the biggest open source data platform in Europe that is underpinning a new bottom up ecosystem for digital public services;(
and open source software. Crowd-Mapping DSI organisations and their activities: The types of organisations working on DSI in Europe,
In particular grassroots communities of civic innovators, web entrepreneurs, hackers, geeks, SMES, open source and DIY makers,
open source and open hardware developments), leveraging social networks (or distributed social networking, sensor networks and the Internet of things,
Database and Dynamic Visualisations will be shared back with the relevant open source communities. Open data about the mapping of organisations include:
Low-cost home 3d manufacturing tools (3d printers, CNC machines), free CAD/CAM software like Blender, 123d or Sketchup and open source designs are now giving innovators
People working on Open source Hardware are creating new organisations such as the Open source Hardware Association, to open new research avenues and coordinate projects,
open source cars such as Wikispeed, building farming tools, new fabrication machines like the Reprap and open objects.
These products are open source and free; and you can use, copy and improve as much as you want with a worldwide community of peers helping you
Projects like Open source Ecology are promoting a bigger shift towards a more sustainable lifestyle and society.
DIY culture, open source software and open data. Projects like Safecast or open source Geiger, the Smart Citizen Kit,
and open wearables are showing interesting potential in combining innovative technology trends to generate unexpected outcomes.
a Maker space with a focus on open source, design, digital fabrication, and micro enterprises. An example of increasing interest is the possibility of setting up Urban Labs within city contexts.
open source and open access Goteo Communia Open hardware new ways of making and using open hardware solutions
and moving towards and Open source Internet of things Arduino Smart Citizen Kit Safecast Table 9 36 Through case study analysis we have sought to build up an understanding of to what extent these emerging technologies are being harnessed by digital social innovation.
and knowledge to a social network of peers living with similar conditions. 40 Open Hardware Open source hardware consists of hardware
Ideally, open source hardware uses readily available components and materials, standard processes, open infrastructure unrestricted content,
Open source hardware gives people the freedom to control their technology while sharing knowledge and encouraging commerce through the open exchange of designs.
public funding) and investors Future development tasks Code and data Full information on the development so far and open source code can be found on the Github page here:
Arduino has grown since to become popular selling around 200,000 units in 2011 largely because of its creators'decision to make the board's design open source and its quick adoption by hobbyists, artists, scientists, and‘makers.'
Furthermore, Arduino has lowered significantly the economic barriers to D. I. Y. electronics thanks to the product's low cost and open source business model.
because the Arduino board is a piece of open source hardware, free for anyone to use,
Many questioned if it would be possible to forge a sustainable business model considering the entire basis for Arduino relies upon open source technologies (in fact,
Open source Software Not only the Arduino hardware is open; the Arduino software is also open-source. The source code for the Java environment is released under the GPL
and the open source platform is available free of charge to any group, city or country around the world interested in using the platform to source ideas from citizens.
where the city uses the platform to source ideas from citizens to be debated in the city council on a monthly basis. Type of Organisation The Your Priorities software is open source
Through making the Your Priorities platform available as open source to other organisations, the Citizens Foundation is actively facilitating the easy spread and uptake of their new service.
Open source and Open Collaboration: The platform is open source and free for anyone to download and use,
which has led to the spread of the model via the Internet beyond Iceland. Open Active Democracy is the software that powers Your Priorities.
Citysdk consist of 23 partners, 9 countries, 3 open source APIS Website: http://www. citysdk. eu/Organisation Name City Service Development Kit (Citysdk) Short description City SDK is a European consortium of partners helping cities
At the same time it provides cities with an easy, open source, standards based way to publish real-time open Data type of organisation Citysdk is a European Consortium consisting of 23 partners in nine countries,
such as the Greater manchester Realtime Scheduling application, the Park Shark City Platform and the City Navigator, a fully Open source, mobile HTML5 public transport journey planner and navigation application for on the go-go use.
Open source Software, which enables the uptake and extension of the software by the development community forgoing stifling discussions on IP and closed development silos Open Data,
Open source DSI activities: Operating a DSI service, Network Key facts: As part of the project the consortia developed Europe commons, a catalogue of applications with demonstrable impact Website:
It simultaneously taps into current technological trends such as open data, open source, as well as digital volunteerism (crowdsourcing), in a way that has a clear social impact.
the aim was to also develop a reusable IT open source solution. In the Berlin State Museums alone six million objects await to be recorded.
This flexible approach to technology is reflected in the wide range of technologies employed by the different fellows who will work with their own preferred web platform (using open source languages like 83 Python
and sharing of open source code. To this aim, the fellows work together on a joint Github account
In the case of Europe Commons the site's open source coding is hosted on Drupal. org,
The nodes are usually running an open source distribution such as Linux (Openwrt) or Freebsd. A Community-Lab node consists of two or three devices:
and is based on open source design and open hardware such as Arduino. One example of this is Alignment laser,
The free or low cost access to open source hard and software means that Fablab communities both benefit from
https://github. com/Organisation Name Github Short description Github, a San francisco-based company, was started in 2008 as a way for open source software writers in various locations to rapidly create new
and code management for open source and private projects, by tapping into this community of collective coders.
At its simplest Github can be described as open source tool for people to come together online and collaborate around a project,
because the code is open source). This enables a developer to copy a code that he
Overall the‘open source'culture of Github translates into their business model in one particularly obvious way:
a platform set up with the aim of helping governments become more open source, open data, and open government.
This portal is aimed specifically at helping governments all over the world to open source datasets, legislation and information so that citizen programmers can help solve local problems.
Because modern programming tends to be about assembling code in the form of libraries, open source work,
Open source vs. Closed: While Github has stood out as an outrider of how e-businesses might operate in an open-source landscape;
http://goteo. org/Organisation Name Goteo Short description Goteo. org is an open source social network for crowdfunding as well as distributed collaboration based in Spain.
'Type of organisation Goteo is managed by the nonprofit organisation Fundacion Fuentes Abiertas (Open source Foundation. History and mission The explicit mission of Goteo. org is to help finance
when Platoniq (a collective of cultural activists, open source practitioners and Internet researchers) came together to explore initiatives for giving monetary support online to different people and causes with a social purpose.
The aim of the exercise was to understand how compatible crowdfunding was with crowdsourcing lessons learned from the open source world.
free knowledge and/or open source. Unlike most other crowdfunding platforms Goteo operate with two funding windows for a campaign, each with a duration of 40 days.
'Therefore projects are built on collaborative, open source and open design principles. As an example the Infinit Loop cloth mentioned above is built for example with an open design license.
and software standards developed by and for the open source community, such as creative commons to set the standard for how campaigns launched on the platform should use
http://liquidfeedback. org/Organisation Name Liquid Feedback Short description Liquid feedback is free open source software
Finally, and on a more general level, Liquid Feedback is built on an open source licence. The rationale for this is that everyone interested in adopting the platform to their organisation should be able to do so freely.
Finally, the open source approach, as described above, allows the platform to be adapted by organisations that are both diverse in type and their geographical base.
For example the event featured demonstrations on the DIY opportunities in the Arduino open source electronic board and Raspberry Pi.
Several advantages of open source hardware show its importance to the Maker Faire community: Help streamline the design Makers can reduce risk by basing designs on open-source hardware
Developing free and open source software for individuals and organisations around the world who want to build copies of the sites mysociety builds.
open source and available for use anywhere in the world. The core features of this website are:
mysociety's sites are all open source. Some of the mysociety codebases have been worked on extensively to make them easy to use for the newcomer.
Mapit's code is also available on Github, another open source project which can be installed locally,
open source projects without having to employ a huge factory of staff. After recognising in the period following 2006 that official government funding streams had been wound down,
Realities of open source: Before accepting contributions to a project, the practical considerations around the overheads of testing, checking,
The Open Ministry website was developed using a YUI API a free, open source Javascript and CSS library for building interactive web applications.
Open source: Opencorporates wants to make its product and the database accessible and scalable. It would not be possible without a huge number of open source programmes, tools and resources, such as Twitter Bootstrap and Linux.
It is mostly feasible to have the open data database as well as the community accessible online.
One of the most prominent of these is the Comprehensive Knowledge Archive Network (CKAN), one of the world's leading free open source data portal platforms.
The open source software is used by more than 70 organisations from Berlin to Nigeria globally to release their data in to open data sets.
Naturally most of its projects rely heavily on open data, open data and open source standards.
but it also relies on open source platforms for developing and sharing the code for its projects.
P2p Foundation, Open Knowledge Foundation, Makesense, Edgeryders, Transition Network, Open source Ecology, hackerspaces & makerspaces. What is the social impact it is seeking,
driven by digital fabrication tools like 3dprinters, facilities like Fablabs, open source hardware designs and DIY communities.
Peer-to-peer-based digital currencies, electronic money that acts as alternative currency, such as Bitcoin, an open source P2p money,
P2p's network in practice creates a platform for‘unbounded knowledge with open sources and open access.'
It actively encourages collaborative coding for instance the open source coding for its collaborative project with Google,
the Raspberry Pi is completely open source, which helps to keep costs down. From the circuit schematics to the applications and the operating system, anyone can examine
DSI network effect Due to Raspberry Pi's programmable and simple open source model, a variety of Pi projects have emerged on the Web.
Raspberry Pi has collaborated also recently with Google to deliver a new open source coding tool called Coder.
http://blog. safecast. org/Organisation Name Safecast Short description Safecast is both the name of a Geiger counter built by the open source community as well as a global sensor network where Safecast owners can map
While the Safecast team along with a wider open source community is providing the hard and software behind Safecast,
Safecast relies heavily on working on and with several open source hard and software solutions. Open hardware such as Arduino forms part of the actual build of the Geiger counter, crowdfunding platforms such as Kickstarter have been used to raise funding for developing different versions of the Geiger counter
The hardware developed by Safecast is open source and, in their own words, people who buy it are free‘to open,
and open source approaches to develop the original prototype Geiger counters, Crowdfunding has been crucial in the funding
Following on from this Safecast has used open source platforms such as Github to develop the code that sits behind the platform.
and open source platforms in many ways can be seen as an example of digitally enabled collective intelligence.
which is also open source. The team also operates an open network, where all the sensors and kit-owners can share
Open Data and Open source: The web platform is developed with Open-Streetmap, Leaflet, Raphaël, jquery, Cakephp, and many more.
The actual project is open source and available on the open source platform Github. The fact that it is open has led already to replications of the kit for other purposes,
Open source: The Tor software itself is open source and free for anyone to download and use.
Enhancing collaboration and engagement: DSI network effect The strength of the Tor network relies on being able to relay traffic through a large network of routers owned by a global network of volunteers.
*Open Knowledge Organisation Name Ushahidi Short description Ushahidi is a nonprofit tech company that specializes in developing free and open source software for the collection, visualisation and interactive mapping of information.
Swiftriver is an open source platform that aims to democratize access to tools for filtering & making sense of real-time information Crowdmap:
a free open source software that can be used to distribute and collect information via text messages.
with the shift to an open source development model (as of February 2013) it is hoped that a community of volunteer developers will be able to assist in the localisation support of the site (translating the content into other languages) thereby having a positive impact on the outreach of the Zooniverse projects.
and they're pretty much all open source. They're generally still bespoke applications each time but share common code for talking to Ouroboros.
In addition to this, the decision February 2013 to start making Zooniverse officially open source has allowed for new avenues for collaboration to be pursued other than the analysis of data.
While Zooniverse had made not the move to open source a priority (because behind the scenes they had been willing to share their coding with anyone who had approached them often talking them through the thought process that led them to design our software in a particular way) the decision to move to an entirely open source paradigm was made
so as to broaden the tools available to enable people to start projects of their own. This open source development model allows a community of developers to flag any bugs to the Zooniverse developers;
to contribute towards the creation of new projects; but also to assist in the site's localisation support (translating sites into multiple languages.
Open source methods and their future potential: Demos London, 2005. Mulley, S.,"The UK's immigration crackdown will lead to a loss of international talent,"24 may 2013.
customers or specialists usually referred to as open source. These are all enablers of open innovation that coexist
A typical example of using social resources to innovate is the popular phenomenon of open source software 71 and the current Threadless Community 72
An illustrative case of online social networks is the trend towards open source software 71. An oft-given example is the Linux Foundation.
Open source involves collaboration between firms, suppliers, customers, and policy-makers of related products to pool software R&d and generate shared technology.
Social online networks, such as open source software communities, offer valuable benefits for society by encouraging community members to share their knowledge.
and specialisation in open source software innovation: a case study, Res. Policy 32 (7)( 2003) 1217 1241.37 H. Chesbrough, K. Schwartz, Innovation business models with co-development partnerships, Res.
a multilevel model for Open source innovation, Long Range Plann. 37 (6)( 2004) 591 610.71 E. von Hippel, G. von Krogh, Open source software
a distributed business model where different value adding activities are carried out where they can be done most efficiently and cost-effectively The application of software technologies (such as Services Oriented Architecture SOA, Open source,
Services Oriented Architecture SOA, Open source, Web 2. 0 and Mash-ups) are continuing to drive the development of new applications
Google has developed the open source Android operating system and spawned innovation in applications worldwide; Facebook has enabled the building of thousands of apps
developers and social entrepreneurs are innovating with cheap open hardware, open source software, open knowledge, data storage and analytics and are producing valuable data about people, the environment and biometric and sensor data.
Goteo is managed by the nonprofit Open sources Foundation that supports projects that offer some kind of collective return,
such as the open source DIY shoest kit8, a project developed with the support of Fablab Barcelona,
and open source designs are now giving innovators better access to the enabling infrastructures, products, skills and capabilities they need to enhance collaborative making.
People working on open source hardware are creating new organisations, such as the Open source Hardware Association, to coordinate research projects,
such as the open source cars Wikispeed, and build farming tools and new fabrication machines like the Reprap and others.
These products are open source and free, with a worldwide community of peers contributing to the collective discoveries.
A project like openp2pdesign is opening up design processes and tools to enable collaborative communities to undertake large-scale projects that can lead to innovative results in open business, open government or open data.
Projects like Open source Ecology are promoting a shift towards a more sustainable lifestyle. The makers movement is showing how experiments of collaboration
Interesting trends are emerging at the intersection between open hardware, DIY culture, open source software and open data.
Projects and areas of work like Safecast or open source Geiger, the Smart Citizen Kit and open wearables are showing interesting potential in combining innovative technology trends to generate unexpected services.
free CAD/CAM software and open source designs are now giving innovators better access to tools, products,
a makerspace in Milan with a focus on open source, design, digital fabrication and micro enterprises. 28 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe MAKERS MOVEMENT Maker Fairs are interesting expressions of this new form of networking events
and decision-making and is piloting open source solutions across Europe engaging new political partices, citizen movements and governments.
contributing to the W3c Federated Social Web Working group. 32 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe Safecast is both the name of a Geiger counter built by the open source community as well as a global
a nonprofit tech company that specialises in developing free and open source software for the collection, visualisation and interactive mapping of information.
open source and open access Communia PUBLIC DOMAIN The contribution of open knowledge covers the variety of ways in
and moving towards and Open source Internet of Thingst Open-source hardware consists of hardware whose blueprints are made publicly available
largely because of its creators'decision to make the board's design‘open source, 'along with its quick adoption by the international maker movement of D. I. Y. hardware hobbyists, such as makerspaces and Fab Labs. This makes Arduino a key building block of many digital social
the best possible decision making based on a real time data and information from open sources and the best possible alignments of my local providers with the global potential of wider communities (Van Kranenburg 2014) SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
and federated social networks based on open source code and open standards to promote open democracy, collective debate, deliberation and voting.
(i e. free and open source software) can be obtained at a lower cost with a better quality from reliable suppliers,
In effect, open source software should be easy to acquire from government at all levels. Open source procurement As an example, in 2004, the UK government launched
(and reviewed in 2009 and 2010) its policy on ICT32 where special attention was paid to open source procurement.
In this respect, a toolkit was used to ensure that there is a level playing field for open source and that some of the myths associated with open source are dispelled.
Participating in open procurement calls should be made easy. Public procurement of innovative solutions Commissioning tools could also be set up to see
if the deployment of the DSI strategy across Europe is meeting the needs of their target beneficiaries (entrepreneurs, business, developers, citizens and other communities).
It can also include the development of open source mobile phone alternatives such as Fairphone69 on top of which a whole new open ecosystem of services and applications could flourish, based on open-source and open-hardware developments.
ü Explore DSI specific indicators such as Open Data access, digital skills and proliferation of open source projects or creative commons licenses.
Interoperable, customised and modular services and applications based on open source, open access and open hardware can then be built on top of a public federated platform in a dynamic and flexible way,
and clusters Venture and seed capital Guarantee schemes for financing for innovation Experimental instruments Cross-border research centres Open source-Open science Markets for knowledge Regional industrial policy;
50 3. 3. 3 Use of Open source Software...53 3. 3. 4 Deployment and implications of RFID technology...
and interoperability by and for SMES. 3. 3. 3 Use of Open source Software The open source model Open source software (OSS) is computer software
Open source is cited frequently as one of the most important movements in modern software creation. Related projects are supported by the European Commission82
and almost every further and higher education institution makes use of open source software. The promise of open source is better quality, higher reliability, more flexibility, lower cost,
and an end to predatory vendor lock in. Open source licenses define the privileges and restrictions a licensor must follow
in order to use, modify or redistribute the open-source software. OSS includes software with source code in the public domain
collaborative manner and is the most prominent example of open source development and often compared to user generated content.
this is because the right to freely redistribute the software makes selling licences for copies of open source software an unlikely business proposition.
the Open source Warehouse Management System, developed at Fraunhofer-Institut für Materialfluss und Logistik in Dortmund, Germany:
Mywms-The Open source Warehouse Management System Modern Warehouse Management Systems (WMS) have to operate quite a number of different interfaces,
Networked businesses and government set out in the IST 2003-2004work programme of FP6. 82 The European commission has taken several strides towards encouraging the development of open source software.
In October 2006, it granted €3m towards a project, called SQO-OSS, to test the quality of open source software.
And just days before, the Commission extended its open source web portal, the Open source Observatory, (http://ec. europa. eu/idabc/en/chapter/452) to develop interoperability between applications.
Open source development Another approach which has already been implemented successfully in many projects is based on openness
The keyword is Open source: disclosure of all documents and the source codes of a software project as well as a permanent communication between all participants.
mywms, the Open source Warehouse Management System. This system is designed with modern software technologies and tools with the aim to create a widely accepted WMS with well-defined interfaces
The interface to SAP-systems will be certified for mywms. 83 Deployment of Open source Software Deployment of open source software should follow the same pattern of evaluation of needs
whether open source or closed source, is very often much higher than the simple cost of licence acquisition,
and will often be the principal component of the total cost of ownership. 84 There are clearly a number of Open source products that can offer a fast return on investment,
www. mywms. org/export/sites/default/introduction/downloadgallery/mywms beschreibung en. pdf. 84 Joint Information systems Committee (JISC),(2006) Open source Software briefing paper
A recent research has found that almost 40%of European companies already use some type of open source software,
Companies using Open source Software 8 9 21 28 10 13 32 41 21 24 30 47 05 10 15 20 25
30 35 40 45 50 TL (EU-7) 10-49 50-249 250+Open source operating system Open source databases Open source browsers Base (100%:
Is Open source Gaining Adoption In Europe? http://www. forrester. com/Research/Document/Excerpt/0, 7211,38061, 00. html. 86 See e-Businesswatch (Survey 2007.
many large corporations are now deploying Open source products at the heart of their IT, but doing so in a considered and responsible way. 88 Digital signature In cryptography,
Economic impact of open source software on innovation and the competitiveness of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) sector in the EU. Final Report. http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/ict
Open source: Revenge of the Nerds, IT DIRECTOR. 89 Wikipedia, http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Digital signature. 90 American Bar Association Section of Science and Technology Information security Committee E-business
Open source Software. The use of OSS seems to be correlated positively to the size of the company in employees.
Open source: Revenge of the Nerds, IT DIRECTOR. Bresnahan, T. F. and Trajtenberg, M. 1995. General Purpose Technologies"Engines of Growth?
Is Open source Gaining Adoption In Europe? http://www. forrester. com/Research/Document/Excerpt/0, 7211,38061, 00. html. E-business in the transport & logistics industry 198 Free Encyclopaedia of E-commerce (2007:
Joint Information systems Committee (JISC),(2006) Open source Software briefing paper, http://www. jisc. ac. uk/publications/publications/pub ossbp. aspx.
Economic impact of open source software on innovation Verdoorn, P. J. 1949), Fattori che regolano lo sviluppo della produttivitg del lavoro, in:
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