Wikipedia

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Synopsis: Ict: Communication systems: Telecommunication: Computer networks: Internet: Web: Web provider: Wikipedia:

People share their knowledge through Wikipedia, blogs and social networks. Advertisers have understood the advantages of this tool

/2 http://www. millau-viaduc-tourisme. co. uk/.3 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pay per click. 52 The Innovation Biosphere for success?

The Ioc includes traditional web pages, articles, encyclopedia like Wikipedia, Youtube, e-books, newsfeeds, etc. The Internet of People (Iop:

en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Green dot %28symbol%29 p. 34: The Footprint Chronicles source: www. patagonia. com/us/footprint;

wikipedia The questions we would like the peer critical friends to discuss: How can the RIS3 process be tailored to a country, with substantial economic and social disparities and with no real economic regions (apart from the Capital region?

docid=6137&langid=en. 11 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Zero-hour contract 12 http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/sme/promoting-entrepreneurship

27 https://www. transitionnetwork. org/28 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Transition towns (network) 29 As in the ZBILETEMTANIEJ example. 30 for example in Russia:

56 www. techshop. ws 57 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Fab lab 66 Case analysis Social needs addressed and summary Five cases are analysed in the sharing

http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Top-level domain 97 projects/organisations will be spread via random networks using social media.

if a holistic approach is taken with multi-stakeholder partnerships at the heart of effective education. 110 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Personalized learning 115 Vignette:

All of the most innovative ideas, from Skype to Wikipedia, from online cartography to app stores, had a very quick, viral spreading.

Moreover, the project explicitly addresses, according to the model of Wikipedia, the existence of different levels of contribution.

like the one of Wikipedia, that show reward mechanisms based on credibility, recognition and respect, that are not too different from the reward mechanisms of the scientific community (Forte & Bruckman, 2005.

Wikipedia. Users of online communities interested in knowing more about their data and in defending their online rights.

Forte, A. & Bruckman, A. 2005) Why Do People Write for Wikipedia? Incentives to Contribute to Open Content Publishing.

At the same time, new collaborative and civil society based projects such as Wikipedia have emerged also, whose dynamics remain unparalleled even by commercial actors.

Archetypes of these three different actors are Wikipedia, Google and Europeana. While on the one hand these actors are competitors and hold suspicions of one another, on the other hand,

The most important example by far is Wikipedia. For a long time Wikipedia was viewed critically and even ridiculed, however now, Wikipedia enjoys a considerable reputation

and has established itself in the field of encyclopaedias. Other companies have also, with immense courage and high investment, started to digitise

and make more information accessible online. The Google books Project, the most famous example of mass digitisation, is by no means the only one.

Soberly consider the new players in the digital age, Wikipedia, Google and the countless others.

which has until now been dominated by private companies, like Google or Wikipedia. Through Europeana, the EU has established a platform that will not only democratise information

978-0-9849993-7-8 11 http://fr. wikipedia. org/wiki/Jeune entreprise innovante 12 http://ec. europa. eu/digital-agenda/en

That is the nature of the Internet where Wikipedia and Encyclopedia Britannica stand next to each other

Maximizing Mobile, 75.85 Crowdsourcing, Wikipedia, https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Crowdsourcing, accessed on December 3, 2012.

whose Microforester app would aid reforestation projects. 88 Microwork, Wikipedia, https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Microwork, accessed on December 3, 2012 89 World bank, New Frontiers and Opportunities in Work.

ICT is Dramatically Reshaping the Global Job market (ICT Policy Notes, World bank, June 2012). 90 Ibid. 91 Monitor Group

All of the most innovative ideas, from Skype to Wikipedia, from online cartography to app stores, had a very quick, viral spreading.

Moreover, the project explicitly addresses, according to the model of Wikipedia, the existence of different levels of contribution.

like the one of Wikipedia, that show reward mechanisms based on credibility, recognition and respect, that are not too different from the reward mechanisms of the scientific community (Forte & Bruckman, 2005.

Wikipedia. Users of online communities interested in knowing more about their data and in defending their online rights.

Forte, A. & Bruckman, A. 2005) Why Do People Write for Wikipedia? Incentives to Contribute to Open Content Publishing.

so that both commercial entities (like Google) and noncommercial entities (like Wikipedia) were able to exploit the network effect.

and sites that require large user-bases like Wikipedia or Airbnb, but it may not apply easily to some other services such as edemocracy platforms, caring networks and local currencies.

wikipedia. org/wiki/Knowledge commons 46 http://bit. ly/1kivc4h 47 http://www. w3. org/48 http://open-stand. org/about-us/principles/49 For more information

http://bit. ly/V2knnk 50 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Reinventing innovation policy Policy Tools and Action 20 http://ec. europa. eu

-agenda/en/about-startup-europe Interoperabilidad 51 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Interfaz de programaci%C3%B3n de aplicaciones 52 http://es. wikipedia. org

/wiki/Extensible markup language 53 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Resource description framework 54 http://linkeddata. org/55 http://www. w3. org/TR/rdf

-sparql-query/56 http://www. theopeninter. net/57 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Dataportability 58 http://www. w3. org/Social

/WG 59 http://dcentproject. eu 60 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hypertext transfer protocol secure 61 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Red privada virtual 62

http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/End-to-end encryption 63 https://abc4trust. eu/64 http://www. ftc. gov/system/files/documents/reports

http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Arduino#mediaviewer/File: Arduino316. jpg Accessed 29th january 2015 Page 47 (2014) Smart Citizen kit online Flickr, Al Billings Available from:

or‘Code4share'to‘Wikipedia'is indeed a characteristic of the recent period which goes beyond just inventing new business models.

or collaborative projects such as Wikipedia. It is easy to see the generative potential of platforms:

154 White house Office of Social Innovation 132 Wikipedia 138 Wikiprogress 120 Wiser Earth 178 Wordpress 138-139 Workplace as Museum 75 Work

Wikipedia and the Open university; holistic health care, and hospices; microcredit and consumer cooperatives; the fair trade movement;

what became Wikipedia was a failure in its first outing. In business, people talk of the chasm that innovations have to cross as they pass from being promising pilot ideas to becoming mainstream products or services.

described by Wikipedia as the creative practice of appropriation and free sharing of found and created content.

Often, this authority is a natural consequence of the leader being the founder of the project, such as Linus Torvalds for Linux or Jimmy wales for Wikipedia.

The case of Wikipedia, and its internal struggle between deletionists and inclusionists, has been studied widely and analysed as an example of an open-sourced peer project characterised by having unclear governance rules and an uncoordinated structure,

Wikipedia defines it as financial capital provided to early-stage high-potential, growth start-up companies.

Another type of living lab is the fab lab. According to Wikipedia a fab lab (short for fabrication laboratory) is a small-scale workshop offering (personal) digital fabrication.

According to Wikipedia, seed funding is a form of securities offering in which an investor purchases part of a business.

Also, Wikipedia refers to specific initiatives/activities such as town hall meetings, opinion polls, participatory budgeting, referenda, protests or voting.

or that all smaller communities were composed simply on a single lone organisation being linked to another very heavily linked super-connector organisation (as would be the case in a graph of links to and from Wikipedia, for example.

and start independent development on it, creating a distinct piece of software (Wikipedia) 47. http://www. barcelonastartupfestival. com/48. http://startupfestival. com/home/)67 49. http

. https://www. crowdrise. com/116. http://www. innocentive. com/117. http://en. wikipedia. org/118. https://www. mturk. com/mturk

For example, social innovations, such as Wikipedia, can democratise the processes of developing and managing technology and knowledge.

and distributed group spaces of former years (https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Chaos communication congress). Maker Fairs are very interesting expressions of this new form of networking events that emerged out of the big diffusion of the Makers Movement.

what the P2p Foundation do continued on a basis by donating in a similar way to that adopted by Wikipedia with users being given the option to donate preset or other amounts through a Paypal platform.

and distributed group spaces of former years (https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Chaos communication congress). Maker Fairs are very interesting expressions of this new form of networking events that emerged out of the big diffusion of the Makers Movement.

what the P2p Foundation do continued on a basis by donating in a similar way to that adopted by Wikipedia with users being given the option to donate preset or other amounts through a Paypal platform.

en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Green dot %28symbol%29 p. 34: The Footprint Chronicles source: www. patagonia. com/us/footprint;

it was free (Wikipedia, 2013a). Adventure had no graphics, just words on an amber screen.

and play the games collaboratively or competitively (Wikipedia, 2013b). And coming soon was called something a smart terminal,

and the miniaturized devices courtesy of Moore's Law to utilize it (Wikipedia, 2013c). But the confluence of these developments would bring dramatic consequences to education.

This kinesthetic learning approach builds on a well-established body of educational research called legitimate peripheral participation (LPP)( Wikipedia, 2014a;

Wikipedia, 2014b. In LPP, students engage actively in the real work of a discipline under the mentorship of a faculty member with expertise in the discipline.

Wikipedia (2013a. History of massively multiplayer online role playing games. Retrieved on 9 june 2013 from https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History of massively multiplayer online games Wikipedia (2013b.

Massively multiplayer online role-playing game. Retrieved on 9 june 2013 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Massively multiplayer online role-playing game Wikipedia (2013c.

Moore's law. Retrieved on 9 june 2013 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Moore%27s law Wikipedia (2014a.

Kinesthetic learning. Retrieved on 24 february 2014 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Kinesthetic learning Wikipedia (2014b.

Legitimate peripheral participation. Retrieved on 24 february 2014 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Legitimate peripheral participation Correspondence:

John V. Pavlik, Professor, Department of Journalism and Media Studies, School of Communication and Information, Rutgers University, New brunswick, New jersey, United states

so that both commercial entities (like Google) and noncommercial entities (like Wikipedia) were able to exploit the network effect.

and sites that require large user-bases like Wikipedia or Airbnb, but it may not apply easily to some other services such as edemocracy platforms, caring networks and local currencies.

wikipedia. org/wiki/Knowledge commons 46 http://bit. ly/1kivc4h 47 http://www. w3. org/48 http://open-stand. org/about-us/principles/49 For more information

http://bit. ly/V2knnk 50 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Reinventing innovation policy Policy Tools and Action 20 http://ec. europa. eu

-agenda/en/about-startup-europe Interoperabilidad 51 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Interfaz de programaci%C3%B3n de aplicaciones 52 http://es. wikipedia. org

/wiki/Extensible markup language 53 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Resource description framework 54 http://linkeddata. org/55 http://www. w3. org/TR/rdf

-sparql-query/56 http://www. theopeninter. net/57 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Dataportability 58 http://www. w3. org/Social

/WG 59 http://dcentproject. eu 60 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hypertext transfer protocol secure 61 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Red privada virtual 62

http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/End-to-end encryption 63 https://abc4trust. eu/64 http://www. ftc. gov/system/files/documents/reports

http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Arduino#mediaviewer/File: Arduino316. jpg Accessed 29th january 2015 Page 47 (2014) Smart Citizen kit online Flickr, Al Billings Available from:

Revenge of the Nerds, IT DIRECTOR. 89 Wikipedia, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Digital signature. 90 American Bar Association Section of Science and Technology Information security Committee E-business

Wikipedia, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Digital signature. Williamson, O. E. 1985. The Economic Institutions of Capitalism.

and make little or no use of external knowledge (Wikipedia, n d.).Innovation has been studied in several forms in the entrepreneurship literature.

Exporters are thus significantly more innovative than subcontractors. central tendency bias, acquiescence bias and social desirability bias (www. wikipedia. org, 12-2-2013.

17 1. 18 Wikipedia articles total and English language, 2003-2013 (thousands of articles...17 1. 19 Fixed-broadband access in enterprises using the Internet, selected countries, 2005-2012.19 1. 20 E-government Development Index (EGDI),

Wikipedia and Linkedin as well as various news and online e-market sites at the national level (see below on e-business).

Wikipedia, the largest and most widely used online encyclopaedia, featured more than 30 million articles by end 2013 (Chart 1. 18).

By February 2014, Wikipedia registered more than 20 billion page views per month by Internet users. At the same time, the proportion of articles in English has decreased significantly from 46 per cent in 2003 to 15 per cent in 2013

Wikipedia articles total and English language, 2003-2013 (thousands of articles) Source: Wikipedia statistics at http://stats. wikimedia. org/EN/Tablesarticlestotal. htm. 0 5'000 10'000 15'000 20'000 25'000

30'000 35'000 Total English Chapter 1. Recent information society developments 18 content generated by countries and regions and highlight the differences.

For further information, see http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Deep packet inspection. 16 It should be noted that there is not a harmonized methodology for the allocation of revenues from bundled packages to each specific service Taking into account the increasing trend towards the bundling

For further information, see http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Deep packet inspection. 43 Based on interviews between LIRNEASIA and operators in South and Southeast asia. 44 For example

For more information, see http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sector antenna. 46 A media access control (MAC) address is a unique identifier that is assigned to network interfaces mostly by a hardware manufacturer.

For more information, see http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/MAC ADDRESS. 47 An international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) number is a 15-digit number unique to the particular SIM in a subscriber's handset.

For more information, see http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/International mobile subscriber identity. 213 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 List of references Arpce (2011), Agence de Régulation

so that both commercial entities (like Google) and noncommercial entities (like Wikipedia) were able to exploit the network effect.

and sites that require large user-bases like Wikipedia or Airbnb, but it may not apply easily to some other services such as edemocracy platforms, caring networks and local currencies.

wikipedia. org/wiki/Knowledge commons 46 http://bit. ly/1kivc4h 47 http://www. w3. org/48 http://open-stand. org/about-us/principles/49 For more information

http://bit. ly/V2knnk 50 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Reinventing innovation policy Policy Tools and Action 20 http://ec. europa. eu

-agenda/en/about-startup-europe Interoperabilidad 51 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Interfaz de programaci%C3%B3n de aplicaciones 52 http://es. wikipedia. org

/wiki/Extensible markup language 53 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Resource description framework 54 http://linkeddata. org/55 http://www. w3. org/TR/rdf

-sparql-query/56 http://www. theopeninter. net/57 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Dataportability 58 http://www. w3. org/Social

/WG 59 http://dcentproject. eu 60 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hypertext transfer protocol secure 61 http://es. wikipedia. org/wiki/Red privada virtual 62

http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/End-to-end encryption 63 https://abc4trust. eu/64 http://www. ftc. gov/system/files/documents/reports

http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Arduino#mediaviewer/File: Arduino316. jpg Accessed 29th january 2015 Page 47 (2014) Smart Citizen kit online Flickr, Al Billings Available from:

Wikipedia).()( 2) Translations available in English are unofficial. There are several unofficial translations available on the Internet with certain differences.

considering especially the so-called‘Coase Theorem'regarding the allocation of rights in economic analysis. 27) Wikipedia, Novelty (patent).(

http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Square, Inc. 5) Rationalizer Phillips and ABN AMRO 2009 http://www. mirrorofemotions. com/Contact Dr Gohar Sargsyan

Wikipedia. With 23 million articles in 285 languages and over 100 000 authors, Wikipedia is a testament to the collective power of individual minds and to the innovative spirit of crowd wisdom:

had we been tasked with predicting the success of Wikipedia over Microsoft Encarta, the latter probably would have been considered the likelier of the two candidates to succeed,

as Microsoft is funded a well company with extensive resources and an established infrastructure. Yet reality shows the opposite:

with 365 million readers, Wikipedia is now the world's go-to source for knowledge,

Wikipedia is the tipping point for the power of the modern crowd. While the key illustrations here support the notion of looking outward for innovation and value,

7) http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Co-creation (8) Venkat Ramaswamy, Francis Gouillart, The Power of Co-Creation:

Books LLC (extracts from Wikipedia. Books LLC 2010b. German Computer scientists. Memphis, TN: Books LLC (extracts from Wikipedia.

Bresnahan, T F and M Trajtenberg 1995. General purpose technologies. engines of growth. Journal of Econometrics, 65 (1), 83 108.

chairman of the US Atomic energy commission, 1954 5 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Automatic meter reading 6 See case study

Numerous applications, including Mozilla, Open-office, Wikipedia, Linux (to name only a few), were developed collaboratively by Open source Community programmers and volunteers.

Here research focuses on describing services enabling automated 1 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Primary sector of the economy 2 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Secondary sector of the economy 3 http://en

. wikipedia. org/wiki/Tertiary sector of the economy 4 http://www. eurofound. europa. eu/emire/GREECE/TERTIARIZATION-GR. htm 5 http://en. wikipedia. org

and Andrea Vinassa writing on www. workinfo. com xxxiii http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History of feminism 120 xxxivwww. disabilityhistory. org;

or collaborative projects such as Wikipedia. It is easy to see the generative potential of platforms:

154 White house Office of Social Innovation 132 Wikipedia 138 Wikiprogress 120 Wiser Earth 178 Wordpress 138-139 Workplace as Museum 75 Work

On the positive side they 1 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Three points for a win 25 urge decision-makers to think bigger and set the bar higher,

Wikipedia. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Collaborative software 17. Siglin T (2011) Video collaboration tools. Streaming Media, pp 60 64 18.

By democratizing and distributing the codification of encyclopedic knowledge through Wikipedia, its efforts have not only disrupted an incumbent industry,

http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Surat#cite note-censusindia2-27 In the recent past, the city has become an economic dynamo,

According to Wikipedia, Surat is the biggest centre of manmade fibre in India. It has a total of 381 dyeing

Wikipedia does not contribute any economic value. 20 This makes no sense in today's world,

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