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For example the client could be the director of a particular division of an Austrian ministry
Strategic guidelines, Report to the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology BMVIT, Vienna, 2007.42 City of Vienna, Wiener Strategie für Forschung, Technologie und
and cooperation among national and regional research programs organized by ministries and national funding agencies in the member states.
as well as various projects for industrial firms, the Ministry of Trade and Industry, the Committee for the Future of the Parliament.
A systematic and strategic approach to develop standards for the service sector was initiated in Germany in the year 2000 with a large project Service Standards for Global Markets funded by the German Ministry for Education and Research 34.
and marketing issues, have to be involved as well as those ministries responsible for general regulatory issues and the officers in regulatory bodies taking care of the implementation of regulations.
but also in the fields of standards, regulation and intellectual property rights on behalf of the European commission and Ministries in Germany and other countries. 516 K. Blind/Technological forecasting & Social Change 75 (2008) 496 516
It was a technology foresight exercise explicitly aimed at the industry and education ministries and their agencies.
The involvement of industrial organisations as sponsors was perceived by ministry people as an indication that the exercise was no more than a lobbying device.
On the other hand, other stakeholders suggested that the greater involvement of ministries would also have undermined legitimacy by turning the exercise into an outlet for government policy and opinion.
in the future, Foresight, OST, London, 1999.41 B. Alesi, S. Bürger, B. Kehm, U. Teichler, Bachelor and Master Courses in Selected Countries Compared with Germany, Federal Ministry
Tech mining to accelerate radical innovation, PICMET 2007 Proceedings, 2007.19 Y. Yasunaga, M. Watanabe, M. Korenaga, Outline of the strategic technology roadmap of METI (Ministry of Trade and Industry
b German Federal Ministry for Research and Education, BMBF, Germany c Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering, Germany d Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation research, Germany
the Federal German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) launched a new foresight process which aimed at four specific targets.
Foresight process Fully fledged foresight Bibliometrics Strategic partnerships Research alliances 1. Introduction In September 2007, the Federal German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) launched a new foresight process
The process was considered to be the major approach of a German ministry in science and technology foresight.
Even as follow-up of the High-tech Strategy of the government 2, administrated in the same ministry,
and last but not least, in ministries. Therefore, organisations often struggle to come up with adequate and timely responses.
Creating awareness for these topics is expected already to have an effect in the ministry. In these cases, the expected impact of the process will be an addition to the research agenda,
including partners from very different institutions, maybe even ministries. They have to be differentiated from a more specific definition of research alliances and innovation alliances like those
Previous processes often tackled topics that were too broad for the ministry to handle (e g. the society in general.
foresight was relatively new for German communities and for the ministry itself. It did not have to fight high expectations
which is thematically not directly influenced by the ministry and its organisational chart but includes information and knowledge from different sources and by different means and methods.
4/8/2008.2 Federal Ministry for Education and Research (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF)( ed.),Die Hightech-Strategie für Deutschland, Bonn
, Berlin 2006.3 K. Cuhls, Methoden der Technikvorausschau-eine internationale Übersicht, IRB, Stuttgart, 2008.4 Science and Technology foresight Center, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports
in Japan, Delphi Report) Report no. 97, NISTEP, Tôkyô, 2005.5 Science and Technology foresight Center, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), in:
) Report no. 95, NISTEP, Tôkyô, 2005.6 Science and Technology foresight Center, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), in:
Technologie (Federal Ministry for Research and Technology, BMFT (Ed.),Deutscher Delphi-Bericht zur Entwicklung von Wissenschaft und Technik (German Delphi Report on the Development
new foresight on science and technology, Technology, Innovation and Policy, Series of the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation research ISI no. 13, Physica, Heidelberg, 2002.30 Science and Technology foresight Center, Ministry
She manages the consortium that runs the BMBF Foresight process for the German Federal Ministry for Research and Education.
Amina Beyer-Kutzner is responsible for the BMBF Foresight in the Federal Ministry for Research and Education
Ministries can be obliged by regulation, cabinet decision or voluntary agreement, for example, to undertake scenario planning regularly
The daylong workshop was comprised of a number nanotechnology researchers, a ministry of health representative, a large chemical company, a trade union representative, a nanotechnology industry association,
say a firm or ministry, they could refer to scenario elements and discuss around these, allowing an easier route to some of the key issues.
The council was located in the Danish research Agency under the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation,
which is part of the Ministry of Economic and Businessaffairs (which also covers energy). The programme and its strategies are coordinated with general national energy polices and often also with other policy areas;
Together with major changes in the Energy Authority and the ministry responsible for it, this turbulence had a major influence on the strategy activities of the Energy research programme.
A third funding source for energy research, a New energy and Environment Research programme, was established also in the period through the Strategic research Council, under the auspices of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation.
REFU) is an advisory board for the Energy Authority and the Ministry of Economic and Business affairs.
but the Ministry did not approve this Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014 Foresight and strategy in national research councils and research programmes 927 suggestion.
and information functions) Energy Authority System operators (PSO actors) Consultants Other actors involved in the process Scientists Communication consultants Ministry of Science
the Ministry of Culture, Higher education and Research (MCHER) as the key policy centre with respect to Luxembourg research;
The Centre of Competence in Molecular Medicine was launched in 2008 as an initiative of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, the Ministry of Health and the MCHER.
Historically, institutions whether ministries, fundiin agencies, or research performers have tended to keep priority setting‘in-house'.
Also for the political entities (Ministries chamber of commerce, etc. more immediate issues prevailed and seemed to be the main focus for them. 6. Foresight impacts Given the wide scope of participation in foresight exercises,
Accordingly, it organised a consultation among the various ministries with a stake in the research domains,
and the ministry of research do not mention directly the national priorities or the Foresight results, leaving the degree of ownership within the research institutions and themchersomewhat unclear for the moment.
or indirectly if the champion is a ministry or a funding organisation. Of course the foresight practitioners need to channel
Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014 950 F. Glod et al. 4. The use of the term‘in-house'can refer to actors beyond the officials of a ministry
For examplle the Ministry of Trade and Industry has facilitated a so-called Foresight Forum (Könnölä, Brummer, and Salo 2007;
Furthermore, in 2007 the Ministry of Trade and Industry started a process towards the establisshin a National Innovation strategy,
and Innovation policy Council as of January 2009) is to assist the Government and its ministries by addressing, for instance,
Ministry of Education. http://www. minedu. fi/export/sites/default/OPM/Tiede/tutkimus-ja innovaationeuvosto/TTN/julkaisut/liitteet/Review 2006. pdf?
and 12th 2009 in the framework of the ANR-OGM COBINA research project. 10 Decision announced by Ilse Aigner, federal ministry for agriculture, on April 14th 2009.
In the UK, the Development, Concept and Doctrine Centre (DCDC) a Directorate General of the Ministry of Defence (MOD) conducted a foresight process that produced as a key output a report‘‘the DCDC Global Strategic Trends Programme
1 UK Ministry of Defence, UK Foresight Office Horizon scan; Global Futures Forum Vancouver April 2008, Europe@2025 European commission.
The work is carried out in co-operation especially with the Ministries relevant as regards the topic of the foresight report
as well as with other ministries and public organisations. Also a large group of experts from research institutes, private companies,
An open question remains how various ministries will connect themselves in implementing the recommendations and conclusions in Government Foresight report.
Notes 1. Summary of the strategy is available on the web site of the Ministry of Employment and the Economy:
He has worked on a number of futures-oriented research and development projects with several Finnish ministries and security organisations and in several EU-funded research projects.
In companies, public organisations and in ministries foresight exercises are conducted for many reasons and with different effects.
and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research related to transferring results from foresight and similar strategy processes into research policy making and research infrastructure creation. 2. Lessons from earlier work The challenge of transferring foresight results into strategic planning is well known in a business context.
Table I their relevance to strategic dialogues for transferring the results of foresight activities and similar strategy processes into research policy development. 3. The situation in Germany To support research policy development the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
Firstly, strategic dialogues have helped to overcome the necessarily limited perspective of individual units within an organization such as a federal ministry by connecting units with each other in a loose network where ideas can VOL. 15 NO. 1 2013 jforesight jpage 21
Finally, beyond the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, other governmental institutions might need to be involved, for example other federal ministries, state governments and district and city councils.
if already relevant, other federal ministries. This can be achieved in a joint meeting or interactive workshop session.
and brings in expertise on the subject matter from outside the ministry. A small number of selected experts covering different aspects of the subject matter and a variety of perspectives are selected
At this point, BMBF units as well as other relevant ministries are brought together again to review the results
and they show the application of this dialogue approach in a range of different situations. 5. 1 Strategic dialogue to transfer results from the BMBF Foresight process Strategic dialogues were conducted, for example, for focus areas from the latest BMBF Foresight process (German Federal Ministry
In addition, contact with three other German federal ministries was established. To transfer the results of the focus area‘‘Produzierenkonsumieren 2. 0''into activities,
and for involving the public (German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, 2010b). 5. 3 Strategic dialogue to develop a model for public private partnerships A third example of a successful strategic dialogue was the definition of a novel type of innovation cluster across academia and industry implemented as public private partnerships.
B consideration of the existing structure of departments within the Ministry as well as known difficulties in initiating activities across departments;
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (2010a),‘BMBF Foresight'',available at: www. bmbf-foresight. de (accessed May 1, 2011.
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (2010b),‘Zukunftsbild Morgenstadt'',available at: www. bmbf. de/pubrd/morgenstadt. pdf (accessed May 1, 2011.
Twelve roundtable discussions were facilitated with senior representation from a cross-section of policy areas, mainly from government ministries and agencies (approximately 90 participants in total.
In 2007, the RF Ministry of Education and Science initiated the National S&t Foresight until 2025 to identify S&t priorities (Sokolov, 2008a,2009.
Therefore for this additional investigation the RF Ministry of Education and Science initiated the second cycle of the National S&t Foresight until 2030.
The third foresight study commissioned by the RF Ministry of Natural resources and Ecology was devoted to exactly this task:
B Direct impact (medium) This means that the project results were used directly for decision-making at Ministry level (corresponding decisions could concern the forming of a research agenda, budget allocation, etc..
were identified in the course of a special study commissioned by the RF Ministry of Natural resources and Ecology.‘‘
Also, suggestions on amendments to strategic documents of RF Ministries were proposed. As an example, below are presented priorities for innovation-based development of the‘‘industrial waste and cumulative ecological damage''sphere:
and commissioned by the RF Ministry of Natural resources and Ecology (because the focus of FS3 is in the the sphere of responsibility of this Ministry).
The RF Ministry of Education and Science used the lists of the most important innovation
because the results were used for decision-making at the level of the Ministry. At the same time the FS2 project showed that for full use of the priorities identified for the natural resources sector,
Also, suggestions for amendments to strategic documents of RF Ministries were proposed Update of the list of innovation priorities PAGE 50 jforesight jvol. 15 NO. 1 2013 create an adequate management system for the sector.
In the framework of this study proposals to amend the relevant RF Ministry of Natural resources strategic documents (for example, Ecological Doctrine of the Russian Federation, Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Land Code of the Russian Federation
The RF Ministry of Education and Science used the lists of the most important innovation
proposals to amend relevant strategic documents of the RF Ministry of Natural resources (e g. Ecological Doctrine of the Russian Federation, Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Land Code of the Russian Federation, federal law‘‘About Environmental Protection,
The RF Ministry of Education and Science used the lists compiled as a basis for selection of the projects to be funded.
Future challenges to the Finnish Forest Sector, University of Joensuu and Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland, available at:
& future technology of Korea-challenges and opportunities (Korea 2030) China's Report of Technology foresight 2004 Report year 2005 2005 2004 Project promoter/initiator Ministry of Education
, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan The Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of korea Ministry of Science and Technology agency or organization responsible for the foresight activity Science and Technology foresight Center, National Institute
with FTA ACTIVITIES being governed by one ministry (BMBF), focused largely on science-industry relations, and moving from forecasting activities and expert-driven identification processes towards the inclusion of expertise from a broader range of disciplines, a wider range of stakeholders and sometimes also the knowledge of lay people.
nanotechnology has been on the policy agenda of the federal German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) since the late 1990s.
a network of important actors was already in place revolving around one federal ministry. Priorities were set focusing on the positions, needs,
and science. 7 These early network activities did not involve other ministries or government agencies, as opposed to the US case.
7 These networks represent organizations that have been funded by the Ministry before. Especially industrial players such as Bayer, Degussa, Siemens, Zeiss, industry-oriented organizations of applied science such as Fraunhofer-Institutes,
they received funding from other programs of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)( e g.,
In 2006, the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) established the Nanokommission a stakeholder commission on nanotechnologies as part of the federal government's high-tech strategy.
a women's association and a medical practitioners'organization, trade unions, churches, academia, industry and government bodies (such as federal ministries and agencies as well as ministries on the regional and state level) discussed their positions 51.
However, the next strategic document, the Action Plan Nanotechnology 2015 refers to only some initiatives of other ministries and agencies (mainly with regard to regulation,
rather than future strategies) without mentioning past or future cooperation and collaboration among ministries and agencies of the federal government 52.
In summary, for over a decade, the German variety of FTA ACTIVITIES was governed mainly by one ministry (BMBF) and focused largely on science industry relations.
such as other ministries and their agencies (for instance the BMU and the Federal Environment Agency) stepped in only after the funding strategy was established already.
In contrast to the US, Germany lacks an organizational structure that brings together the expertise of the broad variety of ministries, agencies, stakeholders,
or uninvited forms of civil participatory action. 8 The ministries involved were the Federal Ministry of Labour and Social affairs (BMAS),
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU), Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BMELV), Federal Ministry of Defence (BMVG), Federal
Ministry of Health (BMG), and Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWI). 449 P. Schaper-Rinkel/Technological forecasting & Social Change 80 (2013) 444 452 In this later stage, heterogeneous stakeholders beyond the actors of the early established nano-policy networks
, such as NGOS and representatives of the lay public, were involved often in FTA PROCESSES, although the role of these processes differs significantly with regard to decision making.
and ministries of the federal government and to pool the knowledge gained in stakeholders processes conducted beyond the BMBF.
In Germany other ministries and government agencies have their own agendas with regard to the future governance of nanotechnology without being part of a common board where strategies are compared and aligned.
Unlike in the US, the governance network in Germany is centralized around one ministry (the BMBF) lacking a continuously working governance structure to bring together the variety of actors involved in nano-related innovation processes.
Other ministries, such as the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) focus on regulation issues relevant for their domain without being involved fully in the ecosystem of nano-related Innovation policy definition
and implementation is organized not by involving a broad variety of stakeholders and the policy system remains unchanged.
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU), 2011, Berlin. 52 BMBF, Action Plan Nanotechnology 2015, BMBF, Bonn, 2011.53 T
Some reside in specialised ministries while others are devolved to agencies. This landscape has formed the demand environment for FTA ACTIVITIES
Empirically, this section is based on publicly available reports and internet information from relevant governmental bodies (ministries and agencies.
the Danish research Council for Research policy recommended that the Ministry for Science consider utilising futures studies in affiliation with its strategy processes 28.
The council also recommended that the ministry assessed international experiences in this area and refer to foresight programmes in the UK,
the ministries were reorganised, and the technology foresight programme was moved to 1 Authors'translation. P. D. Andersen
L. B. Rasmussen/Futures 59 (2014) 5 17 11 the new Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation.
The background notes were prepared by senior staff in relevant ministries. On the first day of the meetings, a number of Danish and international presenters who were
and dialogue processes with ministries, institutions and non-governmental organisations, for example. Every four years, such a process should result in a catalogue of important themes for strategic research.
Furthermore, ministries contributed 90 proposals 33. The evaluation found that 64%of all proposals came from the public research and education sector,
The members of the expert panel were appointed by the Strategic research Council based on nominations from Ministries
This phase consisted of dialogue meetings between the expert panel and the Strategic research Council, the Council for Independent Research, Individual Ministries,
Mapping OECD horizontal scanning Public hearing among all interested citizens Input from ministries 125 trends and challenges 432 suggestions 90 suggestions In principle, everybody interested in strategic research 2:
Final proposal Dialogue with stakeholder organisations, ministries and research councils Reduction to 21 themes for strategic research Strategic research council (14) Independent research council (18) Contacts in ministries (15
Et prioriteringsgrundlag for strategisk forskning, Danish Ministry for Science, Technology and Innovation, Copenhagen, 2008p.91. P. D. Andersen, L. B. Rasmussen/Futures 59 (2014) 5 17 17
Although all thirteen ministries were involved, given the amount and diversity of (sub-)departments within each Ministry,
the interviews were not representative of the Ministry in question in all cases. However, since the aim was to explore how foresight
and strategy are related in policy processes at a national level, this was not a problem
and we deliberately decided to interview all Ministries instead of focusing on one individual Ministry. In addition, a survey was conducted among civil servants involved with foresight
The response rate was over 40%(120 surveys completed) with a large majority of the respondents (88%)working for Dutch Ministries (such as Justice and Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality.
'In each Department (thirteen in total), one interview was conducted to obtain a broad view of how Dutch ministries deal with foresight and organisational development.
Ministries increasingly call in external experts, both from the public and private sector, with the aim of gathering actual information to feed the scenario analysis,
the civil servants at the different ministries. Nevertheless, there is a consensus among the same civil servants that there is a definite need to adopt a structured approach to long-term developments.
albeit with an interesting nuance when it comes to the interaction between the Ministry and Parliament:
An exploratory study into the relationship between futures research and strategy and policy processes at Dutch ministries, Futures 41 (2009) 607 618.24 P. A. van der Duin, J. Dirven, C
. Hazeu, E. van der Linde, P. Rademaker, On the use of futures research for organizational change in Dutch government ministries, Futures 12 (2010) 23 36.25 O. Da
1 The author gratefully acknowledges the support of the Innovation-Oriented Research program‘Integral Product Creation and Realization (IOP IPCR)' of The netherlands Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation.
Rijkswaterstaat WINN Rijkswaterstaat (RWS, part of the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment) is responsible for the management and implementation of the Dutch road and water infrastructure.
7 which is subsidized by the German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF).(2) Innovation catalysts that aim at supporting existing activities methodological.
and do not necessarily reflect the views of The netherlands Ministry of Education, Culture and Science neithhe those of the other partners involved in the project.
Most of the broader governmental horizon scans were initiated by ministries of defence or their agencies (Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centrre 2006;
Other examples were initiated by ministries or departments, such as the Department for Environment, Food and Rural affairs (DEFRA) in the UK (DEFRA, 2006), the Ministry of Economic Affairs of The netherlands (Ministerie van Economische Zaken, 1998), The french Department of Transport
and Maritime Affaair (Direction générale de l'Industrie, des Technologiie de l'information et des Postes, 2000) and of Industry (Ministère de l
Departmental Victor van Rij is senior advisor foresight of the Knowledge Directtorat of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science in The netherlands.
The Danish scan focused on the policy domains of all ministries and therefore implicitly took in all the values incorporated in the policies and services for
'and to create new provisions within all ministries (so-called knowledge chambers). The horizon scanning task will be maintained
and has been provisionally realloccate to the newly formed Knowledge Directorate of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science.
DASTI is an agency of the Danish Ministry of Sciennce Technology and Innovation that aims to promoot research and innovation of a high international standard for the benefit of Danish society, facilitating development in economic,
which is acknowledged in the research 2015 document (Daniis Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, 2008) that sets the stage for research prioritisation in Denmark for the coming four years in a clear relationnshi to the challenges facing
In future, the way forward may be to link the broad national scan with more in depth departmental scans from other ministries
Danish Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation 2008. RESEARCH2015 A Basis for Prioritisation of strategic Reseaarch Available from<http://en. fi. dk/publications/publications-2008/research2015-a-basis-for-prioritisation-ofstrattegicres/research2015-net. pdf
or decentrallized (e g. within a specific ministry or done individually in each agency with no central suppoor or supported by some central foresight body or outside research institute or both) In your opinion, has done your country anything unique that is making foresight work in your conteex
These are managed by the NISTEP within the Ministry of Education, Science, Technology Sports and Culture (MEXT.
In all cases these successful functions were housed within a ministry responsible for innovation. In Ireland this was the Industry Ministry
while in Thailand it is the NSTDA. In Finland, the Parliamenntar Committee on the Future is supported by a national fund for R&d (SITRA-government investtment augmented by a significant Nokia share sale in the 1990s) as well as by government S&t focused agencies such as the TEKES, VTT
,(Minisstr of Trade and Industry) and the Academy of Finland, part of the Ministry of Education.
Not only were housed they within the correct ministry, this was identified as the primary client for the foresight results.
The UK seems to have developed this capacity the most where the science advisor has repeatedly been able to engaag key ministries as joint sponsors and receptoor for the results.
This project was funded by the Asia-pacific Economic Cooperaatio (APEC) and the National science and Technology Developmmen Agency Ministry of Science and Technology, Royal Thai government.
Japan Government-sponsored cooperrativ R&d projects organized by Ministry of International Trade and Industry (1983 1989) 226 Selection correction:
+for firms with less than 200 employees+for firms adopting CIMT for first time Lach (2002), Israel R&d grants from Office of Chief Scientist at Ministry of Industry and Trade (1990 1995) 325 Difference
and is supervised by the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation. Its inception was part of government efforts to promote science, technology and innovation (ST&I) develoopmen in Brazil in order to advance economic growth, competitiveness and well-being.
FINEP is one the main agencies under the Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation (MCTI.
The results of these workshops (held with the participation of representattive from government (MCTI and other ministries),
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