which demands innovative ways of organizing schooling, language training, and housing, to avoid the risks of conflict and mutual resentment.
and putting in practice novel ways to tackle a social demand. Some projects that use this approach include Medlab (http://www. medlivinglab. eu),
Co-created or co-produced public services better meet the citizens'demands. Also, local governments can use their data to provide (real time) information to address issues from traffic congestion to peak load electricity management.
insurers Medical practices Road construction companies Parking lot operators Government taxing authorities Ripple effects 2013 Deloitte Belgium Car sharing and on-demand solutions are growing increasingly popular,
or two people Shift in customer demand toward commodity products Eroding margins Undercut business models depending on premium autos and large margin options Reduced entry barriers
Trends and Strategic Implications for the Automotive Industry The connected vehicle industry continues to emerge as a result of rapid advancements in technology and increased consumer demand.
This arises from both the adverse environmental impacts associated with unsustainable demand for finite resources used in the manufacturing of consumer electronics (e g. rare earth metals),
Recent global developments have revealed increasing demands of citizens for their governments and administrations to become more participatory, transparent and accountable.
It is crucial for successful crowdsourcing to design the activity properly to prevent excessive demands and frustrations.
and it would make sure that services deployed answer to concrete unmet local needs and demand.
increasing demand of services from their citizens, and the need to reinvent themselves in their quest to become smarter, more transparent and accountable.
or incapable of opening high quality data that is in high demand, e g..real-time traffic data. Governments and civil servants demand results too quickly.
City services and authorities have had growing demands placed on them by citizens at a time when they are concurrently facing significant budgetary cuts.
A broad range of application services is used in these community networks, such as VOIP, content distribution, on-demand and live media streaming, instant messaging,
such as on-demand and live media streaming, instant messaging, remote backups and updates, file storage and file sharing.
Other than the fact that the demand for the Raspberry Pi computers have exceeded far the team's original predicted figure of 10
Recent global developments have revealed increasing demands of citizens for their governments and administrations to become more participatory, transparent and accountable.
It is crucial for successful crowdsourcing to design the activity properly to prevent excessive demands and frustrations.
and it would make sure that services deployed answer to concrete unmet local needs and demand.
increasing demand of services from their citizens, and the need to reinvent themselves in their quest to become smarter, more transparent and accountable.
or incapable of opening high quality data that is in high demand, e g..real-time traffic data. Governments and civil servants demand results too quickly.
City services and authorities have had growing demands placed on them by citizens at a time when they are concurrently facing significant budgetary cuts.
A broad range of application services is used in these community networks, such as VOIP, content distribution, on-demand and live media streaming, instant messaging,
such as on-demand and live media streaming, instant messaging, remote backups and updates, file storage and file sharing.
Other than the fact that the demand for the Raspberry Pi computers have exceeded far the team's original predicted figure of 10
Developing ICT products and services, e-commerce and enhancing demand for ICT and Strengthening ICT applications for e-government, e-learning,
By 2020 retail will have changed dramatically driven by consumer demand and by technological advances irrespective of any policy direction.
These kinds of limitations impede a trader's ability to comply with consumer demand and prevent retailers to offer consumers their preferred product at the best price.
or services in terms of their material or energy requirements. www. factor10-institute. org/terms. html The ecological footprint is a measure of human demand on the Earth's ecosystems.
as well as meeting customer demand for an improved transparency of supply chain. The most in demand information includes data on the origin of resources used in products
The exposure to international elements (requirements in public policy or demands from partners) determine a more focused reaction in companies,
-Eco-innovation is being implemented mostly as a requirement of European union demands, rather than from an acknowledgment of the fact that it may be the way of the future,
Many merchants, especially SMES, have little knowledge of the fiscal demands of extra-national and cross-border trade,
In particular, they can do much to stimulate demand for (and demonstrate the benefits of) ICT through initiatives to bring public services online.
and that the drivers of demand for ICT goods will be weaker over the next half-decade3.
this type of government procurement can help to aggregate demand for new products and services.
Does Supply Create Its Own Demand? Global Competitiveness Report 2002-2003, World Economic Forum. Gust, Christopher and Jaime Marquez, 2002, International Comparisons of Productivity Growth:
meet growing electricity demand, enable a trans-European electricity market and integrate more sustainable generation resources (including renewable sources), presents major challenges.
predominantly carbon-based generation technologies, located remotely from demand centres. The energy challenges that Europe is now facing are changing the electricity generation landscape.
The drive for lower-carbon generation technologies, combined with greatly improved efficiency on the demand side
assuring and improving security and quality of supply, consistent with the demands of the digital age with resilience to hazards and uncertainties;
increased interest in electricity market opportunities, value added services, flexible demand for energy, lower prices, microgeneration opportunities;
high demand flexibility and controlled price volatility, flexible and predictable tariffs; liquid markets for trading of energy and grid services;
Demand response and demand side management (DSM: developing strategies for local demand modulation and load control by electronic metering and automatic meter management systems;
Politics and regulatory aspects: continuing development and harmonisation of policies and regulatory frameworks in the European union (EU) context;
considering changed demand of an ageing society with increased comfort and quality of life. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), European electricity consumption is projected to increase at an average annual rate of 1. 4%up to 2030
social and political demands placed on energy supply. Smartgrids will use revolutionary new technologies, products and services to create a strongly user-centric approach for all customers. 8 E u R O P E A n T E C H N O
and will include value added services, energy services on demand and total connectivity. They will be asking for connection of in-house generation, the ability to sell surplus generation back to the grid,
Innovation will be needed in relation to networks, demand, and for generation, both distributed and centralised, as grid system operational characteristics change.
and the demands. It will be important for the future to ensure the continuing close involvement of generation companies, understanding the electrical characteristics of their equipment,
They will have the opportunity to offer demand side response products and services to the grid.
Assuring and improving security and quality of supply, consistent with the demands of the digital age;
cost-effective and gentle on the environment. 3. Driving factors in the move towards Smartgrids The current climate demands change in the way electricity is supplied.
as demand rises and traditional resources are depleted. Major players have been brought together to define a clear vision of the future,
demand response; demand side management; and energy storage. Additional standby capacity might be required, which could be called upon
whenever the intermittent RES ceases to generate power. It may be economically efficient to seek a European solution for balancing power rather than national ones.
for example, multilateral participation in the real-time balance between supply and demand. Conceptually, a demand reduction is equivalent to a generation increase in the balancing process:
avoidance of usage or local generation enables each user node in the future network to behave as both sink and source.
Extending the definition of generation to commercial and industrial demand customers and individual households allows demand management to be treated as a form of indirect generation.
Demand management becomes an indirect source of generation and savings are rewarded. Secondly the new system offers greater efficiency as links are set up across Europe
Value added services Forecast information Offshore wind Microgrid Wave energy Demand side management Fuel cells Compressed hydrogen storage H2 production and filling sation 22
In 2020, energy service companies will let everyone to have access to the provision of electricity supply services such as the demand management capabilities.
and will have a critical consequence on power demand evolution. For this reason, electronic meters, automated meter management systems and telecommunications together with other communications systems that use electricity supply networks as their delivery infrastructure will serve as enabling technologies.
demand side management and converging utilities; communication and billing services. Regulatory bodies will develop harmonised rules to favour competition on a nondiscriminatory basis in the EU context.
The function of the active distribution network is to efficiently link power sources with consumer demands,
A strategic approach to developing a range of new and innovative grid architectures that can be deployed on distribution and transmission grids as the situations demand. 32 E u R O P E A n
TP Secretariat Information Office IT Support Service Network Assets Networks Operations Demand and Metering Generation and Storage PLATFORM OPERATIONS New and ongoing projects and initiatives (EC+MS national,
Distributed Generation DSM Demand Side Management ETP European Technology Platform EU European union FACTS Flexible AC Transmission Systems GDP Gross domestic product GIL
and e-government services. 2 Social innovation is defined in this context as new responses to pressing social demands by means that affect the process of social interactions (BEPA 2010). 15 2
Part of the literature and the discussion that took place in the Delphi Expertlens process undertaken in the course of the project has focused on the demand for a novel paradigm for provision of education made necessary by the neuropsychological characteristics of the young generations that grew up using networked technologies.
However, other findings suggest that the demand for ICTS in education by young people is not increasing as dramatically as these theories would suggest (OECD 2012a.
demand for systematic incorporation of SI in the policy toolbox, replacing public sector services with grassroots initiatives Medium Online and informal forms of education will have increasing impact on access to education and outcomes
Technological progress and growing degree of interconnectedness, fiscal constraint, limited ability to change educational systems, skills demand,
unmet demand on labour market for certain skills++Medium term Need to make educational systems responsive to these developments,
unmet skills demand Medium e-government and online engagement potentially empower citizens Technological progress and growing degree of interconnectedness,
demand for services e-government benchmarking data (EU, UN)+ Short to medium term Unequal accessibility and ubiquity of services and citizen engagement across Member States and between strata of society,
responsiveness of the democratic system and process to demand for interaction with citizens High 32 Trend Drivers Indicators Evidence-base (0/+/Time horizon Outcomes for the EU Uncertainty
Countryid=31&case=LFBG Cedefop. from http://www. cedefop. europa. eu/EN/about-cedefop/projects/forecasting-skill-demand-andsupply/skills-forecasts/main-results. aspx?
Cedefop. from http://www. cedefop. europa. eu/EN/about-cedefop/projects/forecasting-skill-demand-andsupply/skills-forecasts/main-results. aspx?
Replacement Demand in a Global economy, in Holzer, H. and D. Nightingale (eds. Reshaping Workforce Policies for a Changing Economy, WASHINGTON DC:
and Katy E Pearce,"Internet Use and Democratic Demands: A Multinational, Multilevel Model of Internet Use and Citizen Attitudes About Democracy,"Journal of Communication, 2012.
analysis of the future need and demand for appropriate models of accommodation and associated services for older people.
EU transport demand: Trends and drivers, 2010. As of June 2013; http://www. eutransportghg2050. eu/cms/assets/EU-Transport-GHG-2050-Task3-Paper-EU-Transport-Trends-and-Drivers-22-12-09-FINAL
Increased demand for collateral after the economic crisis restricts access to bank loans for entrepreneurs The European Small Business Finance Outlook 2013
In particular, greater demand for collateral by banks has made it more difficult to access credit. 43 In some countries
This section therefore presents two forward-looking pieces by leading academics to highlight how the public and private sectors might change their organizational forms as well as relationships to new ideas to fulfil the demand for continued growth and productivity
which in turn improves the demand for immunisation. Loop B2 is a balancing loop which represents the limiting factor resulting from increased demand as far as the effectiveness of the healthcare system is concerned.
An increase in demand results in increased workload which reduces health worker motivation resulting in reduced level of service
The global demand for innovative products in knowledge-based industries is high and growing rapidly;
while demand for skilled workers has exploded. 6 11. Given the shift in comparative advantage towards more knowledge based economic activity,
Which metaphor is most apt depends on a given industry's underlying technological conditions, scale economies, and demand.
In this sense, balancing conflicting customer demands is a delicate strategy that only a very flexible enterprise,
The use of general purpose equipment enhances the flexibility of these firms to rapidly change product specifications in order to meet customer demands.
Manufacturers make sophisticated and ever changing demands, which push suppliers to provide a continuous stream of incremental innovations.
being exposed to different consumer demands, networking with foreign collaborators, and above all accessing novel sources of knowledge,
Often, the innovation advisor is asked to evaluate the costs or demands of the service provider as a relatively neutral third party.
defined as the extent to which top managers are inclined to take business-related risks and seek opportunity in anticipation of future demand (Covin & Slevin,
%the incertitude associated with the market demand for new and innovative products. Least mentioned was the lack of adequate human resources (8. 49%)(see figure 3). 3. 5 Use of IT in SMES.
connected to the demand for inovative products Difficult acces to relevant market information Lack of medium and long term economic forecasting Lack of pubic financing for R&d activities and/or difficult criteria to acces
the cost of R&d activities, lack of funds (or insufficient funds) and incertitude about the evolution of demand for new and innovative goods. Most SMES use computers, Internet and the e-mail in their business activities
seeks to adapt vocational training to the new economy and new demand of jobs and occupations.
The OTRIS are responsible for channelling external research demands to the appropriate research groups within their own institutions
The overall premium to higher education has increased sharply as the main drivers of these economies, the knowledge-based industries, demand higher levels of skills in the workforce with
resulting in rising demand for college-educated workers relative to their supply (Katz & Murphy, 2002).
wages are bid up for those workers who possess high levels of human capital while, due to falling demand,
seeks to adapt vocational training to the new economy and new demand of jobs and occupations.
The new market demand for energy efficiency will foster job creation in different ways. First, initial energy audits
The nine public research universities also develop their own strategies to meet regional demands, especially the needs of the SMES through their association with other research organizations such as the Higher National Research Council (CSIC
The OTRIS are responsible for channelling external research demands to the appropriate research groups within their own institutions,
With respect to the question of how the university views the=demand pull‘approach to technology transfer,
There is also some evidence from the North american experience that coop students can create a demand-pull mechanism to pull technical knowledge out of universities to provide assistance to firms (Bramwell and Wolfe, 2008.
Early success in one or two cases will create a demand for emulating the approach in other firms and universities across the region.
A connected issue is the levels of demand for goods and services. The regional economy in not strongly export-oriented
In this context, demand for local products and services is affected. In addition, the level of Spain‘s public indebtedness has resulted already in austerity packages that have an impact on aggregate demand.
Finally, with the eastward enlargement of the EU, the region is likely to lose its Objective 1 status and, in consequence,
All such training must be demand-rather than supply-driven. Turning to the institutions in Andalusia, a Working group is in the process of being established by the new Ministry of Economy,
Additionally, the contraction in global economic demand from the recent downturn may make the penetration of international markets even harder for SMES.
with short supply chains between producers and consumers meant that it could meet the demands of the new type of consumer (Morgan et al.,
or the growing demand in Spain and elsewhere for organic food products. The traditions of cooperative production and distribution in Andalusia‘s agri-food sector, allied to the existing decentralisation of economic development initiatives to the local level, also provide opportunities for the development of the kind of territorially based
Denmark has lacked traditionally the ability to undertake interventionist industrial strategies and demand-side economic policies of larger countries.
Obstacles and responses Despite growing international competition from lower cost producers in China and Eastern European, Denmark‘s employment remained relatively stable up until 2007 but with the economic downturn and collapse of global demand in many key markets,
It is a forward-looking perspective characterized by the introduction of new products and services ahead of the competition and acting in anticipation of future demand.
It is a forward-looking perspective characterized by the introduction of new products and services ahead of the competition and acting in anticipation of future demand.
Fostering innovation demands a multidimensional approach that takes into account both the incentives for firms to innovate, the internal and external drivers and barriers for innovation,
Common characteristics of KETS include a high demand for R&d, skills and capital expenditure, a multidisciplinary approach cutting across many technology areas, long time horizons between basic research results and implementable innovations, high multiplier effects and high spillovers to other emerging technologies,
Opening-up new markets can also help to unlock additional demand and new resources for production,
5) Identifying the most important factors that influence future demand for new applications that emerge from a KET
and for different scenarios by differentiating between substitutive demand and additional demand. European Competitiveness in KETS ZEW and TNO EN 42error!
System and market failure framework Actors System & Market failures Consumers, end-users, lead-markets, public procurement (demand) Manufacturers, entrepreneurs, SME's, MNC's (supply
market functioning Quality of demand hampering the level of innovation Market demand Quantity of demand hampering the diffusion of innovation Source:
and demand should be big enough and of enough quality to support innovation. Interactions between the different actors should be present
and market demands for certain applications leads to less euphoric, and presumably more realistic assessments of market potentials.
Market demand: The nanotechnology cluster network in NRW consists of three geographically separated clusters, each with a different focus of nanotechnology (nanotech-IT, nanotech-biotech, European Competitiveness in KETS ZEW and TNO EN 82error!
The large share of private funding in Japan for nanotechnology is an indicator for the strong market demand
focus on basic research Combination of excellent scientific research with commercialisation abilities Market demand 3 subclusters focus on:
but also demand considerable changes in producing and using these innovations and may induce concerns about long-term benefits (including environment,
As for all radical innovations, demand is highly uncertain and tends to be very low in the first years after an innovation has been introduced successfully to the market.
But there is no doubt that demand for nanotechnology products will increase clearly above the total market expansion.
Another critical factor is to successfully link technological opportunities with user demand. Many product developments in nanotechnology tend to be driven research,
skill demands are particularly high. Since education typically focuses on imparting knowledge from specific and established scientific or business fields,
and thus stimulate investment and demand. Since R&d in nanotechnology involves very long time horizons, stable networks among actors from industry,
and mobile communication which is supported by strong consumer demand. Moreover, this trend is expected to be fuelled by higher semiconductor content per installed system
While work in the past was focused on‘demand pull'activities such as improved mobile phone functionality, the decisions for these functions were external to the cluster.
They represent an important source of demand for many smaller firms. The first anchor firm being Nortel Networks,
and leading corporations Strong focus on design(>50 percent of output) Strong scientific basis Highly skilled labour force Generation of successful entrepreneurs is about to retire leaving a gap Market demand Research activities very
Global production networks with global demand. In the past strong focus on telecommunications equipment. Cluster regeneration plans aim to focus on health care, automotive,
and mobile communication which is supported by strong consumer demand. Moreover, this trend is expected to be fuelled by a higher semiconductor content per installed system,
and partly by consumer demand as consumers increasingly request a smaller environmental footprint. But biotechnology must compete with alternative production technologies.
strong position in research, development and commercialisation Strong scientific basis 170 university spin-offs (start-ups) Market demand Strategic position in European market Large companies
Thus, the demand for sustainable solutions will be powerful driver for industrial biotechnology applications. But biotechnology must compete with alternative production technologies such as purely chemical processes.
and social implications and concerns such as the provision of sufficient land to satisfy food demand
But there is no doubt that demand for products which involve industrial biotechnology will increase clearly above the total market expansion.
) In terms of demand photonics is a global industry, with small firms highly specialised, able to capture large shares of global market segments.
this is a weakness as large lead buyers lack for demand, internationalisation and commercialisation Market dominated by SMES Focus internationally Sourcing locally selling internationally Cluster features Very strong knowledge‘ecosystem'with spillovers Generous funding of platform Very high growth rate
But there is no doubt that demand for photonic products will increase clearly above the total market expansion.
thus stimulating additional demand and contributing to net growth. Many new applications in photonics are expected to substitute other technologies.
Substituting traditional materials such as polymers based on crude oil by biomaterials demands new investment while offering little price-cost advantages.
confirming high market demand, but the share of advanced materials in this (advanced polymers, biomaterials, and composites) is unknown.
They are large buyers with high quality demands that will increase the level of quality and capacities of its supplying firms.
represent strong innovation skills Market demand 75 percent of output is for export Fast growing cluster with strong export European Competitiveness in KETS ZEW and TNO EN 286error!
what is advanced percentage of material in total output cluster product such as advanced batteries International demand through relative low production
Society's demand of advanced materials included in new technologies, products and services is affected by a variety of factors
Sustainable solutions improving environmental saving technologies is expected to be a powerful demand of advanced materials.
or enable new products with superior characteristics that generate additional demand. These user industries include electronics, medical instruments and health services, automotive, energy production and distribution, construction, textiles and clothing,
thus likely to result in opening-up more and more fields of application, generating a positive feedback in the demand for the respective material.
Product regulation typically demands time-consuming procedures for each field of application until new materials are approved for commercial use in the respective application area.
requirements of end product producers and other users down the value added (e g. automotive or semiconductor industry), process technology knowledge from equipment producers (e g. machinery and instruments industry) and demands of regulatory bodies
high low medium high low low Role of public policy for stimulating demand low no high low no low Significance of health, environment,
Though one cannot simply add market size of individual KETS to get a total volume of demand for KETS as several KETS overlap to some extent,
More importantly, demand for KETS is expected to increase at rates above the average expansion rate of world markets for most KETS.
which is expected about the medium-term growth of global demand for goods and services). The differences in expected future growth of KET demand reflect differences in the underlying factors that drive market potentials of KETS.
and intergrating various technologies into complex products is a therefore a main challenge which demands high investment in R&d and cooperation of actors with different industrial and disciplinary background.
Governments'role in advancing KETS differs with respect to the role of public funding for conducting R&d, the role of public policy for stimulating demand (e g. through public procurement, taxes or regulation),
second that the technologies are intermediary products that do not have a direct demand, and third, that KETS have so many applications (one technology
Market demand can be distorted due to insufficient transparency or inefficient pricing mechanism due, for instance, to the inability to include negative externalities in prices.
Demand Whereas successful KET clusters are often characterised by a strong market focus, less successful ones tend to have a primary orientation on research.
Lead markets tend to develop through an interaction of various supportive demand-side factors, including anticipatory demand, international orientation of users, intense competition,
and a price advantage over alternative technological solutions. Lead markets are often different from those regions where a certain new technology first has been developed.
and many higher education institutions are prepared not to offer curricula that meet the specific demands of KETS.
http://www. ecrn. net/abouttheecrn/wallonia. php Edler, J.,Georghiou, L. 2007), Public procurement and innovation-Resurrecting the demand side, Research Policy 36,949 963.
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011