The project investigated the educational potential of two ubiquitous mobile devices: Palm smart phones and ipod digital audio players (mp3 players.
Each teacher or team created pedagogies to implement appropriate use of a mobile device in different subject areas in higher education.
mobile learning, mobile technologies, mobile learning, authentic learning, design-based research, higher education Introduction Personal mobile devices such as ipods and mobile phones are now ubiquitous amongst student
Even if a teacher is a competent and avid user of personal mobile devices, he or she may feel ill-prepared to use them with students in pedagogically innovative and appropriate ways.
but few universities currently provide PD on personal mobile devices, generally preferring to focus on more mainstream educational technologies such as computers, learning management systems software packages and audiovisual tools.
It is only at a surface level that widespread teacher PD appears to provide a solution.
if the professional development of teachers focuses principally upon instruction on the utility of mobile devices
While there are many exemplars of prosaic uses of mobile devices for communication, few examples currently exist of how they might be used as cognitive tools (Jonassen & Reeves,
Campbell, 2005) and the social and cultural shift in communication dynamics through the use of mobile devices (e g.,
Aims and scope of the project The project investigated the educational potential of mobile devices, specifically,‘smartphones'(combined mobile phones and PDAS) and ipods, in tertiary education.
and invent pedagogies appropriate to their students'use of a mobile device in completing a complex task within an authentic learning environment. 3. Implement the use of mobile technologies
Norman, 1988) of mobile devices for teaching and learning in higher education. This phase was conducted over the first six months of the project.
Phase 1 of the project also involved the purchase of class sets of mobile devices. Palm Treo 680 smartphones and Apple 30g ipods were purchased by the University from Teaching and Learning funds, for use in the professional development workshops and implementations with students in classes.
Other necessary peripherals were purchased also such as memory cards protective cases, microphones, additional head phones and card readers.
Each teacher used one or more mobile devices in depth, to explore the full range of affordances,
and modelling of the implementation and pedagogy of mobile devices, using a theoretical foundation of authentic learning, rather than a transmissive, technology-driven perspective.
a project website, literature review created as an Endnote library with embedded papers, a searchable catalogue of educational affordances of the mobile devices,
and maintain the mobile devices and to provide teacher/researchers with equitable access for their research,
authentic pedagogies for mobile devices but also in the action learning approach adopted for the professional development of participants.
The proliferation of mobile devices has proceeded throughout society at such a rate that higher education can no longer avoid exploring the educational potential of these tools.
Computers as mindtools for schools. Merrill: NJ. Jonassen, D, . & Reeves, T. C. 1996). Learning with technology:
Using computers as cognitive tools. In D. Jonassen (Ed.),Handbook of research on educational communications and technology (pp. 693-719.
Handheld computers (PDAS) in schools. Coventry, UK: BECTA. Proceedings ascilite Melbourne 2008: Full paper: Herrington 427 Proctor, N,
We found that the Authority actively monitors its exposure to risks related to technology approaching end-of-life.
despite the hardware being supported by the supplier on a'best endeavours'basis. 2 The legacy system is unable to comply with the latest NHS information standards for drugs and medicines.
cost, prioritisation and funding. 1 ttp://www. nhsbsa. nhsh. uk/Prescriptionservices/809. aspx 2 The Mcdonnell douglas hardware
In response, the government said it preferred to extend the life of legacy systems using software layers it called wrappers that would make legacy systems integrate more easily with newer systems. 3 The Cabinet Office
and Pensions using the 26 year old Pension Strategy Computer system. The Value Added Tax (VAT) service operated by HM Revenue
manage, monitor and control their prescribing habits and costs; monitor and manage drug expenditure against budget;
CIP implemented high-speed scanning equipment and intelligent character recognition software to capture printed information from prescription forms and automatically process the form.
of which are interpreted successfully by the intelligent character recognition software first time. The remaining 30 per cent require manual intervention to identify the customer or prescription information.
and the 30 per cent of CIP prescriptions that are processed not successfully automatically by the scanning software.
The legacy Mcdonnell douglas hardware is supported by Northgate on a'best endeavours'basis. 26 Part Four NHS Prescription Services:
hardware and software arrangements are in place to cope with the two systems. The team has an appropriate mix of skills to maintain
for example, CIP cannot currently handle prescriptions that are submitted later than the current processing cycle. 4. 29 The Authority has embarked recently on a technology refresh programme-replacing the physical server environment with virtual servers,
The new virtual server environment is expected to provide scalability to respond to the increase in demand,
In addition, many of the retired units have been retained in storage to provide for spares in case of hardware failure.
Software media and licence codes are available and regularly confirmed as operational. NHS Prescription Services:
Software versions are current and fully supported with plans in place for future upgrade. Performance. The availability and performance of the legacy system is captured as part of service performance measurement.
OECD (2003) Statement by the OECD Committee for Information, Computer and Communications Policy, Broadband driving growth:
Intangible investments and assets Firms increasingly rely on intangible investments and assets (skills, organisation, software, networks) for competitiveness and growth.
On the small firm using side the rapid growth of software and business method patenting can increase small business costs and the likelihood of infringement.
Beyond a certain level of connectivity (PC, Internet access, on-line information or marketing), not all SMES will necessarily catch up with large firms,
AND USE BY SMALL BUSINESSES SMES3 have recognised gradually the positive impact that ICTS, such as computer terminals,
now have at least one computer terminal, usually with Internet access. Many types of business software can improve information
and knowledge management within the firm, leading to more efficient business processes and better firm performance.
Seamless transfer of information through shared electronic files and networked computers increases the efficiency of business processes such as documentation,
The OECD's broad definition includes transactions conducted over computer-mediated networks, such as the Internet, EDI (electronic data interchange), Minitel and interactive telephone systems. 10 In the B2c context, the Internet and e-commerce can be effective tools for better communication.
once entered into the office computer, simultaneously. This is very different from paper records, which can normally only be consulted by one person at a time
and organisational changes as well as direct costs of investing in hardware and software solutions. While many studies provide evidence of the positive effects of ICT adoption on firm performance,
others have shown no relation between computer use and firm performance. 5 A study of Canadian manufacturing establishments (plants) with ten or more employees (excluding food processing establishments) drawn from Statistics Canada's Business Register,
A Eurostat survey on e-commerce shows that nine out of ten SMES were equipped with computers at the end of 2000/early 2001.
or sales, is associated not with computer use (Bitler, 2001). 12 Differences in Internet access in the 21 countries for
Note 3. Internet and other computer-mediated networks. Source: OECD, ICT database and Eurostat, Community Survey on ICT usage in enterprises 2002, May 2003.
office equipment and software over the Internet, but only a small share conduct B2c and B2b Internet e-commerce for nonstandard products.
%20%40%60%80%100%B2b e-commerce B2c e-commerce Software purchase Purchasing materials/office equipment Receiving custmer's feedback Recruitment Order
Adoption of Internet e-commerce by SMES Computers and access to the Internet have become common in most OECD countries,
Taking a wide definition of electronic commerce to cover transactions over computer-mediated networks (including traditional EDI) and inter-firm transactions,
and other computer-mediated networks. 4. All businesses. 5. Orders received and placed over the Internet and other computer-mediated networks.
Source: OECD, ICT database, August 2002; Eurostat, E-commerce Pilot Survey 2001. The situation is similar for SMES,
or placed over the Internet and other computer-mediated networks. Source: OECD, ICT database, August 2002;
The company has initiated a project called E-Choupal that places computers with Internet access in rural farming village.
The computer, typically housed in the farmer's house, is linked to the Internet via phone lines or, increasingly by a VSAT connection.
The farmers can use the computer to assess daily closing prices on local markets, as well as to track global price trends
cost factors (costs of ICT equipment and networks, software and reorganisation, and ongoing costs; and security and trust factors (security and reliability of e-commerce systems, uncertainty of payment methods, legal frameworks.
In 1996 a company employee bought a personal computer at his own expense to use the Internet.
and to redefine their core competence and positions in the value chains. So, e-business tools cannot be introduced successfully
Items such as software, music and books can be delivered over the Internet, but the volume of such on-line delivery is still very small.
2000 Percentage of businesses using a computer with ten or more employees 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Italy Spain Austria United kingdom Finland
as incompatibility between systems (e g. central/computer reservation systems) and the dominance of relatively small agents and suppliers with less ICT capability may impede efficient electronic transactions along the supply chain for B2b transactions (Department
along with music and video, books and magazines and software, are among the leading consumer products sold over the Internet (OECD, 2002c).
which the customer can listen to through a desktop computer. The price of the instruments ranges from GBP 295 to GBP 7 000.
Not all SMES will catch up with large firms beyond a certain level of connectivity (PC, Internet access, on-line marketing.
open source software has been proposed as an economically viable solution for establishing and upgrading ICT systems. It can enhance system interoperability
Open source software has been proposed as one means of reducing anti-competitive pressures. It may be easier for small firms to have relationships with larger firms at lower cost
if open source fosters wider compatibility between different applications and operating systems and lowers the cost of ICT adoption.
Most competition authorities in OECD countries, independently or in co-operation with others in different jurisdictions, have examined how on-line markets
and obligatory requirements and interoperability with these services, affecting their choice of systems and software.
Technology neutrality and the interoperability of a variety of network infrastructures and software is essential
The Web site includes guidance on how to buy a computer, get connected and set up a Web site and reports on ICT and e-commerce.
contributes to building computer and Internet literacy in SMES. United kingdom Learndirect SMES are a priority group for the on-line service.
and ecommerce to monitor progress and improve cross-country analysis . However there is no one-size-fits all approach to policy
/Bitler, M. P. 2001), Small Businesses and Computers: Adoption and Performance, preliminary draft, October. Bricklin, D. 2001),
OECD (2001a), Science, Technology and Industry Outlook: Drivers of Growth: Information technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, OECD, Paris. OECD (2001b), Broadband Infrastructure Deployment:
Summary, DSTI/ICCP/IE (2002) 5/FINAL, OECD, Paris. OECD (2002b), Information technology Outlook 2002, OECD, Paris. OECD (2002c), Measuring the Information Economy
policy responses, DSTI/ICCP (2003) 13/FINAL, OECD, Paris. 46 OECD (2003b), OECD Communications Outlook, Paris. OECD (2004), Recommendation of the Council
and also the much wider domain of e-commerce transactions in goods and services. 11 Online retailing, online press, search engines, social networks, blogs, media streaming, online gambling and e-health
Finally, m-commerce (electronic commerce conducted from a mobile phone, tablet etc. in the EU plays a more modest part in the growth of electronic commerce than in the USA and Japan.
39 the Court recognised the screen or in a programme guide are provided not services"at the individual request"of a recipient
As to compliance with the rules in Article 11,81%of purchasers received a confirmation order both on screen and by e-mail.
In 10%of purchases, a confirmation of the order was received only by e-mail and in 8%only on screen.
in particular linked to the liability regime of the ECD (see Chapter 3. 4. 2). In order to better monitor these and other related developments,
the CPC-Network enforcement authorities both screen a sample of websites in a given sector for compliance with EU consumer legislation and take appropriate enforcement actions.
Article 15 prohibits Member States from imposing on intermediaries a general obligation to monitor. National courts have in recent years produced decisions imposing injunctions on intermediaries obliging them to prevent a 84 One of the conditions for an information society service provider to benefit from a liability exemption for illegal
some Member States have provided for specific liability exemptions for information location services (search engine services) and hyperlinking services.
Austria, Hungary, Spain and Portugal have adopted specific liability exemptions for search engines according to which a company can benefit
whereas others, in particular selling platforms, video sharing sites, social networks and search engines, favoured the inclusion of those activities within the"safe harbour"regime.
Where specific exemptions from liability for search engine services and hyperlinking services have not been included explicitly in national legislation
Article 14 ECD. 88 The court did not specify why a search engine should be classed as a hosting provider.
o Youtube displays commercial video clips and not only content that expresses a personal opinion. o Because of the arrangement of the website the average user cannot tell at first sight that the videos were uploaded by the user and not by Youtube;
and would not limit its activities to providing server space for users to independently upload
and eligible for the liability exemption (for instance ebay's selection of"daily deals"could not be covered) 91 Appeal Panel Decision of Civil Court of Rome, IP specialist section, 22.02.2010,
104"Adwords",enables an economic operator to display advertising links to its site accompanied by a commercial message that appears on the right hand side of the screen
HTML 31 through Google's search engine. These advertisement links appear whenever a"keyword"that can be reserved by an economic operator corresponds to the word (s) entered as a request in the search engine.
In the national proceedings LVMH (the holder of the"Louis vuitton"trademark) complained about the fact that both competitors
the ECJ notes that"with the help of software it has developed, Google processes the data entered by advertisers
and the resulting display of the ads is made under conditions which Google controls. Thus Google determines the order of display according to, inter alia,
the remuneration paid by the advertisement"(paragraph 116). However, the ECJ considers that to examine Google's activity in the light of recital 42,
"the mere fact that the operator of an online marketplace stores offers for sale on its server, sets the terms of its service, is remunerated for that service
In this context, respondents to the public consultation also argued that actual knowledge should be human knowledge and not"computer knowledge".
and where the border lies between an obligation to apply duties of care and a general obligation to monitor.
however, considers that that under the circumstances of the case at hand a court injunction forcing an internet access provider to introduce filtering software for the prevention of copyright ingringements is incompatible with Article 15 of the Directive construed in the light of the requirements stemming from the protection of the applicable fundamental rights.
in particular those involving the use of peer-to-peer software; which applies indiscriminately to all its customers;
"As regards the above-mentioned question it notes that"it must be held that the injunction imposed on the ISP concerned requiring it to install the contested filtering system would oblige it to actively monitor all the data relating to each of its customers
since it would require that ISP to install a complicated, costly, permanent computer system at its own expense"(paragraph 48)."
or have been asked to impose the use of filtering software to prevent illegal information and activity by means of injunctions on intermediaries.
and the internet service provider Tiscali141 (now Scarlet) a judge on 29 june 2007 ordered Tiscali to use a specific filtering software("Audible Magic")to prevent infringements of copyright 140 Case C-360/10, Belgische Vereniging
The court considered that this software had proven to be considered effective and that the average cost of implementing the measure did not appear excessive.
In a case concerning Rolex, Ricardo and ebay, two online selling platforms, the Bundesgerichtshof142 (the German Federal Supreme court) considered that an injunction against the two intermediaries forcing them to apply filtering software would not be infringing Article 15.
143 the Court refused to oblige ebay to implement filtering software for its"health and beauty section"to prevent infringements of L'oréal's trademark.
The Court considered that filtering software was not necessary as ebay had made the required efforts to prevent trademark infringements,
the main question concerning Article 15 is to what extent injunctions that impose filtering software are compatible with the prohibition of a general monitoring obligation.
including computers, smartphones or other devices connected to the Internet users should be able to know
they can infect computers with viruses and the illegal offer of pharmaceuticals affects consumer confidence
and their customers by taking legal action against spammers. 4. 1. 2. 3 Cookies and the eprivacy Directive Cookies are hidden information exchanged between an internet user and a web server,
They are designed to facilitate a browser-server interaction in order to collect data. Cookies allow the creation of profiles which can be beneficial for both users and online service providers.
coupled with a website providing the user with information about how to switch off behaviourally targeted display ads from the company that the user signed up to.
In all those business models, the use of search engines has become widespread. Customers rely increasingly on search engines to find their preferred product or service.
Search engines charge advertisers on a pay-per-click basis. The trend is towards direct-response type advertising instead of display advertising.
Publishers have focussed on the importance of advertising revenues which account for 50%of newspaper revenues in the printed environment and almost 100%in the digital area.
Today, with the availability of adequate computer support for reading text, books have become services
printers, Mp3 players, CDS and DVDS etc..However, different rules and tariffs apply across Member States.
and conditions of its licence agreement with independent developers of applications requiring the use of Apple's native programming tools and approved software languages to the detriment of third-party software.
on 21 january 2010 the Commission agreed to the planned acquisition of Sun microsystems by Oracle. 213 The acquisition raised the issue of the competitive effect of open source software products.
and supplied in digital form such as computer programmes, applications, games or music). Contracts for the supply of digital content are within the scope of the Directive,
In particular, traders will have to inform (consumer) buyers of digital content not only about its compatibility with hardware and software
Recent Eurobarometer surveys224 and those carried out by the European Business Test Panel (EBTP) 225
European Business Test Panel, European Contract Law survey, available at: http://ec. europa. eu/yourvoice/ebtp/consultations/2010/european contract law/report en. pdf 82 selling their products cross-border rank barriers related to differences of contract law
in the way sites can be referenced by search engines or how technologies can be slowed down or blocked.
For micro-payments, the issue of cost seems to be a major obstacle to the development of low value information society services such as online newspapers, music, movies, video games,"premium rate service",directories,
http://ec. europa. eu/public opinion/flash/fl 300 en. pdf 285 European Business Test Panel (EBTP) survey, Alternative Dispute Resolution, 2010-11
or when it pays a search engine operator for an internet referencing service in order to facilitate access to its site by consumers domiciled in those various Member States.
despite the fact that in the online movie rental business the DVDS were delivered still. 312 E-commerce and other modern technologies can also help to communicate to consumers the environmental performance of the products they buy more clearly,
Report to Microsoft Corporation and Intel Corporation, 2009, p. i, available at: http://download. intel. com/pressroom/pdf/cdsvsdownloadsrelease. pdf 312 Marcelo Velásquez, A comparative study of the environmental impact of the online and offline movie rental business
, 2009, available at: http://dalspace. library. dal. ca: 8080/bitstream/handle/10222/12737/MEC%20thesis%20marcelo%20v ELASQUEZ. pdf?
As technology investor Bill Joy of Sun microsystems explains, a fundamental premise of open innovation is not all the smart people work for you,
the mobile phone industry, the digital amplifier industry, the open source software industry, the mobile operating system Android, the biopharmaceutical industry, Procter&gamble, Italcementi, Deutsche telekom, Innocentive, Roche or the Dutch special
In IBM's recent CEO study, more than three quarters of the 765 CEOS queried cited collaboration
Lichtenthaler (2011) argues that external knowledge sharing has the potential to expose organization's core competencies to its rival organizations.
and disclosure of core competencies to cooperation partners may alter the aim and ethic of the open innovation process.
Collaboration among partners, the core process of open innovation, entails a variety of risks that alter the purpose.
three core process archetypes, Proceedings of the R&d Management Conference (RADMA), Lisbon. 13. Hess, A m.,Rothaermel, F. T. 2011.
It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa. eu). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of the publication.
@tue. nl Cakir Yilmaz Basaksehir Living Lab y. cakir@superonline. com Curley Martin Intel. Labs Europe & National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Innovation Value Institute martin. g. curley@intel. com den Ouden Elke Eindhoven University of Technology
, Intelligent Lighting Institute E d. Ouden@tue. nl Erkinheimo Pia DIGILE Finnish Centre for Science and Innovation in the Internet Economy pia. erkinheimo@digile. fi
and interlinked to the core processes of OI2. In the article by Markkula and Kune the focus is on orchestration,
and software substitution may soon make more than 50%of current jobs obsolete. Knowledge workers especially will be under pressure
'4 It is a process at the core of renewing Europe's capacity for renewal.
when their core processes are understood, respected and orchestrated. Actualising the Dublin Declaration The Dublin Declaration was an output of the first Open Innovation 2. 0 Conference
purposeful conversations and working with virtual worlds to explore what RIS3 collaboration could mean for their regions, the importance of Open Innovation 2. 0, the role of universities in entrepreneurial discovery,
including design and CAD expertise and manufacturing expertise, etc 4. In addition, good 26 O P E N I N N O V A t
Other crowdsourcing platforms more focused for the purpose have been targeted e g. to match the specific needs of industrial companies in software development (e g.
Grab-CAD), cleantech expertise (e g. Solved), testing of software and hardware products (e g. utest), ideation and concepting (e g.
Atizo) or pre-purchase crowdfunding (e g. Kickstarter), see Table 1. From some platforms, industrial companies can reach a vast number of experts in specific field (e g. more than 1. 5 million mechanical engineers in Grabcad),
Technology utest (http://www. utest. com)> 150 000 software testers Numerex Topcoder (http://www. topcoder. com>600 000 software developers Praxis
the company needs to know what to do with the ideas how to embed them into the core of its business development and innovation practices.
used Grab-CAD to crowdsource concepts for an indicator for detecting chain wear in their chain hoist.
pre-purchasing has been used to fund the development of industrial products such as a modular desktop CNC machine 19, drone (autonomous robotboat) 20 and 3d printer 21.
Nowadays, many software and consumer electronics companies say openly that they are not the experts in the usage of their products and services,
when making Internet search enquiries for a specific (software or electric device usage related) problem, the users do not end up at the official brand Q&a sites as the first hit,
Examples vary from Microsoft to hardware and special hobby groups like the ones actually run by the brand itself, Suunto, a Finnish origin global manufacturer and marketer of sport watches,
dive computers and precision instruments. Suunto is facilitating a sports community Movescount, where active, like-minded,
/a professional network of 150 000+testers and QA professionals in a crowdsourcing complex testing of both software and also hardware of their product for tracking vehicles and assets.
Modular Desktop CNC Machine. An Open Hardware project in Minneapolis, MN by AJ Quick 2011. http://www. kickstarter. com/projects/ajquick/modular-desktop-cncmachine?
ref=category (accessed 4 june 2012).(20) Kickstarter. Robotboat Mark VI by Eamon Carrig, Kickstarter 2012. https://www. kickstarter. com/projects/robotboat/robotboat-mark-vi (accessed January 16, 2015).(21) Kickstarter.
An affordable, professional 3d printer. Kickstarter 2012. http://www. kickstarter. com/projects/formlabs/form-1-an-affordable-professional-3d printer (accessed 10 december 2012).(22) Kittur A, Nickerson JV, Bernstein
M, Gerber E, Shaw A, Zimmerman J, et al. The future of crowd work. Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work, ACM;
2013, pp. 1301-18.23) Trifu A, Croitoru I, A SWOT Analysis of Today's Crowdsourcing Process, International Journal of Management Sciences, 2014;
Establishing a core infrastructure of federated testbeds as a resource for users (academia, research institutes, industry, SMES.
The ecosystem is more homogenous in terms of core actors, but it also involves a significant amount of third parties on ad hoc bases.
enabled by the FIWARE software platform. Still there remain challenges in synchronising technical platform development and the creation of innovation communities based on the platform.
For the FIRE community the boundary objective can be the ICT software and applications test beds and facilities,
which led to the formation of numerous ecosystems consisting of the core partners to the programme and other stakeholders.
The case of enterprise software',MIS Q.,Vol. 36, Nr. 1, pp. 263-290.22) European commission (2010),‘Interim Evaluation of the Seventh Framework Programme, Report
strategy office to monitor international trends and benchmarking; marketing and communication department to interact with stakeholders and public;
differences in confidentiality (open source publications vs competitive nature; organisational differences (curiosity-driven vs problems-solving;
-industry partnership include the IBM Open Collaboration Research Programme (OCR) 12, long-term grand challenge programmes (e g.
There is an observable trend within universities to review their research strategies focusing on developing core expertise
There is a growing trend to develop T-shaped people with a core expertise and the ability to collaborate across disciplines.
and expertise marketing to content marketing featuring video, podcasts, blogs, elements of gamification and community events.
Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, Vol. 20, No 6, pp. 653-666.12) http://www. research. ibm. com/university/collaborativeresearch/ocr. shtml (13
(I shall later refer to this definition as‘the core mission').'In carrying out their mission, the universities must promote lifelong learning,
which support the performance of their core mission (as in Section 2 of the Act).
as the computer programs belong to Harvard university as sponsored software inventions. The Harvard system seems on the surface to bear likeness to the Finnish system but somewhat clearer and perhaps more sophisticated as to the definition of rights and the clarity of allocation.
IP-based technology transfer is part of the universities'core missions, along with research, education and enhancing well-being 9. The universities should create a clear mission for their technology transfer,
whether it is used best as a core asset of a start-up or if the asset would be used in better in some large company's product assortment.
amended 119/2013) defines education and research as the core missions of universities, but in addition are the interaction with and giving information about research to society,
However, this is not the whole picture of IP created in universities there are copyrightable computer programs, content,
which case the rights belong to the programmer. The direction of the incentive should be looked better at in this case.
and networking software. This empirical study was carried out in the context of the OLLD's matchmaking session that was held in Amsterdam on Tuesday, 2 september 2014.
Concurrently, the PCN approach was implemented into a software prototype 6, 12,13 named CONEX that operates as an online service.
The CONEX server 6 provides machine-generated connections among individuals (e g. researchers, practitioners), organisations (research labs, businesses) and targets (Cfp from diverse research and innovation programmes.
The results were used for printing colour badges as well as initialising the CONEX H2020 profile of each of the 67 participants entered as CONEX entities.
Skype) right before the event takes place. In terms of recommendation, this study also highlights the fact that networks (e g.
Especially because SMES do not necessarily have the resources (e g. methods, techniques and equipment such as 3d printers or virtual,
From high-technology graphene products and the gamification of e-learning to social innovation enabling active and healthy ageing
In times of 3d printing, open source solutions and new forms of crowdfunding, even enthusiastic hobbyists face relatively low barriers to innovate.
Jakarta Open Data Lab (ID), Chaos Computer Club (DE) Co-working labs Very diverse & changing Cop constellations Provide open spaces for work
The core team currently comprises members from eight different disciplines ranging from anthropology and sociology to performance design.
A relatively small core team assures continuity while new input is gained through a research manager keeping contacts to academics and external collaborators.
It is organised as a nonprofit association (c-base e. V.)offering skill enhancement for hardware, software and network usage.
Seminars and events address topics such as open source software, mobile applications or 2d/3d design. Nonmembers have restricted access to the lab facilities that comprise
for instance, a wood and metal workshop, a sound laboratory and a 3d printer. Co-working labs Co-working labs are similarly easily accessible for users
and often have a particular economic focus or specialisation, such as media, design or software development.
devices and services for interdisciplinary and collaborative work addressing diverse mobile professionals (freelancers, microentrepreneurs, start-ups), most of whom work in creative industries such as design, media, arts or software development.
machines and related software including for instance 3d printers, laser and vinyl cutters or CNC milling machines. Sometimes, more traditional workshop tools supplement these technologies.
-and software and further education within the fields covered by the lab. Co-working labs,
Hardware. co-Lab Berlin The Hardware. co-Lab is located within the famous co-working space betahaus in Berlin-Kreuzberg.
This inner-city area has undergone substantial transformation in the past 15 years. During the division of Berlin, the area was close to the Berlin Wall
A place for creating physical designs was meant to complement the desktop-based activities at betahaus.
Open Design City offered workstations, 3d printing, CNC milling machines, hardware tools and professional support for using the more advanced technologies.
Machines and support were available at an hourly fee. Self-organised (DIY) initiatives as well as creative professionals have used the Open Design City.
and the space has now been operating as the Hardware. co-Lab since January 2015.
More explicitly than before, the lab addresses innovative hardware start-ups and‘technology freaks'18 and offers up to 10 workstations.
Jörn Werner Conrad's CEO, explains that Conrad aims at being closer to demand-driven innovations by supporting those who generate them.
design, music, games, software development, energy and automotives. Other disciplinary or sectoral specialisations are nevertheless also possible.
Large multinational enterprises such as Deutsche telekom AG, Deutsche Post AG, Otto Group, Bertelsmann AG, Axel Springer AG, Prosiebensat. 1, Microsoft and Google
Each lab offers a physical environment equipped with desks, machines, computers, audio-equipment, materials and substances that can be arranged flexibly.
de/a/conrad-schafftraum-fuer-hardware-entwickler, 3044225, accessed 12 february 2015.20) http://www. betahaus. com/berlin/spaces/hardwarelab,
pp. 232-247.22) https://ec. europa. eu/growth/tools-databases/regional-innovation-monitor/organisation/stockholm/openlab, accessed 12 february 2015.23) http://www
3d printing technologies; Augmented reality and virtual reality; Design and innovation, entrepreneurship schools. Basaksehir Living Lab Innovation and Technology Centre The Basaksehir Living Lab Innovation and Technology Centre building is constructed in Basaksehir
and has a 3 500 m covered area and includes the following areas and facilities:
software and hardware that can enable individuals with creative ideas or small enterprises to make developments is available.
and design experience site where 3d printers are available. The seminar hall is a flexible area
3d modelling and 3d printing; Augmented-reality stepping stones; Digital accessibility for the handicapped/disabled; Empathy training for disabled caretakers;
‘We need to remember that there is a supercomputer between the ears of every human on this planet.
the lighting domain is in a transition from a hardware and product-driven industry to a full solution and service-driven industry.
and ICT industry has mainly been based hardware: selling products such as lighting posts, luminaires, sensor and routers.
The system uses cameras to count people on the square and monitor their locations. In this way the system can adapt the light scenes to the use of the square
The shift in focus from products to services makes it possible to continuously innovate without further investments in the hardware infrastructure.
new hardware and software will become available over time allowing new functionalities. To ensure that the system has a sufficiently long economic lifetime,
which Philips provides intelligent lighting hardware, Open Remote provides an open source software platform to integrate lighting
and open data from various sources is used together with data from large numbers of sensors from various suppliers.
And as it is built on the open source principle it also allows for the integration of new sensors as they become available on the market
S m A r T C i T i e S 89 In the first phase of the project the emphasis has been on the realisation of the hardware and software infrastructure.
Next to the aspect of putting the citizens at the core of the innovation process,
luminaires, sensors, routers, software. The results of this technological innovation process were off-the-shelf products, fulfilling the regulations set by governmental and public organisations.
Exploitation of knowledge should be a core business, and should become a third objective in addition to education and scientific research. 92 O P E N I N N O V A t
for example by offering virtual reality experiences of new dynamic lighting scenarios to citizens during the co-creation process.
I O N y E A r B o O k 2 0 1 5 The core of the paradigm shift lies in co-creation within the urban lighting ecosystem in identifying societal needs
At the core of transition management is the challenge of orientating longterm changes in large socio-technical systems.
Lyon in France and Östersund in Sweden for their outstanding displays in crafts and folk art, media arts and gastronomy respectively.
For new knowledge infrastructure, Lyon created the‘Imaginove'cluster to nurture synergies between the different image sectors (video games, cinema, audiovisual,
In the second stage of the transformation, event planners, fashion designers, video game players, festival project managers and so on contributed their expertise to the same goal (enlarged partners.
the Greater Lyon Authority did one more thing creating the‘Imaginove'cluster to facilitate synergies between the different image sectors, such as video games, cinema, audiovisual, animation and multimedia (activation).
Art colleges Training centers Philanthropies""City government Event planners and entrepreneurs R&d centers Software developer Game designers Fashion designers Image sector Animation sector Audio-video
The Imaginove develops cross fertilization and synergies between the different image sectors (video games, cinema, audiovisual, animation and multimedia) to increase the competitiveness of product design, production and distribution.
However, the government cannot control data flows. Therefore, the golden middle needs to be found. A solution can be that the government creates open platforms where the data is publicly available
Think of Google glass 1. Where are the hordes of people walking around with this sophisticated pair of glasses on their nose?
Or take Watson, IBM 6, a truly breakthrough innovation of a large company that was the first to create a triple helix for different data techniques.
He warns us of a world where super computers and robots decide what is good for humanity.
we see people fixated on their screens. We are hooked and singularity smacks into me more drugs to sustain my addiction.
References (1) Google glass, http://www. google. com/glass/start/,2014.2) M. Curley and B. Salmelin,‘Open Innovation 2. 0:
-ralph-hamers-ceo-ing-ik-ben-nietgroter-dan-ing, March 2014.6) IBM Watson, http://www. ibm. com/smarterplanet/us/en/ibmwatson
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