and Tor that are using bottom up privacy-preserving decentralised infrastructure for the open Internet constituted by open standards, open data, free and open software,
and open source software. Crowd-Mapping DSI organisations and their activities: The types of organisations working on DSI in Europe,
contents, software, and data, such as enhancing public domain and making digital contents and information more accessible and reusable by all citizens.
Low-cost home 3d manufacturing tools (3d printers, CNC machines), free CAD/CAM software like Blender, 123d or Sketchup and open source designs are now giving innovators
DIY culture, open source software and open data. Projects like Safecast or open source Geiger, the Smart Citizen Kit,
and Tor are using bottom-up privacy-preserving decentralised infrastructure for the open Internet constituted by open standards, open data, free and open software,
and the organisation behind Github, the collaborative service for open software writers. Academia and research institutions Universities and other research-driven organisations such as think thanks,
which can be programmed with simple, open-source software tools by the user. The idea is that anyone should be able to turn an Arduino into a simple electronic device.
Activity is embedded then in software and interpreted by algorithms through highly normative processes. This smart infrastructure is also increasingly getting to know people by aggregating personal and social data in massive data centres with little privacy and security.
which can be programmed with simple, open-source software tools by the user. The idea is that anyone should be able to turn an Arduino into a simple electronic device such as a light switch and sensor.
The software consists of a standard programming language compiler and a boot loader that executes on the micro controller.
The arrival of Arduino is said to mark the move from open-source software to open-source hardware.
Various educational and innovative projects and products have been built on the back of Arduino's hard and software.
or they can communicate with software running on a computer (e g. Flash, Processing, Maxmsp. 59 The boards can be built by hand
and the software can be downloaded for free. The hardware reference designs (CAD files) are available under an open-source license,
Arduino software is also open-source. The source code for the Java environment is released under the GPL
'Arduino has in many senses heralded a paradigm shift from open-source software alone to open-source hardware.
and software for the Arduino board. Arduino design plans can thus be downloaded and manufactured by anyone;
Open source Software Not only the Arduino hardware is open; the Arduino software is also open-source. The source code for the Java environment is released under the GPL
and the C/C++ micro controller libraries are under the LGPL. 61 Avaaz At a glance:
where the city uses the platform to source ideas from citizens to be debated in the city council on a monthly basis. Type of Organisation The Your Priorities software is open source
Open Active Democracy is the software that powers Your Priorities. As well as being made available on Github
As a nonprofit organisation, donated funds ensure continual development and maintenance of the Your Priority software.
The user interface has been simplified in every generation of the software to enable more people to participate more easily.
For each of those domains, an open software API is developed in one of the participating cities or regions,
Open source Software, which enables the uptake and extension of the software by the development community forgoing stifling discussions on IP and closed development silos Open Data,
as it builds software to publish Linked Open Data in standardised formats that enables app developers to make royalty-free applications that scale Open API's,
that provide a nonproprietary way for data-owners to publish (real-time) datasets use those in applications Agile Software Development, by way of SCRUM tools and methodologies Next to these,
standards are used like GTFS (General Transit Feed Specification) and Open 311, and languages like JSON and RDF API's written in Ruby and Sinatra.
While collaborative coding tools such as Github have challenged somewhat the often asocial aspect of software coding,
The project has also set up http://opendata. confine-project. eu/using the Comprehensive Knowledge Archive Network (CKAN) 23 software.
The overarching aim of the Everyaware platform is to develop an integrated hard and software platform
and software means that Fablab communities both benefit from and contribute to the value of these,
This open approach extends to plans for the phone itself and the software, although there is some way to go on this. 114 How is funded the organisation?
https://github. com/Organisation Name Github Short description Github, a San francisco-based company, was started in 2008 as a way for open source software writers in various locations to rapidly create new
to build better software together. Source code management was historically a particularly asocial (and sometimes antisocial) practice.
in the majority of cases the projects people use Github to collaborate around are code for websites and software solutions.
programmers or companies can use the collaborative platform for free as a place to build open-source software,
Though developed for software code, any types of files can be part of a Github repository,
and Lilypond music notation software files) can take advantage of Git's version tracking and merging features.
As the system of record for software, it is natural that the rest of the software development ecosystem (bug trackers, project management,
and will result in better quality software. Github has remodelled how programmers engage with Source code Management (SCM) a fundamental tool for programmers, that stores,
and merge software code, this same logic can be applied to any types of files that make up the Github repository,
what was closed in the past a, asocial aspect of software coding. By making its coding repository far more transparent,
or register for barely usable software before they too can get involved, etc. What were the main barriers to innovate?
(i e. a series of tests designed to test a software program has specified a set of behavior),
and software standards developed by and for the open source community, such as creative commons to set the standard for how campaigns launched on the platform should use
and open hard and software solutions to develop their products. The Nodo Móvil project campaign is built,
http://liquidfeedback. org/Organisation Name Liquid Feedback Short description Liquid feedback is free open source software
Developed by the Public Software Group based in Berlin, Germany, the platform combines aspects of representative and direct democracy enabling participants in the platform to both vote directly on issues
Type of organisation The Public Software Group who developed the Liquid Feedback software is a not-for-profit organisation based in Berlin, Germany.
History and mission The Liquid Feedback software was published first in October 2009 by Public Software Group.
The software was used first by Germany's Pirate Party that same year, and has, amongst others,
However the developers are fully independent from the users of the software. The Liquid Feedback software is published under an open MIT license
and free for anyone or any organisation to download and use. 130 At the core of Liquid Feedback sit an ambition to create a platform that addresses the gap between representative democracies where people elect representatives to represent
The basic activity of Public Software is to make the Liquid Feedback software freely available to organisations interested in using the platform to create a more deliberative process around shaping
it affects the software, which adds a reason to enhance and improve the overall performance of the software to take advantage of the new feature.
Low cost access open hardware gives grassroots audience the ability to turn their ideas into products or services,
Providing consultancy, bespoke software development and software products to organisations keen to meet the expectations of digital natives.
Developing free and open source software for individuals and organisations around the world who want to build copies of the sites mysociety builds.
Some of the most prominent websites and software solutions developed by mysociety are listed below. Fixmystreet-Fixmystreet Platform is built open-source software to help people run websites for reporting common street problems
like potholes and broken street lights. It has been used in many countries around the world, from Norway to New zealand to Georgia to Italy-where versions based on the original UK Fixmystreet website have been built.
& Freedom of Information software',designed for easy reuse in any country or jurisdiction. Citizens can use Alaveteli to request information from governments,
The software created for this purpose is called Pombola. It's free, open source and available for use anywhere in the world.
One of the benefits of mysociety being a digital NGO is that presently software development is globally a relatively lucrative profession.
As part of this they began to solicit commercial requests to do software development or consulting. In order to keep this activity within the bounds of UK charities law,
while developing‘a reputation as a software company that can solve problems that more traditional web companies can't.'mysociety Ltd.,
Web scraping (web harvesting or web data extraction) is a computer software technique of extracting information from websites.
Web and Software Development: Through developing software OKF are trying to create tools that support a global open knowledge and open data community.
One of the most prominent of these is the Comprehensive Knowledge Archive Network (CKAN), one of the world's leading free open source data portal platforms.
In addition to building software tools for open data the OKFN also seeks to build the open data skills and capacity of governments and civil society organisations,
The open source software is used by more than 70 organisations from Berlin to Nigeria globally to release their data in to open data sets.
Through creating software that can be used to enhance the use of open knowledge, it supports organisations on furthering their work on, for example, open data.
A variety of technologies are being used in Open Knowledge Foundation, mostly web and software development related.
When switched on, users are greeted first by a command line code (which in recent years has tended to remain in the background of closed software programmes),
and software solutions for citizens to contribute to the mapping of radiation levels in Japan following the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in 2011.
While the Safecast team along with a wider open source community is providing the hard and software behind Safecast,
and developing open hardware and software. Safecast describes itself as not being anti nuclear, or pro nuclear but pro data.
Safecast relies heavily on working on and with several open source hard and software solutions. Open hardware such as Arduino forms part of the actual build of the Geiger counter, crowdfunding platforms such as Kickstarter have been used to raise funding for developing different versions of the Geiger counter
the Internet and relies on a range of open hard and software tools. Open Hardware:
It has developed software tools designed to stop people including government agencies and corporations learning web users location or tracking their browsing habits.
The software the Tor browser bundle can be downloaded and used to take advantage of that technology,
The Tor software itself is open source and free for anyone to download and use. Enhancing collaboration and engagement:
*Open Knowledge Organisation Name Ushahidi Short description Ushahidi is a nonprofit tech company that specializes in developing free and open source software for the collection, visualisation and interactive mapping of information.
The current team (of 22 full-time staff) is comprised of individuals with a wide span of experience ranging from human rights 208 work to software development.
a free open source software that can be used to distribute and collect information via text messages.
(because behind the scenes they had been willing to share their coding with anyone who had approached them often talking them through the thought process that led them to design our software in a particular way) the decision to move to an entirely open source paradigm was made
software tool for Energy-using products and processes for SMES in this sector. www. limas-eup. eu/en/eupeco profiler?
TRI-VIZOR's Cross Supply Chain Methodology software makes it possible to maximise in real-time the total community gains in cost and CO2. www. trivizor. com Shields Environment:
For the purposes of the report, ICT is defined as IT hardware, software and services, and telecommunications equipment and services.
Groningen Growth and Development Centre, 2003.0 100 200 300 400 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Software Communication equipment IT equipment The Economist
which manufacture large quantities of ICT hardware and software. Total factor productivity (TFP) growth an important measure of ICT's impact on productivity, has accelerated also in each of these countries4.
Germany, for example long the continent's economic powerhouse, a leader in broadband adoption and home of some of its software giants currently ranks in the middle of EU countries in our ICT development and enabler indices,
The importance of software in the ICT Mix in the US, software has attracted the largest share of ICT investment
since the technology boom began in the early 1990s. By 2000, it accounted for about 14%of total nonresidential capital investment in the US,
Software nonetheless accounted for onethird or more of ICT investment in the UK France and The netherlands in 2000,
Software investment tends to lag purchases of hardware. This may explain the more rapid growth of software investment relative to total investment in the US,
where firms made an early start in deploying IT and networking infrastructure. Assuming that Europe is playing catch up to the US in overall ICT investment
software vendors can probably look to good times ahead in their European markets. Software markets in Western europe proved relatively resilient during the technology slump of 2000-02
continuing to expand at moderate rates, whereas hardware sales declined. IDC, a technology consultancy, projects that the west European software market will expand at a respectable 6. 6%compound annual growth rate over the 2003-07 period to a volume of €57. 5bn
. 1colecchia and Schreyer, 2002; Ahmad, et al, 2004 2ahmad, et al, 2004 The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 15 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge To reap the benefits of ICT we must invest in the parallel areas of organisational capital
Schools and universities produce a steady flow of graduates trained in software programming, network design and other technical aptitudes,
The implication is that it is not enough to deploy new enterprise software or a
the European parliament, industry groups, entrepreneurs and software developers around the ability to patent software. Many large ICT companies (including Microsoft,
the sponsor of this report) favour the extension of patents to cover software as a way to strengthen IP protection across Europe
For their part, independent software developers view software patents as a weakening of copyright protection, and thus no less of a threat to innovative activity in this field.
At the time of writing, the revised European commission directive appeared to weaken the applicability of patents to software.
%respondents) Financial services 16 Telecoms, software and computer services 14 Professional services 12 Construction and real estate 8 Healthcare, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology 8 Automotive 4
In software, you find Criteo, Unity and Openx. Since Skype, the speed at which Europe is generating billion-euro companies has been dramatically increasing.
61 ABB delivers multi-standard 50 kw fast chargers for electric vehicles and industry-leading software solutions for remote servicing.
1999), these capabilities require the complex combination of the technical infrastructure (cabling infrastructure, hardware platform, base software platform), ICT shared services (as communications services), ICT applications (as WEB
yet contribute considerably to innovation in newly emerging industries like biotechnology and computer software (Audretsch, 1995).
Close to 80%of all new technology startups are in information technologies--software, Internet, and telecommunication software.
Because these firms are focused more on providing a service and face much shorter development times,
and components, the development of new software, enhanced user friendliness, and other aspects (OECD, 2005).
Determinants of innovation capability in small electronics and software firms in southeast England. Research Policy, 31 (7), 1053-1067.
The main IT solutions offered were antivirus (to 29%of clients), business management software (to 28%)and web and email (to 19%.
At Sybase, an enterprise software company that spun-off from the original WATCOM Corporation, with over 250 employees in its Waterloo campus alone,
an empirical analysis in Turkish software industry. International Journal of Innovation Management, 12,69-111. Aldrich, H. and Zimmer, C. 1986.
Charles Nicholson, Ultimate Software (U s.;and Klas Bendrik, Volvo Cars (Sweden. Other Gartner colleagues: Frank Buytendijk, Carolyn Damon, Cameron Haight, Heather Keltz, Nick Jones, Kathy Kenny, Poh-Ling Lee, Talmor Margalit, Pierluigi Piva, Paul
The CIO's Front-office Toolkit 2013 No. 6 Succeeding in Tomorrow's Technology Labor market 2013 No. 5 Turbocharging the CIO With Software Tools 2013 No. 4 The Psychology of Serial Innovation
2004) Success of software process implementation 3. 2 Grouping information on countries 3. 2. 1 Cluster analysis Cluster analysis (CLA) is given the name to a collection of algorithms used to classify objects
Available software packages (e g. STATISTICA, SAS, SPSS) allow for different variations of these techniques. The different variations of each technique can be expected to give somewhat different results
, 1995) Success of software process Improvement (Emam et al. 1998) 16 To preserve comparability final weights could be rescaled to sum up to one. 59 6. 1. 2 Data envelopment analysis
As the model is in fact a computer programme that implements steps i) to (vii) above, the uncertainty analysis acts on a computational model.
'for both dependent and independent input factors, are implemented in the freely distributed software SIMLAB (Saltelli et al.,
8. 7 Dashboards The Dashboard of Sustainability (see http://esl. jrc. it/envind/)is a free, noncommercial software
Modeling the likelihood of software process improvement. International software engineering research network, Technical Report ISERN-98-15.29.
Karlsson J. 1998), A systematic approach for prioritizing software requirements, Phd. Dissertation n. 526, Linkoping, Sverige. 71.
A software for sensitivity analysis is available at http://www. jrc. cec. eu. int/uasa/prj-sa-soft. asp. 126.
INFA) is the world's number one independent provider of data integration software. Organizations around the world rely on Informatica to realize their information potential and drive top business imperatives.
In both ways, people purchased the most in Information technology (such as IT hardware and software), Consumer Electronics (such as TVS, audio home systems and Blu-ray players) and Major Domestic Appliances (such as
The core organisation of the cluster Is advanced ASTEMRI Software Technology & Mechatronics Research Institute of Kyoto.
In comparison, the closely related sector of IT and software employs 14,000 people with 2, 200 graduates annually (Innova, 2008.
microelectronics, photonics and software (Wolfe, 2002. Consequently, the Ottawa cluster will be focused upon in this analysis. The Ottawa microelectronics cluster includes semiconductor and electronic component design, computer hardware design,
Secondly, the microelectronics sector in the Ottawa sector has strong interaction with the telecommunications equipment, software,
with different microelectronics industries, e g. telecommunications equipment, software, etc. R&d tax credits important role in cluster strategy.
also emanating into service sectors such as health, software, architecture and construction, telecommunication and engineering services.
but also emanating into service sectors such as health, software, architecture and construction, telecommunication and engineering services, contributing to both product and process innovation.
software 60 23 Alstom FR electronics 121 23 Motorola US electronics 59 24 Infineon DE electronics 121 24 Eaton US
but also including software) with the specific needs of users in specific industry. Developing AMT thus means to have a deep understanding of the industry in which this technology will be applied
the label‘tech'covers a wide spectrum from semiconductor design to smartphone apps with an observation that‘young software firms are geekier
A typical example of using social resources to innovate is the popular phenomenon of open source software 71 and the current Threadless Community 72
An illustrative case of online social networks is the trend towards open source software 71. An oft-given example is the Linux Foundation.
and policy-makers of related products to pool software R&d and generate shared technology. Instead of the traditional extrinsic motivations, external innovators have strong intrinsic motivations such as reputation, fame, intellectual challenge, fun,
Social online networks, such as open source software communities, offer valuable benefits for society by encouraging community members to share their knowledge.
and specialisation in open source software innovation: a case study, Res. Policy 32 (7)( 2003) 1217 1241.37 H. Chesbrough, K. Schwartz, Innovation business models with co-development partnerships, Res.
a multilevel model for Open source innovation, Long Range Plann. 37 (6)( 2004) 591 610.71 E. von Hippel, G. von Krogh, Open source software
I must manage to establish our firm as a software company and, if we can do that,
Technology (including software, hardware, IT services and e-commerce) Telecommunications Banking Media and entertainment Other Pharmaceutical and biotechnology 16%20%7%15%20%22%IT-intensive industry CIOS refers to the CIOS surveyed for this report,
Born to be digital 21 At the global software company SAP, for example, Americas CIO Michael Golz is clear on how digital has transformed the inner workings of the business.
Similarly, the CIO of a leading Chinese bank holds degrees in electrical engineering and in software
Group Software Services, Nedbank 2007 Advanced Management Programme, Harvard Business school 2005 2007 Divisional Director: Project & Programme Management, Nedbank 2004 Divisional Director:
Ru 2007 2010 Deputy CEO, Media World (part of Rosbusinessconsulting) 2006 2006 Director of Software Development Department
These sectors included technology (including hardware, software and other IT services), financial services, life sciences, telecommunications, online and e-commerce.
49,999 22%50,000 and more 19%23%Software, hardware and computer services Banking and financial services 19%8%Chemical, bio-and medical technology 14%Telecommunication operators
West with Medical Technologies and Software. Other regions have potential to develop niche sectors, such as Creative Industries in the West.
There is also a strong ICT (software) base and a growing creative sector and activities (including digital media).
The region is also developing expertise in telecommunications and software development, and has a good base of medical devices companies.
the regionally based workshop highlighted potential in the areas of Medical Technologies, taking advantage of the increasing convergence with ICT, Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Energy and Environmental products and Services, Software
Sectoral Opportunities 9the Bio-economy 10agri-Food 10bio-energy 12tourism 13internationally Traded Services (excluding ICT) 15ict Services & Software 16lifesciences 185.
In the context of this sectoral convergence, core skills become transferrable across sectors, for example, biology, chemistry, engineering, electronics, logistics and software;
and more recently, software development provide a strong platform for future growth in emerging convergent sectors. 9`A workshop for key economic stakeholders was held in Kilkenny on 9th june 2009 10 The sectors listed should not be considered an exhaustive listing,
Many 16 ICT Software & Services are considered separately below 17 Forfás (2008) Catching the Wave A Services Strategy for Ireland FORFÁS REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AGENDA:
ICT Services & Software A new environment has emerged for software companies globally in what has been called‘The New Software Economy'19.
This new context sees a number of trends that provide both opportunities and challenges for software companies,
and for small and medium sized companies and start-ups in particular. These trends include: 18 Expert Group on Future Skills Needs (December 2007) The Future Skills and Research Needs of the International Financial services Industry 19 Enterprise Ireland (2009) Best
Connected-Software from Ireland-A strategy for development of the indigenous software industry 2009-2013 FORFÁS REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AGENDA:
more efficient ways of paying for software Vendors responding to these demands by embracing new delivery and pricing models, such as software as a service (Saas), infrastructure as a service (Iaas), platform as a service (Paas);
and software on demand The emergence of the networked value chain, a distributed business model where different value adding activities are carried out where they can be done most efficiently and cost-effectively The application of software technologies (such as Services Oriented Architecture SOA, Open source,
Web 2. 0 and Mash-ups) are continuing to drive the development of new applications and business models.
Key Assets The dominant activity in the region within the ICT sector is software development.
However, with the exception of the Sun Life Financial software development centre based in Waterford,
The two Institutes of Technology in the region have developed strong education and research programmes in software development.
undergraduate courses are focused on software development, games development and IT systems management. Its applications software and networks research programme (Gamecore) is one of four Centres of Research
and Enterprise (CORE) within the Institute. Gamecore is focused on industry relevant research under a number of themes, such as networks, games engines and development,
Unum and IT Carlow The software development capabilities at IT Carlow were a key attractor in the recent investment by Unum,
a US insurance company who have established a software development centre in Carlow. The company is developing a strong relationship with the Institute
helping to establish a Software Development unit at the Institute, and will also offer internships within its company in Ireland
and the US for students pursuing the BSC (Hons) in Software Development at the Institute.
SOUTHEAST 18 WIT also delivers strong undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in software development. Based on its excellent track record in telecommunications software and systems research, through the TSSG Group, it is the first of the Iots in Ireland to lead an SFI funded Strategic Research Cluster (FAME Federated
Autonomic Management of End-to-end Communications Services. The TSSG's main area of research is communications software services
and it has developed strong expertise in the areas of distributed systems and service oriented architecture. With 160 active staff and students, the TSSG is a significant pool of specialist expertise within the Southeast
The companies typify the kind of activities associated with the‘new software economy'and include: Nubiq mobile website generation and personalisation;
Realising Potential The Institutes of Technology in the region have adopted a focused approach in the area of software development
The region's traditionally strong engineering and manufacturing base and competency in software development has seen also a growth in a variety of sub-supply
Dataworks (Waterford based Irish software company providing manufacturing control systems and Eirgen (Waterford based Irish pharmaceuticals company specialising in formulation development and clinical trials supply services.
Teva Pharma 165 Waters Technologies Medical Technologies 125 Equifax ICT Services 180 Citi Financial services 250 Unum Software 200 Coca cola Beverages
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