| Amazon com (14) |  |
| Bing (1) | |
| Ebay (79) | |
| Google (461) | |
| Groupon (2) | |
| Internet portal (45) | |
| Internet provider (14) | |
| Netscape (3) | |
| Wikipedia (149) | |
| Yahoo (33) | |
| Youtube (70) | |
| Amazon com (14) | |
| Bing (1) | |
| Ebay (79) | |
| Google (461) | |
| Groupon (2) | |
| Internet portal (45) | |
| Internet provider (14) | |
| Netscape (3) | |
| Wikipedia (149) | |
| Yahoo (33) | |
| Youtube (70) | |
The Google business model based on advertisements generates intellectual and visual pollution and is an important theft of time time to find how to close the advertisement window
People share their knowledge through Wikipedia, blogs and social networks. Advertisers have understood the advantages of this tool
According to Google Product Manager, their undersea fiber optical cable system needs extra protection because of shark attacks.
For that, Google cables are being wrapped in Kevlar-like material to prevent shark bites from damaging the line.
3 http://www. digiworldsummit. com. 10 The Innovation Biosphere Google has evolved from search engine to many other services related to data collected from users
but their ethics should be reviewed it is impossible to see a video on Youtube without losing 30 s,
Google are said to use 50%less energy than the typical data center. Designed to best use the natural environment and conditions,
Google also developed a machine-learning algorithm (artificial intelligence (AI)) that learns from operational data to model plant performance
NOTE. this study was sponsored by Google offering cloud services. We can certainly improve these results
The fact that Google bought the drones-maker Titan Aerospace is not insignificant. Drones also serve a military purpose that targets people, not always terrorists.
The users of Microsoft, Google, Ecosia and others have to set a search language, which will limit the results of search to the chosen language.
/2 http://www. millau-viaduc-tourisme. co. uk/.3 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pay per click. 52 The Innovation Biosphere for success?
Google recently announced their diagnostic system using nanotechnology inside the human body for early detection of diseases.
health, buying behaviors in the Google or Facebook servers without any possibility to control them by tracked persons?
and Earth science data recently made available on the Open NASA Earth Exchange (Opennex) platform on Amazon web services (AWS) in new and creative ways;
managed by the almighty Google, a world full of devices and brainless people driven by technology. 182 The Innovation Biosphere To face the crisis,
ALP 14 ALPENIA A.,Google's Nanotechnology, Red herring, available at http://www. redherring. com/hardware/googles-nanotechnology-microsoft-bandhp-goes-3d/,2 november 2014.
BER 09 BERTRAND J. A.,Home movie, available at https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=jqxenmkaecu, 2009.
Bibliography 187 BOY 12 BOYAN S.,How the oceans can clean themselves, available at https://www. youtube. com/watch?
CAS 13 CASADO C.,VIDAL E.,Planned obsolescence, available at https://www. youtube. com/watch?
FAN 64 FANTOMAS CAR, available at https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=roxq TOAOR0I, 1964.
GOO 14 GOOGLE GREEN, Designing efficient data centers, http://www. google. com/green/efficiency/datacenters/,2014.
documentary on the intelligence of plants, National, available at https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=Nex6st7 rexs, August 2014.
SLA 12 SLAT B.,How the oceans can clean themselves TEDXDELFT, available at https://www. youtube. com/watch?
Internet providers for such services are omnipresent and Internet-togo use is growing as it becomes more and more affordable.
Retrieved from http://www. google. dk/books? id LTR93XIADTEC&PGIS 1 Butner, K. 2010. The smarter supply chain of the future.
Retrieved from http://www. amazon com/The-Real-time-Enterprise-Competing-Revolutionary/dp/0929652304 Grigori, D.,Casati, F.,Castellanos, M.,Dayal, U.,Sayal, M,
-and-respond organizations (Google ebook)( p. 295). Harvard Business Press. Retrieved from http://books google. com/books?
Retrieved from http://www. amazon com/Building-Real-time-Enterprise-Executive-Briefing/dp/0471678295 Hugos, M. H. 2009.
Retrieved from http://www. amazon com/Business-Agility-Sustainable-Relent lessly-Competitive-ebook/dp/B001vlxnii/ref sr sp-btf title 1 7?
An appropriately formulated Google search can easily identify a range of offerings for a particular PTBS that compete with an organization's internal and external service offering (s). The key issues here are:
Youtube), virtual social worlds (e g. Second life) and virtual game worlds (e g. World of Warcraft. Kane, Alavi, Labianca,
and the ease of deployment by using the regular means for distribution of mobile applications like Appstore or Google Play.
For instance, they criticized that the insurance industry's hunger to chart customers in real-time may prove larger than Facebook and Google (Computersweden, 2013.
The Ioc includes traditional web pages, articles, encyclopedia like Wikipedia, Youtube, e-books, newsfeeds, etc. The Internet of People (Iop:
or even Youtube videos) to convey messages such as we should be doing this too. Cases or videos and stories of cases can provide only limited evidence,
A classical example is that of Google analytics that offers free analysis of web browsing behavior, ready at the fingertips of any decision-maker.
Facebook, Linkedin, Google+,Youtube, Pinterest, etc. but many organizations have jumped also on the social bandwagon,
His work is cited highly (highest H-index among European computer scientists, 115 according to Google Scholar. In 2012, he received the doctor honoris causa from Hasselt University, Belgium.
luminicolescu@yahoo. com Ciprian Nicolescu Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, 6, Piata Romana, 1st district, 010374, Romania+4. 021.319.19.00 E-mail:
Take Apple and Google often held up as the paradigmatic cases of open vs. closed strategies. 4 The basic analysis runs that Apple is closed'keeping tight control of Apple products (not allowing modifications, for example;
while Google is‘open'allowing other developers and organisations to develop their own innovations on its software. 5
Google's strategy is for its Android operating system to be part of an‘open'element of its value chain (something
Atlantic Books 5 http://googleblog. blogspot. com/2009/12/meaning-of-open. html 6 http://techcrunch. com/2011/03/25/search-googles-castle
In his August 2011 Mactaggart lecture, Google Chairman Eric Schmidt takes this line, suggesting Britain's failings are at the level of national policy:‘
and uploading them on Youtube, Slideshare, and so on. For a good example, see the videos on the Web site of the Belgian Design Forum.
DES) Develop a web portal to attract international talent with in demand skills to Ireland. EI, IDA, D/Social Protection, D/Foreign affairs, Irish Software Association, ICT Ireland) Develop Junior Cycle short courses in Digital Media Literacy and Coding.
An easy to use web portal businessregulation. ie) for all key business regulatory compliance issues has been introduced to help reduce the regulatory burden on the enterprise sector.
This will provide businesses with a single web portal through which businesses will be able to apply for
In response, KTI has published a first set of model agreements and guidelines on its web portal. Combined with the guidance notes also published,
Companies such as Google, SAP, Microsoft, Facebook, Dell and IBM are emerging partners with EI in supporting startups.
and Google's and Intel's R&d investments growing by 40%and 27%,respectively, in each of the last two years.
%Corporate leaders in ICT R&d investment Nokia Ericsson Canon Huawei Alcatel Lucent Microsoft Intel Cisco IBM Google-10%0%10%20
The key service offered is a web portal that enables companies to identify experts, research centres and technology-licensing opportunities to benefit their business.
W e it will arrive ly saw a bett o being Irela was a busin a short 15 m d day with pit ng to see the A lot of peo ow you mee I couldn't sto Google is goi
The table below shows the number of hits obtained by searching for composite indicators through Google (taken here as a proxy of overall diffusion of the concept)
and Scholar Google (taken as a proxy of academic interest). Google Scholar Google October 2005 35,500 992 June 2006 80,800 1, 440 September 2007 2 million 167,000 We alluded in the introduction to the controversy surrounding the use
of these measures, pitting aggregators against non-aggregators. The authors of this Handbook believe that individual variables
-based email services (hotmail, gmail, yahoo, etc. A more complete definition, however, offered by the European commission,
a step-by-step start-up Guide and a Web portal where technical guidance on measurement and relevant links are provided. www. oecd. org/innovation/green/toolkit/aboutsustainablemanufacturing andthetoolkit. htm PRE-SME
en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Green dot %28symbol%29 p. 34: The Footprint Chronicles source: www. patagonia. com/us/footprint;
a centralized group and document management system, take Youtube, a centralized media hosting facility. To counter the big commercial players,
Scopus and Google Scholar. assessments of research performance. Widely used, especially in the exact sciences which tend to be well covered,
Webometrics and Google Scholar) currently cover only a limited part of universitybased research outputs, in the future they could become important sources of information
Increasingly web-based interfaces, such as Google Scholar, institutional repositories or other standardised webbased technologies, are used.
Since 2004, Google Scholar has provided a freely-accessible Web search engine that indexes the full text of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines.
7 general search engines (Google*,Yahoo Search*,Live (MSN) Search*,Exalead*,Ask (Teoma), Gigablast and Alexa) and 2 specialised scientific databases (Google Scholar*and Live Academic.
and number of publications being collected by Google Scholar database. As it has been commented already, the four indicators were obtained from the quantitative results provided by the main search engines as follows:
Google, Yahoo, Live Search and Exalead. For each engine, results are log-normalised to 1 for the highest value.
Visibility (V). The total number of unique external links received (inlinks) by a site can be obtained only confidently from Yahoo Search, Live Search and Exalead.
) These data were extracted using Google and merging the results for each filetype after log-normalising in the same way as described before.
Google Scholar provides the number of papers and citations for each academic domain. These results from the Scholar database represent papers, reports and other academic items.
Google Inc. cited troubles in obtaining work visas for its prospective employees as a reason to set up its first engineering research and development centre outside the US in Bangalore in India (The Hindu,
) Many firms, including as reputed names as Google and Infosys, are complaining of a shortage of suitable candidates.
Google to set up R&d centre in Bangalore, in: The Hindu, 13.12.2003. Tiwari, R. 2007: The Early Phases of Innovation:
Towards Smart Specialisation Cristina SERBANICA Constantin Brâncoveanu University of Pitesti, Romania cpantelica@yahoo. co. uk Abstract The aim of this paper is to highlight universities'contribution to the success of innovation
wikipedia The questions we would like the peer critical friends to discuss: How can the RIS3 process be tailored to a country, with substantial economic and social disparities and with no real economic regions (apart from the Capital region?
docid=6137&langid=en. 11 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Zero-hour contract 12 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/sme/promoting-entrepreneurship
27 https://www. transitionnetwork. org/28 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Transition towns (network) 29 As in the ZBILETEMTANIEJ example. 30 for example in Russia:
56 www. techshop. ws 57 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Fab lab 66 Case analysis Social needs addressed and summary Five cases are analysed in the sharing
The site also has a Google Refine reconciliation function that matches legal entities to company names.
domain owners, domain users, Intermediaries, Registrars, Google, facebook, Twitter, etc. dothiv itself-Raise awareness and de-stigmatise-Provide a CSR service to companies Both examples use standard ICT.
http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Top-level domain 97 projects/organisations will be spread via random networks using social media.
if a holistic approach is taken with multi-stakeholder partnerships at the heart of effective education. 110 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Personalized learning 115 Vignette:
such as the Google suite, Algodoo116, Brainpop117 and Dragon Box118. In the area of new learning environments, most cases display highly innovative technological state of the-art-the art solutions going beyond content creation to experience creation to create new ways of learning or to at least experiment with new ways
All of the most innovative ideas, from Skype to Wikipedia, from online cartography to app stores, had a very quick, viral spreading.
Moreover, the project explicitly addresses, according to the model of Wikipedia, the existence of different levels of contribution.
like the one of Wikipedia, that show reward mechanisms based on credibility, recognition and respect, that are not too different from the reward mechanisms of the scientific community (Forte & Bruckman, 2005.
Wikipedia. Users of online communities interested in knowing more about their data and in defending their online rights.
Such evaluation can be delegated to algorithms, like in the case of Google Pagerank, where search results are ordered according to different criteria such as relative relevance, search histories, etc.
Forte, A. & Bruckman, A. 2005) Why Do People Write for Wikipedia? Incentives to Contribute to Open Content Publishing.
With issues of copyright and accessibility in mind, Harry Verwayen presents the European Internet portal Europeana,
strategies that in part, can be understood as reactions to the activities of commercial enterprises such as Google.
At the same time, new collaborative and civil society based projects such as Wikipedia have emerged also, whose dynamics remain unparalleled even by commercial actors.
Archetypes of these three different actors are Wikipedia, Google and Europeana. While on the one hand these actors are competitors and hold suspicions of one another, on the other hand,
The most important example by far is Wikipedia. For a long time Wikipedia was viewed critically and even ridiculed, however now, Wikipedia enjoys a considerable reputation
and has established itself in the field of encyclopaedias. Other companies have also, with immense courage and high investment, started to digitise
and make more information accessible online. The Google books Project, the most famous example of mass digitisation, is by no means the only one.
While Google's projects were, and still remain controversial and contested, they have been very successful and many museums are currently cooperating with them, for example within the Google Art Project.
Google is a dominant commercial player in the field, but there are many others-competition is just a mouse click away.
Although clearly museums have so far not been the vanguard in the process of digitisation the need for them to become more active players is Where do museums stand in the digital age?
Private companies, heritage institutions and the civil society. Paul Klimpel 10 crucial. Museums'tasks of collection, preservation, study and exhibition of cultural heritage remain vital ones,
In the modern times of Ebay and countless other e-commerce enterprises where a buyer can be found for almost anything,
Soberly consider the new players in the digital age, Wikipedia, Google and the countless others.
For example, the Bavarian State Library and Google entered into a very beneficial partnership, but as they did not publicise the cooperation agreement from the very beginning the reputation of the partnership suffered.
or even when a museum's web portal provides access to content online. Privacy law-is threatened by the reuse of digital cultural content (especially contemporary arts, books, photographs, newspapers,
which has until now been dominated by private companies, like Google or Wikipedia. Through Europeana, the EU has established a platform that will not only democratise information
978-0-9849993-7-8 11 http://fr. wikipedia. org/wiki/Jeune entreprise innovante 12 http://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda/en
That is the nature of the Internet where Wikipedia and Encyclopedia Britannica stand next to each other
Watching silly videos on Youtube is equally accessible as watching the educational videos on science,
and Google Scholar (http://scholar. google. com). 2. The conference took place at Georgetown University's Mcdonough School of business in WASHINGTON DC.
OFFICE, MEMBER OF LEX MUNDI Bing Zhai JUN HE LAW OFFICE, MEMBER OF LEX MUNDI Sarah Zhang HOGAN LOVELLS Yi Zhang KING & WOOD
and support-web portal as single point of information on existing financial instruments for entrepreneurs Actively promote these financial instruments through:
http://www. google. ie/#hl=en&biw=1020&bih=539&sa=X&ei=kwamtfqh F9-qhafzisizcw&ved=0cbqqvwuoaq&q=An+EHEALTH+Transition+strategy.%
Internet providers must also take responsibility for ensuring that users can operate securely online. We are making industry
Maximizing Mobile, 75.85 Crowdsourcing, Wikipedia, https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Crowdsourcing, accessed on December 3, 2012.
and labelling for major online retail and auction sites like Amazon, ebay, and Taoboa, to customer database management, to content creation.
whose Microforester app would aid reforestation projects. 88 Microwork, Wikipedia, https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Microwork, accessed on December 3, 2012 89 World bank, New Frontiers and Opportunities in Work.
ICT is Dramatically Reshaping the Global Job market (ICT Policy Notes, World bank, June 2012). 90 Ibid. 91 Monitor Group
Samasource secures contracts with companies including Google, Intuit, and CISCO; it has provided services to Linkedin and the U s. State department,
Large companies such as Amazon, Apple, Google, Microsoft, and RIM, who develop and maintain mobile app ecosystems/platforms.
In addition to jobs that require higher education such as engineering, the pervasive use of ICT applications from web portals, text messages (SMS), mobile phone based monitoring systems,
Household tech names such as Google, Intel, Microsoft, Nokia and Vodafone all have a presence there,
and tactics used to increase the amount of visitors to a website by obtaining a high-ranking placement in the search results pages of internet search engines such as Google,
Firefox, Yahoo and other search engines. SEO helps to ensure that a site is accessible to a search engine
Many LMSS integrate web 2. 0 tools and applications such as prezi (prezi. com), slideshare (slideshare. net), youtube (youtube. com
ITU Google summer of code, launched in 2005, is a global programme that has granted over 6 000 stipends to post-secondary developers for writing code for open source software projects.
code. google. com/soc 7. 3 Learning and innovation places The classic notion of the learning place is associated with organized institutions such as schools, universities,
Social networks, blogs, podcasts, video sharing (Youtube, Vimeo), photo sharing (Flickr, Picasa), social bookmarks (Evernote, del icio us), presentation sharing (Prezi, slideshare), discussion
and Google, also offer certificates. The self-directed learner can earn some of these certificates online directly.
and then launched hackathons (such as the Summer of code with support from Google) to develop apps for these two systems.
An increasing number of companies known for their hard-nosed approach to business such as Google, IBM, Intel, Johnson & johnson, Nestlé, Unilever,
A growing number of companies known for their hard-nosed approach to business such as GE, Google, IBM
Kindle, and Google Scholar (which offers texts of scholarly literature online) demonstrate, profitable new distribution models can also dramatically reduce paper and plastic usage.
a centralized group and document management system, take Youtube, a centralized media hosting facility. To counter the big commercial players,
All of the most innovative ideas, from Skype to Wikipedia, from online cartography to app stores, had a very quick, viral spreading.
Moreover, the project explicitly addresses, according to the model of Wikipedia, the existence of different levels of contribution.
like the one of Wikipedia, that show reward mechanisms based on credibility, recognition and respect, that are not too different from the reward mechanisms of the scientific community (Forte & Bruckman, 2005.
Wikipedia. Users of online communities interested in knowing more about their data and in defending their online rights.
Such evaluation can be delegated to algorithms, like in the case of Google Pagerank, where search results are ordered according to different criteria such as relative relevance, search histories, etc.
Forte, A. & Bruckman, A. 2005) Why Do People Write for Wikipedia? Incentives to Contribute to Open Content Publishing.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Digital technologies and the Internet have transformed many areas of business from Google and Amazon to Airbnb and Kickstarter.
where commercial Internet providers weren't providing a connection. The idea was to build a‘mesh network'where each person in the network used a small radio transmitter that functioned like a wireless router to become a node in the Guifi net.
so that both commercial entities (like Google) and noncommercial entities (like Wikipedia) were able to exploit the network effect.
and sites that require large user-bases like Wikipedia or Airbnb, but it may not apply easily to some other services such as edemocracy platforms, caring networks and local currencies.
an increasing concentration of power in services in the hands of a few data aggregators, none of which are based in Europe (Google controlling nearly 82%of the global search market and 98%of the mobile search market,
Google has developed the open source Android operating system and spawned innovation in applications worldwide; Facebook has enabled the building of thousands of apps
For example, even the European Smart Cities project risks being dominated by US companies such as IBM, Google and Ciscos, partly because of the lack of alternatives.
Take for example the commercial success of Google: Google has built already one of the world's largest networks of computers and data centres for online-search results,
and can repurpose their technology in order to expand into other data-driven services in order to increase their value, profit and marketability.
One of the most well-known is supported the Google programme Google for Entrepreneurs36 that in 2011 created a campus where innovation
Big OTT are Google, Skype, Youtube, Netflix, Facebook, Amazon and EBAY. 4 Sestini, Fabrizio.``Collective awareness platforms:
. wikipedia. org/wiki/Knowledge commons 46 http://bit. ly/1kivc4h 47 http://www. w3. org/48 http://open-stand. org/about-us/principles/49 For more information
http://bit. ly/V2knnk 50 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Reinventing innovation policy Policy Tools and Action 20 http://ec. europa. eu
-agenda/en/about-startup-europe Interoperabilidad 51 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Interfaz de programaci%C3%B3n de aplicaciones 52 http://es. wikipedia. org
/wiki/Extensible markup language 53 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Resource description framework 54 http://linkeddata. org/55 http://www. w3. org/TR/rdf
-sparql-query/56 http://www. theopeninter. net/57 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Dataportability 58 http://www. w3. org/Social
/WG 59 http://dcentproject. eu 60 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hypertext transfer protocol secure 61 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Red privada virtual 62
http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/End-to-end encryption 63 https://abc4trust. eu/64 http://www. ftc. gov/system/files/documents/reports
http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Arduino#mediaviewer/File: Arduino316. jpg Accessed 29th january 2015 Page 47 (2014) Smart Citizen kit online Flickr, Al Billings Available from:
Workplace innovation concerns not only the private sector but also large parts of the social economy such as charities and foundations as well as the the public sector. Celebrated examples include Google,
https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=b9c3pppxk1w. 12 The Solution Revolution: How business, government and social enterprises are teaming up to solve society's toughest problems, William D. Eggers and Paul Macmillan (Harvard Business review press, 2013.
or‘Code4share'to‘Wikipedia'is indeed a characteristic of the recent period which goes beyond just inventing new business models.
Workplace innovation concerns not only the private sector but also large parts of the social economy such as charities and foundations as well as the public sector. Celebrated examples include Google,
Youtube can be used as a virtual video booth. 58) Suggestion boxes within organizations are the most basic method for soliciting innovations.
Examples include tracking the performance of different plug-in hybrid cars through Google, and C40 city governments.
An example of open-testing, Google's initiative hopes to educate consumers body about the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of technology that is also environmentally friendly.
This is one of Google's test cars. This fleet of hybrid plug-in vehicles is monitoring greenhouse gas emissions.
Image courtesy of Google, Inc 3 54 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION Finance for emerging ideas A wide range of financial tools can be used at these early stages:
ways of connecting each web site to others (through links and RSS feeds) as well as establishing a presence on other social networking sites like Youtube and Facebook
These include the now familiar reputational devices being used on networks like ebay, and more formal legal devices (like public databases).
or collaborative projects such as Wikipedia. It is easy to see the generative potential of platforms:
and has now been implemented in every ward in 35 KP hospitals. 393) Tithes of working time to generate collaborative public innovation an extension of the Google model where engineers are encouraged to spend 20 per cent of their time developing their own projects.
human resources and IT consulting services. 417) Philanthropic‘ebays'.'Philanthropic platforms such as Volunteermatch which help people find volunteering opportunities in their local area. 418) Donor platforms, such as Globalgiving, Altruistiq Exchange, Network For good, Firstgiving and Guidestar.
seeking a blend of social and financial returns (see also method 361). 3 476)‘ ebays'for social investment, for example, Clearlyso,
207 d. o. b. Foundation 80 Dolan, Paul 104 Dr Foster 89 ebay 114 Echoing Green 176 ehow 138 Elderpower
163 Good Deed Foundation 80 Good Food Guide 190 Google 53; 165 Gore, Al 26;
Philanthropic ebays 172 Plane Stupid 27; 28 Planning for Real 43 Platforms 40; 95; 117;
154 White house Office of Social Innovation 132 Wikipedia 138 Wikiprogress 120 Wiser Earth 178 Wordpress 138-139 Workplace as Museum 75 Work
, 133,137, 147,160, 176-177,220, 221 Young, Michael 39,190 Your Ethical Money 186 Youtube 39,75 Yumshare 198 Yunus, Muhammad 34,210 Zero Carbon
Camp, The Design Council, The Hope Institute, Plane Stupid, Americaspeaks, Dialogue Café, Helsinki Design Lab, Google Inc, Un Techo para Chile, Riversimple
Wikipedia and the Open university; holistic health care, and hospices; microcredit and consumer cooperatives; the fair trade movement;
what became Wikipedia was a failure in its first outing. In business, people talk of the chasm that innovations have to cross as they pass from being promising pilot ideas to becoming mainstream products or services.
described by Wikipedia as the creative practice of appropriation and free sharing of found and created content.
Often, this authority is a natural consequence of the leader being the founder of the project, such as Linus Torvalds for Linux or Jimmy wales for Wikipedia.
The case of Wikipedia, and its internal struggle between deletionists and inclusionists, has been studied widely and analysed as an example of an open-sourced peer project characterised by having unclear governance rules and an uncoordinated structure,
Wikipedia defines it as financial capital provided to early-stage high-potential, growth start-up companies.
Another type of living lab is the fab lab. According to Wikipedia a fab lab (short for fabrication laboratory) is a small-scale workshop offering (personal) digital fabrication.
According to Wikipedia, seed funding is a form of securities offering in which an investor purchases part of a business.
Also, Wikipedia refers to specific initiatives/activities such as town hall meetings, opinion polls, participatory budgeting, referenda, protests or voting.
and standardised public digital ID for all citizens Powers of companies such as Google and Facebook have a lot of control over an individual's online identity.
an increasing concentration of power in the hands of a few data aggregators (e g. over the top players), none of which is located in Europe (Google controlling nearly 82%of the global search market and 98%of the mobile search market,
or that all smaller communities were composed simply on a single lone organisation being linked to another very heavily linked super-connector organisation (as would be the case in a graph of links to and from Wikipedia, for example.
and start independent development on it, creating a distinct piece of software (Wikipedia) 47. http://www. barcelonastartupfestival. com/48. http://startupfestival. com/home/)67 49. http
. https://www. crowdrise. com/116. http://www. innocentive. com/117. http://en. wikipedia. org/118. https://www. mturk. com/mturk
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