Internet and various kinds of enterprise software. But they have been slow to adopt, or are skeptical of, more advanced digital technologies like social media and analytics.
Of course, more efficient products may well reduce demand for new GE goods. But William Ruh, vice president of software at General electric,
instead of the software servicing the people, it is the other way around. Another said that the pace of digital transformation demanded such speed that it is at risk of diluting employee morale.
and software solutions does not provide transparency on governmental level. Cloud computing can address all these issues by:
including hardware, software and operations Reduction of costs for the migration of services towards new platforms Reduction of the number of applications and services (redundant) in the public sector Reduction of the time and cost for procurement of new
or deter fraud and abuse Currently, the European Technology Platform for Software and Services NESSI,
the implementation of an ICT infrastructure, complemented by the installation of educational software (for teaching,
With more than 80 000 visually impaired people living in Romania, the Iasi County Public library approached the Biblionet Romania programme (including voice recognition software and other specialized Internet functions and capabilities
Within the ITC sector, 47.2%of the overall turnover recorded in 2011 is generated by the Telecommunication sub-sector, 24.8%by the Software and IT services sub-sector,
and software does not provide transparency at governmental level Opportunities Threats and constraints The development of an infrastructure for the egovernment of the public services The increase of the public services utilisation degree which are available in the online media The preparation of the coordinated implementation of intra-communitarian projects,
providing process flexibility Instantaneous delivery for the digital products (i e. software) The rapid launch of the new products The existence of fake web sites The acceptance of the new on-line payment systems
and IT/Software development hubs as well as providing cloud services to the rest of the European markets.
Software Delivery Process, Design Guidelines for the Public Entities, necessary key data points for any public service, system lifecycle management, infrastructure management) PURPOSE:
for the Software and Electronics industry National Association for Internet service providers Association of Producers and Distributors of ITC Equipments Romanian Association for Telecom Operators Association for Technology and Internet EOS Foundation Romania
smart business, company, home smart city information security, security technology gamification, simulation and optimisation technology e-learning systems big data data mining software development remote monitoring
developer software and measuring-control instruments in dual training 65 4. 4. Links of the National Smart Specialisation Directions to the Horizon 2020 programme The pillars
developers and social entrepreneurs are innovating with cheap open hardware, open source software, open knowledge, data storage and analytics and are producing valuable data about people, the environment and biometric and sensor data.
This vision requires more investment in fundamental research to promote net-neutrality, strong encryption, banning of trivial patents, open standards and free software together with the multi-stakeholder governance model.
Lowcost home 3d manufacturing tools (3d printers, CNC computer numeric control machines), free CAD/CAM software, like Blender, 123d or Sketchup,
Interesting trends are emerging at the intersection between open hardware, DIY culture, open source software and open data.
free CAD/CAM software and open source designs are now giving innovators better access to tools, products,
create visualisations using the Openspending software and to use the Openspending API. Although the Openspending project has a strong focus on government finance,
a nonprofit tech company that specialises in developing free and open source software for the collection, visualisation and interactive mapping of information.
open data, free and open software and open hardware. Github, the collaborative service for open software developers, is revolutionising the way code is built,
which can be programmed with open-source software tools by the user. The idea is that anyone should be able to turn an Arduino into a simple electronic device such as a light switch and sensor.
CITIZENS ENGAGEMENT AND FEEDBACK 6. Net Neutrality and banning software patents Banning software patents and defending Network Neutrality will keep bottom-up innovation feasible and affordable.
Software packages that are patented can be expensive, and less accessible to potential individual innovators. Also the Internet needs to continue to be a neutral space where creativity can continue to flourish. 7. Gender Equality in DSI Promote gender equality and empowerment of women through ICT in DSI by tackling things such as criteria for funding
and software with experiments to discover better ways of delivering healthcare or reducing carbon emissions.
(i e. free and open source software) can be obtained at a lower cost with a better quality from reliable suppliers,
In effect, open source software should be easy to acquire from government at all levels. Open source procurement As an example, in 2004, the UK government launched
and all public-funded software should use open standards. For a definition of open standards, see Openstand Principles48 Public sector information should be made available under an open knowledge license
as is done today by Fablabs with the Fabacademy, by Hacklabs and Makerspaces with free software and open hardware training,
using analytics software to test demand. Financial Value: There has to be a market for the venture to be sustainable
http://ec. europa. eu/internal market/publicprocurement/modernising rules/reform proposals/index en. htm 34 http://www. nycedc. com/service programs-entrepreneurs 35 http://www
In response, the government said it preferred to extend the life of legacy systems using software layers it called wrappers that would make legacy systems integrate more easily with newer systems. 3 The Cabinet Office
CIP implemented high-speed scanning equipment and intelligent character recognition software to capture printed information from prescription forms and automatically process the form.
of which are interpreted successfully by the intelligent character recognition software first time. The remaining 30 per cent require manual intervention to identify the customer or prescription information.
and the 30 per cent of CIP prescriptions that are processed not successfully automatically by the scanning software.
hardware and software arrangements are in place to cope with the two systems. The team has an appropriate mix of skills to maintain
Software media and licence codes are available and regularly confirmed as operational. NHS Prescription Services:
Software versions are current and fully supported with plans in place for future upgrade. Performance. The availability and performance of the legacy system is captured as part of service performance measurement.
Intangible investments and assets Firms increasingly rely on intangible investments and assets (skills, organisation, software, networks) for competitiveness and growth.
On the small firm using side the rapid growth of software and business method patenting can increase small business costs and the likelihood of infringement.
Many types of business software can improve information and knowledge management within the firm, leading to more efficient business processes and better firm performance.
and organisational changes as well as direct costs of investing in hardware and software solutions. While many studies provide evidence of the positive effects of ICT adoption on firm performance,
office equipment and software over the Internet, but only a small share conduct B2c and B2b Internet e-commerce for nonstandard products.
%20%40%60%80%100%B2b e-commerce B2c e-commerce Software purchase Purchasing materials/office equipment Receiving custmer's feedback Recruitment Order
cost factors (costs of ICT equipment and networks, software and reorganisation, and ongoing costs; and security and trust factors (security and reliability of e-commerce systems, uncertainty of payment methods, legal frameworks.
Items such as software, music and books can be delivered over the Internet, but the volume of such on-line delivery is still very small.
along with music and video, books and magazines and software, are among the leading consumer products sold over the Internet (OECD, 2002c).
open source software has been proposed as an economically viable solution for establishing and upgrading ICT systems. It can enhance system interoperability
Open source software has been proposed as one means of reducing anti-competitive pressures. It may be easier for small firms to have relationships with larger firms at lower cost
and obligatory requirements and interoperability with these services, affecting their choice of systems and software.
Technology neutrality and the interoperability of a variety of network infrastructures and software is essential
the ECJ notes that"with the help of software it has developed, Google processes the data entered by advertisers
however, considers that that under the circumstances of the case at hand a court injunction forcing an internet access provider to introduce filtering software for the prevention of copyright ingringements is incompatible with Article 15 of the Directive construed in the light of the requirements stemming from the protection of the applicable fundamental rights.
in particular those involving the use of peer-to-peer software; which applies indiscriminately to all its customers;
or have been asked to impose the use of filtering software to prevent illegal information and activity by means of injunctions on intermediaries.
and the internet service provider Tiscali141 (now Scarlet) a judge on 29 june 2007 ordered Tiscali to use a specific filtering software("Audible Magic")to prevent infringements of copyright 140 Case C-360/10, Belgische Vereniging
The court considered that this software had proven to be considered effective and that the average cost of implementing the measure did not appear excessive.
In a case concerning Rolex, Ricardo and ebay, two online selling platforms, the Bundesgerichtshof142 (the German Federal Supreme court) considered that an injunction against the two intermediaries forcing them to apply filtering software would not be infringing Article 15.
143 the Court refused to oblige ebay to implement filtering software for its"health and beauty section"to prevent infringements of L'oréal's trademark.
The Court considered that filtering software was not necessary as ebay had made the required efforts to prevent trademark infringements,
the main question concerning Article 15 is to what extent injunctions that impose filtering software are compatible with the prohibition of a general monitoring obligation.
and conditions of its licence agreement with independent developers of applications requiring the use of Apple's native programming tools and approved software languages to the detriment of third-party software.
and supplied in digital form such as computer programmes, applications, games or music). Contracts for the supply of digital content are within the scope of the Directive,
In particular, traders will have to inform (consumer) buyers of digital content not only about its compatibility with hardware and software
the mobile phone industry, the digital amplifier industry, the open source software industry, the mobile operating system Android, the biopharmaceutical industry, Procter&gamble, Italcementi, Deutsche telekom, Innocentive, Roche or the Dutch special
and software substitution may soon make more than 50%of current jobs obsolete. Knowledge workers especially will be under pressure
Other crowdsourcing platforms more focused for the purpose have been targeted e g. to match the specific needs of industrial companies in software development (e g.
Solved), testing of software and hardware products (e g. utest), ideation and concepting (e g. Atizo) or pre-purchase crowdfunding (e g.
Technology utest (http://www. utest. com)> 150 000 software testers Numerex Topcoder (http://www. topcoder. com>600 000 software developers Praxis
Nowadays, many software and consumer electronics companies say openly that they are not the experts in the usage of their products and services,
when making Internet search enquiries for a specific (software or electric device usage related) problem, the users do not end up at the official brand Q&a sites as the first hit,
/a professional network of 150 000+testers and QA professionals in a crowdsourcing complex testing of both software and also hardware of their product for tracking vehicles and assets.
enabled by the FIWARE software platform. Still there remain challenges in synchronising technical platform development and the creation of innovation communities based on the platform.
For the FIRE community the boundary objective can be the ICT software and applications test beds and facilities,
The case of enterprise software',MIS Q.,Vol. 36, Nr. 1, pp. 263-290.22) European commission (2010),‘Interim Evaluation of the Seventh Framework Programme, Report
as the computer programs belong to Harvard university as sponsored software inventions. The Harvard system seems on the surface to bear likeness to the Finnish system but somewhat clearer and perhaps more sophisticated as to the definition of rights and the clarity of allocation.
However, this is not the whole picture of IP created in universities there are copyrightable computer programs, content,
and networking software. This empirical study was carried out in the context of the OLLD's matchmaking session that was held in Amsterdam on Tuesday, 2 september 2014.
Concurrently, the PCN approach was implemented into a software prototype 6, 12,13 named CONEX that operates as an online service.
It is organised as a nonprofit association (c-base e. V.)offering skill enhancement for hardware, software and network usage.
Seminars and events address topics such as open source software, mobile applications or 2d/3d design. Nonmembers have restricted access to the lab facilities that comprise
and often have a particular economic focus or specialisation, such as media, design or software development.
devices and services for interdisciplinary and collaborative work addressing diverse mobile professionals (freelancers, microentrepreneurs, start-ups), most of whom work in creative industries such as design, media, arts or software development.
machines and related software including for instance 3d printers, laser and vinyl cutters or CNC milling machines. Sometimes, more traditional workshop tools supplement these technologies.
-and software and further education within the fields covered by the lab. Co-working labs,
design, music, games, software development, energy and automotives. Other disciplinary or sectoral specialisations are nevertheless also possible.
software and hardware that can enable individuals with creative ideas or small enterprises to make developments is available.
new hardware and software will become available over time allowing new functionalities. To ensure that the system has a sufficiently long economic lifetime,
Open Remote provides an open source software platform to integrate lighting and open data from various sources is used together with data from large numbers of sensors from various suppliers.
S m A r T C i T i e S 89 In the first phase of the project the emphasis has been on the realisation of the hardware and software infrastructure.
luminaires, sensors, routers, software. The results of this technological innovation process were off-the-shelf products, fulfilling the regulations set by governmental and public organisations.
looking beyond the software and inside technology and enter the world of hardware. We have seen high adoption rates of banking apps,
to software. Often, regular hardware and peripherals are being sold at rock-bottom prices. This is the case in the printing industry.
The high mark up items are the software, accessories and ink. It's the same model used by the auto and telecom industries.
For the software industry micro-transactions for updates are more common and are much more frequent.
hardware is the new software. Hardware is a good way to create connectivity with the client.
and increasing the effectiveness of business processes (1). One of the interesting features of the FI-PPP programme is that it develops a European level common technology platform offering generic, reusable software components
and technology platform (FI-WARE) as well as common software components called‘generic enablers'aiming for wide use across a range of sector applications,
The hardware and software requirements and the quality levels needed to deploy Onstar safely as a vehicle-based application are quite impressive,
The renewal rate for the software and applications is even shorter. The data scientist might find new emerging patterns that spark the development of new applications.
'Two executives came up with the idea for enhancing the company's tax preparation software for tax 132 O P E N I N N O V A t I O N y
and many people went on to purchase the software as well. The organisation is rolling this insight out into new products (8). The concept of collaboration is exemplified in the ideas of the shared or collaborative economy.
As part of their partnership with Siemens, Local Motors uses their computer-aided design (CAD) software and recommends the software to its global community of 30 000 designers.
Local Motors also works with large enterprises through hosted challenges, whereby the enterprise may outsource a design task to the Local Motors community of designers in exchange for cash prizes.
2013 16 open source software communities on the Web can help SMES overcome financial constraints and access external competencies and valuable complementary assets (e g.,
However, potential of Web 2. 0 innovation platforms and communities to support the open innovation activities of SMES outside the special case of the software industry. 2. Empirical study 2. 1
Is Open source Software about Innovation? Collaborations with the Open source Community and Innovation Performance of Software Entrepreneurial Ventures, Journal of Small Business Management, 50 (2), pp. 340-364.61.
Plehn-Dujowich J. M. 2009. Firm size and types of innovation, Economics of Innovation & New Technology, 18 (3), pp. 205-223.62.
but the software also can make choices for the customer depending in the skeleton, weight, age,
the acquisition of innovative, externally developed machinery, equipment, and software (iv; the acquisition of external knowledge through licenses or other types of contracts (v). A company's external knowledge acquisition is captured by calculating the average score of the five questionnaire items registering a firm's use of these external
The idea was to build a better way to recommend movies to its users than its own software.
and computer engineers called Bellkor's Pragmatic Chaos. The group developed software that is at least 10%more accurate than Netflix's current software (Cinematch) at predicting which movies customers will like based on their past preferences.
but focuses only on companies that develop open source software. Lecocq & Demil (2006) study the U s. tabletop role-playing game industry,
such as in the open source software (Henkel, 2004; Hienerth, 2006. This practice is also becoming fashionable in other industries such as car design, electronic games,
Open source software from commercial firms Tools, complements, and collective invention. Zfb-Ergänzungsheft. Henkel. J.,2006.
Determinants of innovation capability in small electronics and software firms in southeast England. Research Policy 31,1053 1067.
the paradox of firm investment in open-source software. R&d Management 36,319-331.45 The results of EIM's Research Programme on SMES and Entrepreneurship are published in the following series:
but the software also can make choices for the customer depending in the skeleton, weight, age,
the acquisition of innovative, externally developed machinery, equipment, and software (iv; the acquisition of external knowledge through licenses or other types of contracts (v). A company's external knowledge acquisition is captured by calculating the average score of the five questionnaire items registering a firm's use of these external
The idea was to build a better way to recommend movies to its users than its own software.
and computer engineers called Bellkor's Pragmatic Chaos. The group developed software that is at least 10%more accurate than Netflix's current software (Cinematch) at predicting which movies customers will like based on their past preferences.
In the two categories of IT hardware and software, there were a few European companies that spent more than €1 billion on R&d in the year 2004.
1 The situation is even worse in software and computer services. SAP was the only European company spending more than €1 billion for R&d,
In the software sector there are 14 US companies and six from Europe (SAP, UBISOFT Entertainment, Dassault systemes, Sage,
Amdocs and Invensys). There are few European companies who are not only in the top list of software producers,
Second, data on patents may be criticized as less relevant for some subsectors of IT, such as software,
The EU has some excellent software companies with strong positions in their subsectors or niches there are just too few compared to the US.
Examples include SAP in enterprise software, Autonomy in unstructured search and Sage in accounting and customer relationship management software for smaller businesses.
European commission, 2010: 37) In addition, Europe is relatively strong in embedded software, particularly in real-time applications for industrial automation, thanks to its leadership in the fields of mechanical and electrical engineering.
However, this software is sold not typically separately from the equipment. Again, the reasons behind large differences in performance between large markets and niches are worth exploring.
Third, one might refer to the linguistic heterogeneity of European countries to explain the difficulty in producing standardised or packaged products in software.
According to this interpretation, European software companies would be globally competitive, but they specialize in customised software products,
as well as basic, research in hardware and software and contributed to the development of new hardware.()
however, particularly after the development of the software industry. In December 1968 IBM was forced by the US authorities to unbundle the commercialization of software from sales of hardware products, giving origin to a separate industry,
which then propagated in several application areas (Mowery, 1996). In many cases the development of software was the product of a large-scale entrepreneurial effort,
carried out by thousands of individual programmers. As Campbell-Kelly (2003: 209) puts it: In the late 1970s, a typical software development firm consisted of one or two programmers with strong technical skills but no manufacturing, marketing or distribution capabilities.
This trend was reinforced after the emergence of the personal computer (PC) in the 1980s, but also in the huge growth of the videogame industry and of software applications after the internet revolution.
In the software industry, most of the R&d is done by youthful programmers, usually not trained past the bachelor's degree level,
In addition, the scientific foundations for the modern notion of software were established by academic groups in the 1940s and early 1950s.
(or have their students develop) software code in order to test their results. This is facilitated by the fact that the test of theories can be done in a relatively cheap way, by writing and running programs
At the same time, the symbolic representational nature of computer programs made it possible to explore hundreds of different directions at relatively low cost.
One-fifth of the top scientists also actively produce complete software and mention it in their CVS.
Number of ISI international papers 983 1 284 24.73 34.59 Other research output Software 204 1 56 4. 14 6. 081
as well as software development and patents. Computer science has been based on a fierce competition for students and researchers worldwide.
pioneering work in software during the 50s in Central europe. In History of Computing: Software Issues, U Hashagen, R Keil-Slawik and A l Norberg (eds..
Berlin: Springer. Becchetti, L 2001. The determinants of suboptimal technological development in the system company component producers'relationship.
A History of the Software Industry. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Campbell-Kelly, M and W Aspray 2004.
Institutional frameworks and the evolution of the German software and biotechnology industries. Industry and Innovation, 6 (1), 5 24.
and the Software. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Mounier-Kuhn, P E 1994. French computer manufacturers and the component industry, 1952 1972.
The International Computer Software Industry. Oxford, UK: Oxford university Press. Mowery, D c and N Rosenberg 1998.
Hardware software. An equivalence and a contradiction. In Foundations of Computer science. Potential-Theory-Cognition, C Freksa, M Jantzen and R Valk (eds..
The companies that received Magneton support come from different high tech fields, such as communication, biotech, software, new materials.
The companies that received Magneton support come from different high tech fields, such as communication, biotech, software, new materials.
or generated by a wide range of devices or software. H2020 Reflective 7 b 10 19 ICT 22 R&i action (a) H2020-Reflective 7 Budget:
when the hardware and software used to store them becomes obsolete, material may be lost when storage devices deteriorate over time,
Development of first class office space that will serve as a centre for the development of the software and internationally traded services in the region Enterprise Ireland;
In the context of sectoral convergence, core skills become transferable across sectors, for example, biology, chemistry, engineering, electronics, logistics and software;
and more recently, software development have provided a strong base to build strong enterprises (both indigenous and foreign in origin) within the region, particularly in Medical Technologies, Food Processing, Pharmaceuticals and International & Financial services.
KSH Machinery, instrument and software investment Statistics distinguishes three types within the R&d investments: machine and instrument investments, software investments and building investments. 13,9%15,5%17,5%11,4%11,4%11,7%11,4%11,3%15,6%0%2%4%6
%8%10%12%14%16%18%20%0 10 20 30 40 50 60 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
The share of software investments fluctuated around 3-8%of the total amount. 61-75%was used for machines
CCDC CSD Cambridge Crystallographic Data centre (CCDC) provides high-quality information, software and services in the fields of chemistry and crystallography.
or even statistically analysed by various softwares (including the program package developed and continuously updated by Cambridge Crystallographic Data centre (CCDC)).
and manufacturing, including software development, medical devices, food, clean 4 Making It Happen Growing Enterprise for Ireland, Forfás/DJEI, 2010 5 technologies, tourism, construction etc.
Creative and Cultural Enterprise ICT including next generation internet and computing, information security, software, gaming, social networking, digital media, digital content, e-learning;
and manufacturing, including software development, medical devices, food, clean 4 Making It Happen Growing Enterprise for Ireland, Forfás/DJEI, 2010 5 technologies, tourism, construction etc.
Creative and Cultural Enterprise ICT including next generation internet and computing, information security, software, gaming, social networking, digital media, digital content, e-learning;
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