Google's Pagerank is a variant of the Eigenvector centrality measure (Spizzirri, 2011. In practical terms, eigenvector centrality is a measure of the importance of a node in a network,
14 1. 16 Growth in daily Google searches, 2007-2013.16 1. 17 Growth in Facebook monthly active users, 2004-2013 (millions of users...
Google remains the leading search engine in most countries, and accounts for around 90 per cent of the search market. 16 The number of daily Google searches reached almost 6 billion by end 2013 (Chart 1. 16)
and the total number of searches made through Google in 2013 exceeded 2 trillion. Social media sites have become the most accessed websites by users in both developed Chart 1. 16:
Growth in daily Google searches, 2007-2013 Source: Partnership (2014), based on http://www. statisticbrain. com/google-searches/.
/0 2'000 4'000 6'000 8'000 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 Millions of searches 17 Measuring
which includes not just telecommunication companies but also over-the-top (OTT) service providers such as Google, Twitter, Facebook, Whatsapp, Netflix, Amazon and many others, captures a wide array of behavioural
Google, for example, is running about a thousand experiments at any given point in time (Varian, 2013a. Telecom network operators make extensive use of such techniques when rolling out new services, among other things for the purpose of pricing.
This broadly includes data captured directly by telecommunication operators as well as by Internet companies and by content providers such as Google, Facebook, Twitter, etc.
In the EU, for example, a number of directives require data producers to obtain users'consent before gathering any of their personal data. 5 One of the best-known examples of leveraging the online population's digital breadcrumbs for development purposes is Google Flu Trends (GFT.
In addition, mobile-operator data could be combined with customer information from popular online services, such as Facebook, Google or other, local (financial, social etc.
and by taking into account usage patterns or data from popular Internet companies such as Google or Facebook.
Not everyone uses Twitter, Facebook or Google. For example, ITU estimates suggest that 40 per cent of the world's population uses the Internet.
For example, the famous Google pagerank algorithm has spawned an entire industry of organizations that claim to enhance website page rankings,
Changes in behaviour could also partially explain the declining veracity of Google Flu Trends (GFT),
researchers having found influenza-like illness rates as reflected by Google searches to be no longer necessarily correlating with actual influenza virus infections (Ortiz et al.,
The point is that the underlying real-world actions of the population that turned to Google with its health queries,
with more and more people turning to Google with their broader health questions, thereby introducing additional search terms (due to different cultural norms
As Google's Chief Economist, Hal Varian, notes, there are often more police in precincts with high crime,
ITU and UN Global Pulse), the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development, ICT industry associations and producers of big data (Google, Facebook, etc.)
http://policyreview. info/articles/analysis/big data-big-responsibilities. 6 See https://www. google. org/denguetrends/.
Wired Magazine, 16 (7). Askitas, N. and Zimmermann, K. F. 2009), Google econometrics and unemployment forecasting.
http://static. googleusercontent. com/media/research. google. com/en//archive/papers/initialclaimsus. pdf. Choi, H. and Varian, H. 2012), Predicting the present with Google trends.
The parable of Google Flu: traps in big data analysis. Science (New york, N y.),343 (6176), 1203 5. doi:
a comparison of traditional surveillance systems with Google Flu Trends. Plos One, 6 (4), e18687. doi:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Digital technologies and the Internet have transformed many areas of business from Google and Amazon to Airbnb and Kickstarter.
so that both commercial entities (like Google) and noncommercial entities (like Wikipedia) were able to exploit the network effect.
an increasing concentration of power in services in the hands of a few data aggregators, none of which are based in Europe (Google controlling nearly 82%of the global search market and 98%of the mobile search market,
Google has developed the open source Android operating system and spawned innovation in applications worldwide; Facebook has enabled the building of thousands of apps
For example, even the European Smart Cities project risks being dominated by US companies such as IBM, Google and Ciscos, partly because of the lack of alternatives.
Take for example the commercial success of Google: Google has built already one of the world's largest networks of computers and data centres for online-search results,
and can repurpose their technology in order to expand into other data-driven services in order to increase their value, profit and marketability.
One of the most well-known is supported the Google programme Google for Entrepreneurs36 that in 2011 created a campus where innovation
Big OTT are Google, Skype, Youtube, Netflix, Facebook, Amazon and EBAY. 4 Sestini, Fabrizio.``Collective awareness platforms:
http://www. bcg. com/documents/file84709. pdf 24 How the Internet is transforming the economy, a series of studies by the Boston Consulting Group commissioned by Google, 2010-2011;
"83 Google contribution to the public consultation on the future of electronic commerce in the internal market and the implementation of the Directive on electronic commerce (2000/31/EC), available at:
This has resulted in a degree of regulatory 85 Joined cases C-236/08 to C-238/08, Google vs.
Google Inc.)stated that the Directive was not relevant for the liability of a news search service
however, the Hamburg Court held (in Peterson v Google Inc and others90) that a video sharing site for videos uploaded by third parties cannot benefit 86 Crown Court, Gloucester, 06.02.2010, ref. no.
The first case concerned Google's paid referencing service""Adwords",and its liability for infringements of trademarks held by The french luxury group LVMH,
http://www. ifpi. org/content/library/Pirate-Bay-verdict-English-translation. pdf 104 Joined cases C-236/08 to C-238/08, Google vs.
HTML 31 through Google's search engine. These advertisement links appear whenever a"keyword"that can be reserved by an economic operator corresponds to the word (s) entered as a request in the search engine.
"and that Google had prevented not them from doing so. The french Cour de Cassation asked the ECJ
whether, the referencing service provider (Google) could be held liable for this. The ECJ in this case refers to recital 42 in the preamble of the Directive to conclude that an intermediary service provider"has neither knowledge of nor control over the information
which it stores"(paragraphs 113 and 114) In analysing the Google"Adwords"service, the ECJ notes that"with the help of software it has developed,
Google processes the data entered by advertisers and the resulting display of the ads is made under conditions which Google controls.
Thus Google determines the order of display according to, inter alia, the remuneration paid by the advertisement"(paragraph 116).
However, the ECJ considers that to examine Google's activity in the light of recital 42,
"the role played by Google in the drafting of the commercial message which accompanies the advertisement link
or in the establishment or selection of keywords is relevant"(paragraph 118, underlining added). The second ruling from the ECJ on the liability exemption regime concerns ebay and L'oréal.
from paid internet referencing services (such as Google's"Adwords")."In parallel to this, L'oréal had identified several infringements of its trademarks through/by the selling platform ebay.
it is essential that the provider be an intermediary provider within the meaning intended by the legislature in the context of Section 4 of Chapter II of that directive (see Google France and Google, paragraph 112)".
or control over, those data (Google France and Google, paragraphs 114 and 120)"."Paragraph 113"(.
and provides general information to its customers cannot have the effect of denying it the exemptions from liability provided for by Directive 2000/31 (see, by analogy, Google France and Google, paragraph 116).
Google case. The AG claims to"have some difficulties"with the conclusion of the Court that recital 42 would contain conditions for all intermediary services for benefiting from a liability exemption
on 20 november 2010 the Commission started investigations into Google following allegations of abuse of market dominance in the areas of online search,
Commission probes allegations of antitrust violations by Google, IP/10/1624,30. 1..2010, available at:
as the firms look to advance their technology'2. A recent search of Google trends produced about 85 million results in less than a second 3 with high regional interests from South korea, Finland, Denmark, Austria, Switzerland, Germany
3) http://www. google. com/trends/explore#q=open%20 innovation (as of 14.1.15)( 4) Linus Dahlander, David M. Gann,(2010),
Additional partners are, for instance, Google, Youtube and Apple who support lab users through workshops, lectures, coaching and training.
Large multinational enterprises such as Deutsche telekom AG, Deutsche Post AG, Otto Group, Bertelsmann AG, Axel Springer AG, Prosiebensat. 1, Microsoft and Google
Slack chat screenshot Let's say, Dropbox meets Google Apps, meets Yammer;)-With an investment from Google Ventures and the world's famous venture capitalist Kleiner Perkins, the valuation of the company amounts to USD 1. 12 billion.
At that time there were only 268 000 users. That is a lot of money for a start-up launched just one year ago.
That is fundamentally different from searching on Google. These examples are relevant because corporate innovation is not dead.
References (1) Google glass, http://www. google. com/glass/start/,2014.2) M. Curley and B. Salmelin,Open Innovation 2. 0:
IBM, Nokia, Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Apple) show, the platform owner potentially gains substantial advantages in terms of value creation and market dominance.
Facebook and Google ads; Public platforms: relevant European commission Portals, National and Regional Government sites; Indirect:
Typically, data is where Google stands for. Numerical analysis of what works best. Apple is the other side of the virtual spectrum.
Data driven firms like Facebook, Amazon and Google, on the other hand, take the hacker way. They run experiments thousands upon thousands of them.
or in the small group of successful startups, such as Google, e-Bay or Amazon, surviving the new economy bubble,
For example, while the US are home to companies such as Google, Microsoft and Amazon which are all fairly young
in order to become the Googles, Microsofts or Amazons of tomorrow. The European commission's Innovation Union Communication of October 2010
Genetech, Google and Facebook not only grew rapidly but also stimu-28 For recent studies on the issue of determinants of firm growth see Moreno/Casillas (2008);
The Venture capital Cycle, Chapter 13, http://www. google. ca/#hl=en&biw=958&bih=444&q=lerner+impact+sbir&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=&gs rfai=&fp
For example, while the US are home to companies such as Google, Microsoft and Amazon which are all fairly young
in order to become the Googles, Microsofts or Amazons of tomorrow. The European commission's Innovation Union Communication of October 2010
Genetech, Google and Facebook not only grew rapidly but also stimu-28 For recent studies on the issue of determinants of firm growth see Moreno/Casillas (2008);
The Venture capital Cycle, Chapter 13, http://www. google. ca/#hl=en&biw=958&bih=444&q=lerner+impact+sbir&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&oq=&gs rfai=&fp
Google, for example, tested Gmail, Google Circles and Google+in this way. Summarizing a decade of innovation research around the impact of digital technologies,
Pioneering private sector firms like Google and Dyson demonstrate an enlightened sense of self-interest when they give talented employees
and the areas and sectors that are poised for the highest growth. 3 Power Patients proactively make use of Google
including private ICT companies such as Google, Hewlett packard, Microsoft, Accenture and Samsung. The pledges also come from universities, academies and local governments as well as national coalitions
Google handles more than a billion searches in the United states every day and stores them all. It took the 50 million most commonly searched terms between 2003 and 2008
Google's system could work in near-real time. Google ran all the terms through an algorithm a way of making a calculation-that ranked the terms by how well they correlated with flu outbreaks.
Then, the system tried combining the terms. With a billion searches a day it would have been impossible for a person to guess which ones might work best.
Google identified 45 terms that strongly coincided with CDC's data on flu outbreaks. The Google trends method has been criticised,
because its been wrong in some instances. However that is not the whole story. It's only been wrong like a weather forecast is wrong,
we canmash up''digital services like Google's maps and Facebook's social newsfeed in no time and on a shoestring budget.
Among them, 92.4%used social networks (Facebook, Linkedin, Tuenti, Google+,Viadeo, Yammer...40.9%used company blogs or microblogs (Twitter, Presently, Blogger, Typepad etc.
%Qualcomm, the US (30.7%),Huawei, China (30.3%),Google, the US (27.7%).%)Some of these companies have increased R&d partly as a result of acquisitions.
Google (Internet), Oracle (Software), Qualcomm (Telecom equipment), Apple computer Hardware) and Broadcom (semiconductors. The performance of EU companies compared to US companies in the ICT sectors varies by subsector...
%Qualcomm, US (30.7%),Huawei, China (30.3%),Google, US (27.7%).%)Other companies among the top 100 group have shown double-digit growth in both R&d and net sales, e g.
14353.2 SYNTHES INC. SHAREHOLDERS 14/06/2012 Acq. 100%GOOGLE 9758.0 MOTOROLA MOBILITY SHAREHOLDERS 22/05/2012 Acq. 100%NESTLÉ SA 9125.7
TELCORDIA WARBURG PINCUS LLC 12/01/2012 Acq. 100%GOOGLE 777.0 WAZE INC. KLEINER PERKINS 11/06/2013 Acq. 100%DAIMLER 767.0
Sun microsystems) and ten companies joined the top 50 (Abbott, Amgen, Apple, Denso, Google, Huawei, Oracle, Panasonic, Qualcomm and Takeda pharmaceuticals).
They include Google, up more than 200 (now 13th), Panasonic, up 128 (now 19th), Qualcomm, up 87 (now 37th), Huawei, up more than 200 (now 31st), Oracle, up 40 (now 29th.
GOOGLE, USA 12. GENERAL MOTORS, USA 11. DAIMLER, Germany 10. PFIZER, USA 9. JOHNSON & JOHNSON, USA 8. MERCK US, USA 7. NOVARTIS, Switzerland 6. ROCHE, Switzerland 5. TOYOTA MOTOR, Japan 4. INTEL
dow n 6 13 GOOGLE up>200 14 ROBERT BOSCH up 12 15 SANOFI up 40 16 HONDA MOTOR nil 17 SIEMENS dow n
*rank Company Country Sector R&d in 2012 ( m 1 GOOGLE USA Internet 4997.0 2 ORACLE USA Software 3675.9 3 QUALCOMM USA
By low-level design objectives, we mean here the functional and performance properties as well as the structural and quality properties that the architecture of this global and 5 Eric Schmidt, the CEO of Google,
Eric commented that Google has indexed roughly 200 terabytes of that is 0, 004%of the total size.
For instance, as soon as a major content provider, such as Google, deploys MPTCP perhaps as part of a new application with better Qos-then there is a much stronger incentive for OSS to deploy it as well as the network externality has increased suddenly.
Furthermore, ISPS and other companies such as Google and Amazon have increasingly been able to monetize their user transaction data and personal data.
Google is feed able to advertisements based on past searching and browsing habits, and Amazon is able to make recommendations based on viewing and purchasing habits.
A highlight of the effectiveness of the AVANTSSAR methods and tools is the detection of a serious flaw in the SAML-based SSO solution for Google Apps 3. Though well specified and thoroughly documented,
Still, when Google developed their SAML-based SSO solution for Google Apps they released a flawed product,
which allowed a dishonest service provider to impersonate the victim user on Google Apps, granting unauthorized access to private data and services (email, docs, etc.).
and the attack was reproduced in an actual deployment of SAML-based SSO for Google Apps.
Google and the US Computer Emergency Readiness Team (US-CERT) were informed and the vulnerability was kept confidential until Google developed a new version of the authentication service
and Google's customers updated their applications accordingly. The severity of the vulnerability has been rated High in a note issued by the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST.
Moreover, as shown in 2, the SATMC backend of the AVANTSSAR Platform also allowed us to detect that the prototypical SAML SSO use case (as described in the SAML technical overview) suffers from an authentication flaw that,
as witnessed by the new XSS attack identified in the SAML-based SSO for Google Apps
and that could have allowed a malicious web server to impersonate a user on any Google application.
First, in the trail of the successful analysis of Google's SAML-based SSO, an internal project has been run to migrate AVANTSSAR results within SAP Netweaver Security
Breaking the SAML-based Single Sign-on for Google Apps. In: Proceedings of the 6th ACM Workshop on Formal Methods in Security Engineering (FMSE 2008), pp. 1 10.
Trustworthy Clouds Underpinning the Future Internet 211 An example for the first category is the Google gov. app cloud launched in September 2009 that offers a completely segregated cloud targeted exclusively at US government customers.
, for the Office Live Workspace-in analogy to what Google does with Gmail-unencrypted data transfer between the cloud and the user
Azure, Google apps and others. The Cloud technologies are emerging as a new provisioning model 2. Cloud stands for ondemand access to IT hardware or software resources over the Internet.
the acquisition of Metaweb11 by Google to enhance search, and the release of the Opengraph12 API by Facebook.
On the other hand, an increasing number of popular Web and Web 2. 0 applications as offered by Facebook, Google,
It might be taken to include the Google search engine (which arguably has created more value for society than even the value that has accrued to shareholders and founders).
to Google who provide support by means of internet advertising. As a result of its strong network of supporters and partners, producing clear 48 and productive connections,
Examples include tracking the performance of different plug-in hybrid cars through Google, and C40 city governments.
An example of open-testing, Google's initiative hopes to educate consumers body about the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of technology that is also environmentally friendly.
This is one of Google's test cars. This fleet of hybrid plug-in vehicles is monitoring greenhouse gas emissions.
Image courtesy of Google, Inc 3 54 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION Finance for emerging ideas A wide range of financial tools can be used at these early stages:
and has now been implemented in every ward in 35 KP hospitals. 393) Tithes of working time to generate collaborative public innovation an extension of the Google model where engineers are encouraged to spend 20 per cent of their time developing their own projects.
163 Good Deed Foundation 80 Good Food Guide 190 Google 53; 165 Gore, Al 26;
Camp, The Design Council, The Hope Institute, Plane Stupid, Americaspeaks, Dialogue Café, Helsinki Design Lab, Google Inc, Un Techo para Chile, Riversimple
The large-scale research programmes in data mining funded by the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) at Stanford and a few other universities provided the context for the development of the Google search algorithm that soon became the basis
and no books or 23 Yet another database is Google Scholar. This is a service based on the automatic recording by Google's search engine of citations to any author's publications (of whatever type) included in other publications appearing on the worldwide web. 24 See:
http://thomsonreuters. com/products services/science/science products/a-z/web of science/82 monographs whatsoever, hence, publications referring toapplied research
, finance sector competition is facing the challenge of Paypal and Google Wallet diffusion and adoption by digital natives.
whereas HBASE, Google's Bigtable, and Cassandra represent Column-Oriented databases. For further details we refer the reader to 39,40. 4 Mapreduce exploit, on the one hand,(i) a map function,
The last example of cloud computing service provider is Google which uses its own infrastructure that contains three independent
The first one is Google File system, which is distributed a proprietary file system that is developed by Google to provide efficient,
reliable access to data using large clusters of Application Layer---Business Applications, Web Services Multimedia Platforms---Software Framework (Java, Python,.
Google Apps, Facebook Youtube Microsoft Azure, Google Appengine, Amazon Simple DB/S3 Amazon EC2, Gogrid, Flexiscale Data centres Fig. 2. 2
Finally, the last one is the Map Reduce1 programming model that can be modified according to the characteristics of the applications that Google is running on its servers.
Key technology service enablers Examples Social networking Facebook, Twitter, Google, etc.++Smart mobile communications iphone, ipad, Android OS Smartphones and tablets Cloud computing Amazon, dropbox, Google, Salesforce. com, Windows Azure, etc.
High bandwidth telecommunication networks Comcast, AT&T, Verizon, etc. Big data Amazon's Dynamo, HBASE, Google's Bigtable, Cassandra, Hadoop, etc.
Ultra-fast, low latency switches Cisco Networks, etc. High density, low cost chips IBM, Intel, AMD chips 50 3 Mobile Services As pointed out by Bagozzi 20, TAM is characterized by aparsimony''in the number of basic
store These stores are managed at global level by manufacturers of mobile operating systems (Apple, Samsung, Google, Microsoft, RIM),
Table 4. 5 Social sensing domains and applications Domains Applications (sample) Crowdsourcing for user centered activities Location trends Google Latitude Google Public
Location Badge Mobile Location used with Google+Hangouts Navizon (http://www. navizon. com/)ilocalis (http://ilocalis. com/)Citysense (https://www. sensenetworks. com
both personal and business data can reside in the cloud on large servers run by giant technology firms such as Amazon and Google,
Microsoft Sharepoint, IBM Lotus notes and Google apps for business. The latter one contains many useful applications such as Google doc for file sharing among team members,
Google Calendar for scheduling meeting at times that works for everyone with features such as reminders, Google Drive for storing, sharing
and accessing files from everywhere, Google Sheets that enable spreadsheet 6. 4 Digital Collaboration Systems
and Ideas 123 management with easy charts and discussion style comments, and finally, Google Slides that allow users to create presentations together.
Also, Siglin 17 has provided examples of other video collaboration software. The first one is provided by Accordent Inc.
Google Drive and Google docs Google Drive is a file storage and synchronization service provided by Google
and it provides users with features related to cloud storage, file sharing and documents editing in a collaborative manner.
In this service, the files shared publicly on Google Drive can be searched with web search engines. Google docs is a freeware web-based office suite offered by Google within its Google Drive service.
It allows users to create and edit documents, spreadsheets and presentations online while collaborating with other users live.
Moreover, many other websites such as Google books and the New york times, use this kind of service for text digitization 22.
or Google, allow creating digital business as a platform exploiting the above infrastructure. In a sense, the shift from value chains to value constellations, outlined by Normann
In fact, the search engines like Google and Yahoo! are some of the most visited websites and they make money thanks to sponsored links and paid advertising;
and experience on Google software, developed at the IBM Research Lab in Haifa, while his two partners both have extensive experience in the banking industry.
other than Google or Facebook, does. The simple idea behind Macrosense and the other related services developed by Sense networks is that actual behavior is a very good predictor of future behavior.
The management team is composed of data scientists, mathematicians, security experts and industry specialist, supported by the investments of some of the founders and CEOS of Google, Paypal, Verisign and Sun microsystems.
and the world did not include Amazon (founded in July 1994), Facebook, Google or Linkedin.
In recent times, companies like ebay, Kayak, Google or Facebook have changed the way we shop,
(1991), Jeff Bezos of Amazon com (1997), Sergey Brin and Larry page of Google (2003), Reid Hoffman and Jeff Weiner of Linkedin (2011) and Hamdi Ulukaya of Chobani (2012.
Google is a good example of this In 1998, Sergey Brin and Larry page launched the company with a mission to organize a seemingly infinite and unstructured amount of information on the web.
In only 15 years, Google has grown to over $50bn in annual revenue and has been instrumental in delivering improvements that provide radically better access to information for both consumers and other businesses.
and companies like Google try to foster this, as well as a strong outreach through captive venture capital arms (while Google's efforts look very promising,
the latter have seen mixed fortunes in the last decade. Another tested approach (though not without its difficulties) is to create separate break out teams inside the organization that
Young Global Leader Building a database and evaluating data with a clearly defined process Google Ventures uses algorithms with data from academic literature or from due diligences.
New york times (2013), Google Ventures Stresses the Science of the Deal, not the Art of the Deal. 61.
as when it was introduced first (Google has begun introducing similar networks in multiple cities). This city's success story still gives clear insight into how others can turn around their fortunes by establishing a vision,
and Patrick Ryan (Public Policy Division, Google, Inc.)1. 9 Making Big data Something 87 More than The next Big Thing Anant Gupta (HCL Technologies
and Patrick Ryan at Google, focuses on the social and economic value of data, but from the point of view of use
Google uses big data to predict the next wave of influenza. 2 IBM uses data to optimize traffic flow in the city of Stockholm,
NOTES 1 Alexander 1983.2 Google no date, Explore Flu Trends Around the World, available at http://www. google. org/flutrends/.
/3 Schaefer et al. 2011.4 Gawande 2011.5 Parry 2012.6 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2013.7 See Lanier 2010;
/Google. No date. Explore Flu Trends Around the World. Available at http://www. google. org/flutrends/.
/ITU (International Telecommunication Union. 2013. Measuring the Information Society. Geneva: ITU. Kakutani, M. 2010. A Rebel in Cyberspace, Fighting Collectivism.
A data-driven business model has been integral to companies such as Google, Facebook, and Twitter, which have burst on to the scene in recent years
Facebook and Google are two recent cases in point. 5 Minimum standard setting. In Asia, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC, a forum of 21 Asia-Pacific economies) has developed a selfregulatory framework setting out the principles that economies should implement
PEDRO LESS ANDRADE JESS HEMERLY GABRIEL RECALDE PATRICK RYAN Public Policy Division, Google, Inc. Over the last few years, myriad examples of innovation in data analysis have emerged,
but only in the past couple of years have undertaken economists serious attempts to quantify the Internet's impact on the world's economies. 23 One example of innovative data use that has a difficult-to-quantify economic value proposition is Google's Flu Trends,
Influenza Forecasting with Google Flu Trends. PLOS ONE 8 (2). Available at http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pmc/articles/PMC3572967/pdf/pone. 0056176. pdf. The Economist. 2011.
and Government affairs for Latin america at Google. He holds a Law degree from the University of Buenos aires and a Master's degree (LLM) from the University of Georgia,
Jess Hemerly Jess Hemerly is a Senior Public Policy and Government affairs analyst at Google, focusing on privacy and security, data-driven innovation, and accessibility.
along with Google founders and the CTO of the United states, and in 2013 he won the Mckinsey Award from Harvard Business Review.
Gabriel Recalde Gabriel Recalde is a Public Policy and Government affairs Analyst at Google. Currently based in Buenos aires, he works for the Spanish-speaking Latin america policy team.
Before joining Google, he worked as a project manager of science, technology, and innovation consultancy projects in Argentina, Chile, and Tanzania.
Patrick Ryan Patrick Ryan is Public Policy and Government affairs Senior Counsel For free Expression and International Relations at Google.
Dr Ryan led the global policy strategy for Google's cloud computing platform and coordinated Google's engagement in international policy matters at the Internet Governance Forum and other fora.
Prior to joining Google, he was a consultant and lawyer with more than 15 years of experience in the telecommunications sector.
In addition, Dr Ryan is an Adjunct Professor (previously Faculty Director) at the University of Colorado at Boulder's Interdisciplinary Telecommunications Program, where he taught Internet and telecommunications policy.
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