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Core issues are 1 . What are the ambitions of Smart Specialisation when it comes to transformation of RIS in a way
and communication, consisting of definitions of core concepts for analysis and planning. In this way, S3 provides a framework for dialog on regional development opportunities and challenges between regional development policymakers inside regions and between regional planners in different countries...
Whereas existing planning documents are likely to contain useful data analysis and information, they are regarded not usually as sources of the discovery of new strategies.
If your core industries are moving away, you have to consider the regional framework conditions
Core issues is to identify regions which well-developed triple helix connectivity, and use they to identify what king of changes you need to make,
At his point, it is a good idea to involve core decision making institutions in making the hard choices,
ready to create new, revolutionary paradigms of production, within artificial intelligence, advanced biotechnology, green energy technology, material technology or other promising and sophisticated fields.
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+34 9544 88318 Fax:++34 9544 88300 http://ipts. jrc. ec. europa. eu/http://www. jrc. ec. europa. eu/This publication is a Technical Report by the Joint Research Centre of the European commission.
This working paper presents original data on innovation strategies for smart specialisation (RIS3) in European union (EU) regions and Member States
obtained from the Eye@RIS3 open data tool for sharing information on the areas identified as priority areas by 198 innovation strategies.
Finally, we compare the main areas of planned investment with sectoral data on firms employment and patents, with the conclusion that the connection between priorities and the economic and innovation structures is weak.
smart specialisation, prioritisation, innovation policy, open data, structural funds Acknowledgements The authors would like to express their gratitude to a number of colleagues for their kind comments, cooperation and contributions.
and the database. 2 1. Introduction This working paper presents the first comprehensive mapping of innovation priorities and specialisation patterns in Europe.
an open data tool for gathering and diffusing information on the envisaged regional and national areas of smart specialisation (1). RIS3 are central to the European commission's effort to foster smart and sustainable growth (European commission, 2010a).
During the current programming period (2014 2020) of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), regional and national authorities should develop RIS3
We use these data to give an overview of the most common priority areas and to explore the extent to which policy makers develop unique niches and combine priorities in their RIS3.
For the current programming period (2014 2020), regional and national policy makers are required to develop RIS3 before investing ERDF resources in R&i (European commission, 2010b.
One of the main challenges when collecting data on these domains or prioritised areas is their multidimensional nature.
as of 2012, identifying priorities for their RIS3 investments. 3. Developing an open data tool for mapping innovation priorities Eye@RIS3 is an interactive open data tool that gives an overview
Eye@RIS3 has been developed as an open data tool to help strategy development and to facilitate interregional and trans-national cooperation, rather than as a source of statistical data.
The majority of data have been added by S3 Platform staff and a minority by policy makers themselves.
To have listed priorities in the Eye@RIS3 database does not mean that the particular strategy
or priorities have been approved by the Commission as meeting the RIS3 ex ante conditionality criteria. Furthermore, the listed priorities have not been verified as being areas of strength.
which they will concentrate in the upcoming programming period. Many of the activities indicated by the regions
Currently, the data consist of 1 307 priorities from 20 EU countries, 174 EU regions, 6 non-EU countries and 18 non-EU regions.
In countries without regional RIS3, national data have been added. In total, the sample covers almost all of the EU-28 territory, with the exception of three Italian regions.
The database contains data at NUTS1, 2 and 3 levels, since there are large variations in our sample in terms of regional powers and administrative responsibilities for innovation and development policies.
5) The data used in this paper were retrieved on 5 december 2014, at which time there was almost full coverage across EU Member States.
Since then, additional data have been added. 6 Regional and national innovation priorities are at the heart of the database.
For each priority, we have information on four main categories, as follows:(1) a free-text description of the priority,(2) the R&i capability,(3) the business area and target market and (4) the connection to EU priorities.
The database also contains information on the source of each entry. With regard to data quality, there are a number of caveats.
First of all, the data are not yet suitable for econometric analyses since all entries must be confirmed and double-checked against the final versions of strategies.
However, the database is continuously being updated with the aim of having up-to-date information. When the negotiations of Operational Programmes and the implementation of Action Plans are finalised,
the data can be validated fully. It must be kept in mind that, originally, the main rationale for developing the tool was to increase transparency
and to stimulate contacts between regions and Member States in the field of R&i. 4. Mapping of priority areas In this final section,
production, hunting and related service activities 30 2. 3%Computer, electronic and optical products 28 2. 1%Nanotechnology and engineering 26 2. 0
. 1%Biotechnology 25 1. 9%Other manufacturing 24 1. 8%Computer, electronic and optical products 23 1. 8%Grand total 742 56.8
since these use the same category names in the Eye@RIS3 database; we have merged these in a umbrella terms.
This figure is based on data from 218 regions and countries from the Eye@RIS3 database.
The y-axis is the share of all regions and countries in the database (n=198.
%0%-33%34%-66%67%-100%Share of regions & countries in sample Degree of correspondence with most common sub-categories 12 data entry among the sub-categories.
This figure is based on data from 218 regions and countries from the Eye@RIS3 database.
Looking at sub-category data, we found that, grosso modo, regions and countries have not chosen the same sets of priorities,
we carried out the same type of analysis for main category data. In total, there were 231 combinations of 1 307 encoded priorities.
This figure is based data from 218 regions and countries from the Eye@RIS3 database. The y-axis is the share of all regions and countries in the database (n=198.
The x-axis depicts the degree of correspondence of regional and national priorities with the most common top categories.
be an outcome of our coding and interpretation of data. However, in general, we do find a correlation between EU objectives and the chosen priorities.
we will now examine data on their actual economic structure. This helps us to better understand the extent to which regional and national priorities focus on areas where strong
we have used Eurostat data on the number of organisations, employment data and patent applications in absolute terms,
We have compared these data with the most common RIS3 priorities to determine how the priorities relate to the economic structure.
It seems as though the choices of RIS3 priorities are reflected not strongly in the data on local units in absolute numbers.
and RIS3 priorities are ICT and computer programming; this is possibly linked to other scientific activities since RIS3 deal with R&i.
SBS data by NUTS 2 regions and NACE Rev. 2 (from 2008 onwards), number of local units However, the number of local units and their growth can be affected by sectoral structure.
Eurostat employment data for 2010, SBS data by NACE Rev. 2 for the EU-28 (and Norway) with missing data for Croatia, Greece, France, Italy, The netherlands and Slovakia.
No data were available for the wholesale and retail sectors. Finally, we examine Eurostat patent data covering patent applications to the European Patent office (EPO), in terms of both absolute numbers and growth in absolute and relative numbers.
There were relatively few connections between regional priorities and the growth of the number of patent applications.
'ICT and‘electric communication technique'and‘computing, calculating, counting';'energy and‘generation, conversion or distribution of power'.
or due to lacking patent data categories and lack of easily assignable NACE codes for sustainable innovation. 0%2%4%6%8%10%12%14%16
materials recoveryinformation service activitiescomputer programming, consultancy and relatedactivitiesadministrative and support service activities 19 On the other hand, priority choices could simply be based more on future plans than on existing or growing areas of activity.
This working paper has presented data from the Eye@RIS3 database, an open data tool which gathers information on the innovation priorities of regions and states in the EU and in neighbouring countries.
we explored combinations of both main category and sub-category priority data. We found that very few regions
Finally, we compared Eye@RIS3 data with Eurostat data on numbers of local units in different sectors, employment and patent applications.
or a lack of relevant data or it might simply indicate that priorities are geared towards future potential rather than existing areas of activity.
and performance indicated by regional data on labour, organisations, publications and patents. 21 References Aho, E.,Cornu, J.,Georghiou, L,
and communication technologies (ICT) Computer programming consultancy and related activities Information service activities Motion picture, video and television programme production, sound recording and music publishing activities Programming and broadcasting activities Publishing activities
Telecommunications Manufacturing and industry Basic metals and of fabricated metal products Basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations Biotechnology Chemicals and chemical products Coke and refined petroleum
products Computer, electronic and optical products Electrical equipment Food, beverage and tobacco products Furniture Handicrafts Machinery and equipment n e c.
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 24 Nanotechnology and engineering Printing and reproduction of recorded media Repair and installation of machinery and equipment Rubber and plastic products Textiles
wearing apparel and leather and related products Wood and paper (except for furniture) Other manufacturing Other nonmetallic mineral products Mining
coverage in rural areas Cleaner environment and efficient energy networks (e g. smart grids) E-commerce and SMES online e-Government (e g. e-Procurement, e-Participation) e-Health
(e g. heritage) Open data and sharing of public sector information KETS Advanced manufacturing systems Advanced materials Industrial biotechnology Micro-/nano-electronics Nanotechnology Photonics 27
A great deal of additional information on the European union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa. eu/.How to obtain EU publications Our priced publications are available from EU Bookshop (http://bookshop. europa. eu),
where you can place an order with the sales agent of your choice. The Publications Office has a worldwide network of sales agents.
You can obtain their contact details by sending a fax to (352) 29 29-42758.
This working paper presents original data on innovation strategies for smart specialisation (RIS3) in European union (EU) regions
and Member States, obtained from the Eye@RIS3 open data tool for sharing information on the areas identified as priority areas by 198 innovation strategies.
Finally, we compare the main areas of planned investment with sectoral data on firms employment and patents, with the conclusion that the connection between priorities and the economic and innovation structures is weak
Export and import performance 13 1. 6 Number and size of ICT businesses 15 1 7 Rate of employment 18 1. 8 International outlook
At the same time, the Manual makes note of the frequent non-availability of sufficiently detailed data, and for that very reason it suggests that certain simplifications ought to be made
However, a classification system based on the above unfortunately does not always work as such detailed data are unavailable for most types of statistical data sets.
TEÁOR'08), we categorised available data as follows: ICT Industry: Section C (Manufacturing: C. 26: Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products C. 26.1:
Manufacture of electronic components and boards C. 26.2: Manufacture of computers and peripheral equipment C. 26.3:
Manufacture of communication equipment C. 26.4: Manufacture of consumer electronics C. 26.5: Manufacture of instruments and appliances for measuring, testing and navigation;
Telecommunications J. 62: Computer programming, consultancy and related activities J. 63: Information service activities As our approach is aligned with the underlying logic of the Frascati Manual,
which divides the ICT sector into manufacturing and services, and as the sectors listed above are largely identical with the classification proposed therein,
Occasionally, less data is available on the ICT manufacturing as some statistical databases fail to subdivide this section of the national economy into further sectors and subsectors,
and so our analysis was encumbered by the non-availability of sufficiently detailed data. We nevertheless endeavored to present the fullest possible picture of both the ICT industry and ICT services
The survey highlights-among other things-the importance of establishing secure mobile and online payment systems, making available more radio spectrums (in particular for the mobile data market), investing into high-speed broadband connections,
the role of online purchases in reducing costs and improving the quality of delivery of goods and services,
while the EU's BERD/value added ratio of telecommunication services is no worse than that of the US,
and software manufacturing (both compared to the US and South korea), while the EU and South korea have similar indicators in terms of the manufacture of telecommunication and multimedia equipment and components.
In several key indicators the EU's ICT sector is not sufficiently competitive relative to its main rivals (Japan and USA.
Company-level R&d data clearly demonstrate that fewer new and innovative large ICT corporations are created in the EU than in the US.
computer services and software manufacturing. As a further disadvantage, US companies were quicker to recognize the significance of Asia
Based on 2000-2009 data, the OECD also evaluated the contribution of ICT investments to economic growth.
and the Hungarian business software development market shrank in size like many others, nevertheless the sector itself very quickly returned to the path to recovery, partly due to the highly innovative nature of its companies and to the growth of some sub-sectors, e g. computer and mobile communication services.
In 1995-2008 the share of domestic ICT value added in the business sector value added showed remarkable growth,
There is no data available for Poland 1995) 1. The ICT sector's stakeholders, inputs and significance for the national economy 0%2%4%6%8%10%12%14%16%Poland Austria Germany Portugal Slovakia France OECD
while the share of telecommunications equipment, which made up nearly 50%of sectoral exports in 2011,
The export of computers and peripheral equipment-equally crucial for ICT-has shown a steady growth in absolute terms since 2009.
Declining imports in 2011 were mostly related to telecommunications equipment (42.6%share in 2011) and electronic components (representing 22.6%).
The ICT service sector's contribution to international trade is represented relatively well by statistical data published by the Hungarian Central Statistical Office on communication services as well as IT and information services4.
whereas computer services, news agency services, database services and online publishing are classed as IT and information services.
Foreign market entry opportunities The bulk of primary data shown in the text boxes of this report were taken from an RDI survey carried out by the National Innovation Office RDI Observatory in the spring of 2012 with the participation of 1
imports (led axis) The trade volume of computer and information services is nearly twice as much as that of communication services;
in addition to which the computer and information services sector also recorded a major trade surplus in contrast with communication services,
on technology and computer services (right axis) Balance of trade in communica? on services (right axis) Export of informa?
on technology and computer services (lek axis) Import of informa? on technology and computer services (lek axis) Export of communica?
on services (lek axis) Import of communica? on services (lek axis) 0 5, 000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Based on 2010 data and the standard national economic sector classification, the highest number of active businesses are engaged in the wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles (139,546 out of a total
Hungarian Central Statistical Office 1. 18 According to the OECD Information and Technology Outlook (2010), two out of the 250 TOP ICT companies founded a subsidiary in Hungary,
%Other 2. 3%ICT services Such growth was driven largely by foreign businesses with an IT profile deciding to settle down in Hungary. 1. 8 International outlook In terms of the percentage rate of its population
OECD Key ICT Indicators, 2012 8based on OECD data for 2009.0%2%4%6%8%10%Portugal Greece Spain Switzerland Austria Germany
'but there was also a significant proportion of companies looking for partners by visiting trade expos and fairs or by browsing specialist magazines, following announcements and websites.
and computer software to be used in connection with and instrumental to carrying out research and experimental developments'.
websites By visi+ng trade expos and fairs We tend to be contacted by others By using own social network 0%20%40%60%80%100%The share of R&d expenditure in the ICT sector
According to survey data, this conclusion holds also for companies of the ICT sector. 90%of respondents replied that the necessary resources come from their own company group,
and interpreting innovation data, 3rd edition, 2005, pp 146.0%10%20%30%40%50%60%Czech R. Spain Germany Poland Austria Norway
and printing Other manufacturing, and repair and installation of machinery and equipment Manufacture of machinery and equipment n e c.
Information technology sciences account for 24.4%of total awarded domestic tender funding and nearly 18%of the number of successful tender applications.
Figure 23 shows the respective share of information technology sciences from the Research and Technology Innovation Fund in terms of awarded tender amounts and the number of successful tender applications in 2007-2012.16
These being exceptionally high percentage rates mean that information technology science could prove an engine of Hungarian innovation also in the long term provided of course that tender funds are used to generate adequate returns.
the heading of the table reads‘information technology sciences'.'The reason for this is that of all scientific disciplines designated by tender applicants in their tender applications,
information technology is the discipline which is closest to the ICT sector and so it is positioned best to provide adequate information for evaluating the tender performance of the ICT sector.
Government and Innovation 2012/$file/Growing%20beyond%20summit report final spread. pdf Eurostat Statistical Database http://epp. eurostat. ec. europa. eu/portal/page/portal/statistics
Innováció, VI. évf. 59. szám), 2012. http://www. ksh. hu/docs/hun/xftp/idoszaki/innovacio/innovacio10. pdf HCSO Dissemination Database
-080523 OECD Information and Technology Outlook (2010) http://www. oecd. org/internet/interneteconomy/oecdinformationtechnologyoutlook2010. htm OECD:
Key ICT Indicators http://www. oecd. org/internet/broadbandandtelecom/oecdkeyictindicators. htm Oslo Manual guidelines for collecting
and interpreting innovation data, 3rd edition, 2005, pp 146. World bank Database http://data. worldbank. org/35 National Innovation Office RDI MIRROR-1. Review on the ICT Sector All figures together with underlying tables are accessible
through the National Innovation Office Kaleidoszkóp internet portal www. kaleidoszkop. nih. gov. hu. Figure 1: The EU's ICT sector in international comparison (2007.
Source: European commission: EU Innovation Union Competitiveness Report 2011.10 Figure 2: Annual average labour productivity growth and ICT contribution to such growth in total industries, 1995-2008(%.
There is no data available for Poland 1995)..12 Figure 4: Gross value added of the Hungarian ICT sector as a percentage of value added of the total economy, 1995-2011.
Kaleidoszkóp Kaleidoszkóp (the name refers to the multifaceted nature of RDI) is the name of the information system used by the National Innovation Office.
Kaleidoszkóp's objective is to create an integrated RDI database of the relevant institutions and companies of the sector
as well as data and analyses supporting RDI policy related decision-making. With the help of this database, RDI stakeholders can be involved in diagnosing problems as may exist within the sector
and work out possible solutions. All Kaleidoszkóp system data and service functionalities are meant to assist public sector institutions
and other organisations in their networking, strategy development and market analysis efforts. Kaleidoszkóp is operated by the National Innovation Office RDI Observatory Department.
u generic and specific sectoral RDI analyses and statistics u quality data sources informing analysis u information on public funded RDI projects u
register of Hungarian research infrastructure facilities u map-based search engine of RDI organisations and businesses u finding project partners
and mapping project opportunities Bemutatkozó Phone:++36 1 484 2500 Fax:++36 1 318 7998 E-mail:
info@nih. gov. hu Web: http://www. nih. gov. hu http://kaleidoszkop. nih. gov. hu/ISSN 2063-7748 ISBN 978-963-08-5934-9 NATIONAL
INNOVATION OFFICE INFORMATION SYSTEM
Research, Development & Innovation in Hungary This publication was made under the auspices of the National Innovation Oice, Department of RDI Observatory.
National Innovation Oice is not liable for any consequences resulting from using this analysis for any purpose whatsoever.
The report, together with any data and indicators published therein, can be downloaded from the Kaleidoszkóp website:
http://kaleidoszkop. nih. gov. hu/en Editing closed: 1 oct 2013 w w w. k a l e i d o s z k o p. n i h. g o v. h u/e
Capital expenditure is composed of expenditure on land and buildings, instruments, equipment and computer software. Sources: Hungarian Central Statistical Oice (HCSO;
132.8 billion HUF 0 50 100 150 200 250 billion HUF Business enterprises Government Higher education Data is for 2012.
The National Innovation Oice RDI Observatory's own calculations based on HCSO, 2013 data. 225.4 billion HUF81 12.5 39.2 157.6 40 27.8 6
102.6 Cyprus Data is for 2011. Source: The National Innovation Oice RDI Observatory's own calculations based on Eurostat, 2013 data. €/fo 1000 600 999 100 599 0 99
510.5 European union average €/capita w w w. k a l e i d o s z k o p. n i h. g o v
15.2 18.4 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 billion HUF Data is for 2012.
The National Innovation Oice RDI Observatory's own calculations based on HCSO, 2013 data. Business Government Abroad enterprises 8 w w w. n i h. g o v. h u/e n g l i s h How much is R&d
Manufacture of electrical equipment Manufacture of transport equipment Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products Manufacture of computer
electronic and optical products Information and communication NATIONAL ECONOMY'S Average Data is for 2012.
The National Innovation Oice RDI Observatory's own calculations based on HCSO, 2013 data. 41.7 25.9 22.2 20.4 18.2 16.2 16.2 16.0 12.0
Data is for 2012. Source: The National Innovation Oice RDI Observatory's own calculations based on HCSO, 2013 data. average Number of researchers capita/research unit 5. 4 Hungarian
owned corporate research units 34.1 foreign owned corporate research units 10 w w w. n i h. g o v. h u/e
Full-time equivalent Data is for 2011. Source: The National Innovation Oice RDI Observatory's own calculations based on HCSO, 2012 data. w w w. k a l e i d o s z k o
p. n i h. g o v. h u/e n 11 Where are the corporate R&d units?
Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok Békés Csongrád Bács-Kiskun Baranya Tolna Fejér Komárom-Esztergom Gyor-Moson-Sopron Veszprém Vas Zala Somogy Data
The National Innovation Oice RDI Observatory's own calculations based on HCSO, 2013 data. Budapest 0 30 31 60 61 90 91 29 685 Numbers of research units (pc) apart from Budapest898 12 w w w. n i h
. g o v. h u/e n g l i s h Innovation=money?!Income per employee of innovative and non-innovative enterprises in Hungary the average income per employee of enterprises with both technological and non-technological innovations*is two times higher than that of their non-innovative competitors
. €/capita 250 200 150 100 50 0 Data is for 2010. Source: Eurostat, 2012.
enterprises Large enterprises Data is for 2010. Source: Eurostat, CIS, 2012 74%51%35%21%54%26%30%49%65%79%46%70%14 w w w. n i h. g
Estonia Sweden Italy Malta Austria Cyprus Data is for 2010. Source: Eurostat, 2012. Total number of patent applications by billion EUR of total R&d expenditure (GERD) € w w w. k a l e i d o s z k o p
+36 1 484 2500 fax:++36 1 318 7998 e-mail: info@nih. gov. hu Web:
www. nih. gov. hu National Innovation Oice (NIH) is the governmental body responsible for research, development and technological innovation. 18 Kaleidoszkóp Kaleidoszkóp's main objectives:
generic and speciic sectorial RDI analyses and statistics information analysis based on qualitative data sources information on public funded RDI projects maintaining register of Hungarian research
infrastructure facilities map-based search engine of RDI organisations and businesses inding project partners and mapping project opportunities Kaleidoszkóp (the name refers to the multifaceted nature of RDI) is the name of the information system used by the National Innovation Oice.
Kaleidoszkóp's objective is to create an integrated RDI database of the relevant institutions and companies of the sector,
as well as data and analyses supporting RDI policy related decision-making. Kaleidoszkóp is operated by the National Innovation Oice RDI Observatory Department.
Kaleidoszkóp's homepage: www. kaleidoszkop. nih. gov. hu/en www. nih. gov. hu/english www. kaleidoszkop. nih. gov. hu/en
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