Economics

Economics (121)
Evolutionary economics (15)

Synopsis: Economy: Economics: Economics:

The paper shows that concepts applied to biological evolution are applicable, through useful metaphors, to economics and technology assessment.

Neo-Schumpeterian economics; Evolutionary economics; Social studies of technology; Policy strategy Available online at www. sciencedirect. com Technological forecasting & Social Change 75 (2008) 462 482 Corresponding author.

uncertainty and interactivity. 1 Even if certain 1 In particular evolutionary and Neo-Schumpeterian economics as well as Social Studies of Technology have made important contributions 2. 464 E. A Eriksson,

This suggests an approach more inspired by portfolio selection in financial economics. However, it must be kept in mind that despite advances in modularity,

Elgar Companion to Neo-Schumpeterian Economics, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2007, pp. 1071229 3 J. Gavigan, Panorama de la Prospective en Europa.

Journal of Ecological Economics; International Journal of Foresight and Innovation policy. Ahti Salo (M. Sc. 1987, D. Tech. 1992) is Professor at the Systems analysis Laboratory with research interests in decision analysis, decision support systems, technology foresight, and risk management.

Methodologies and selected applications Knut Blind Regulation and Innovation Competence Center Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation research, Germany Berlin University of Technology, Faculty Economics and Management

, Chair of Innovation Economics, VWS 2, Müller-Breslau-Str. D-10623 Berlin, Germany Received 28 september 2006;

Economics and Management, Chair of Innovation Economics, VWS 2, Müller-Breslau-Str. D-10623 Berlin, Germany.

The Empirical Economics of Standards. Department of Trade and Industry (ed.),London, pp. 76 120,2005.

Handbook of Quantitative Science and Technology research, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (The netherlands), 2004.21 K. Blind, The Economics of Standards Theory, Evidence, Policy, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham

Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE Conference on Standardisation and Innovation in Information technology, 2003, pp. 27 35, Delft. 24 H. Grupp, The Foundations of the Economics of Innovation theory, Measurement and Practice

and holds the chair on Innovation Economics at the Berlin University of Technology since 2006. In addition he is head of the competence center Regulation and Innovation of the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation research.

Making Use of Recent insights from Sociology and Economics of Technology, Technol. Anal. Strateg. Manag. 7 (4)( 1995) 417 431.3 Richard E. Albright, Thomas A. Kappel, Roadmapping in the corporation, Res.

New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology, The MIT Press, Cambridge Massachusetts, 1987.37 P. A. David, Clio and the economics of QWERTY, American Economic Review, vol

Methods and Applications, Cambridge university Press, United kingdom, 1994.23 O. E. Williamson, The economics of organisation: the transaction cost approach, American Journal of Sociology 87 (3)( 1981) 548 575.556 E. Amanatidou, K. Guy/Technological forecasting & Social Change 75 (2008

A methodological experiment Attila Havas Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budaörsi út 45.

The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, Oxford UP, Oxford, 2005.13 C. Freeman, The economics of technical change:

Attila Havas (MA 1983, Phd 1997) is a Senior Research fellow at the Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (e-mail:

His academic interests are in economics of innovation theory and practice of innovation policy, and technology foresight. In 1997 2000 he was Programme Director of TEP, the Hungarian technology foresight programme.

Tech. in systems analysis from the Helsinki University of Technology and MSC in environmental economics from the University of Helsinki.

economics and technology, applying big amount of creative brainstorming approaches ending to two potential scenarios.

He holds A m. Sc. in economics from Helsinki University. Toni Ahlqvist is a Senior Research scientist

making use of recent insights from sociology and economics of technology, Technol. Anal. Strateg. Manag. 7 (4)( 1995) 417 431.13 A. Rip, A co-evolutionary approach to reflexive governance and its ironies, in:

Technical change and Economic theory, Pinter, London, 1988.26 P. A. David, Clio and the economics of QWERTY, Am.

He studied economics and has been doing research and foresight projects in the area of research, technoloog and innovation policy, in particular related to regional and technological innovation systems such as transport and energy.

He studied economics and social sciences and holds a Phd fromvienna University of Economics and Business.

She studied Economics and Philosophy and is doing her Phd research on the role of diversity in innovation systems.

but also by economics, innovation studies, organisational studies, linguistics and semiotics, see Van Lente (1993), Brown, Rappert, andwebster (2000), Brown and Michael (2003), Borup et al.

SRIC-BI's staff includes experts with backgrounds in anthropology, business, economics, international affairs, communication arts, marketing, information technology, life sciences,

but in human societies it has perceptual and physical components infecting matters relating to society, science and technology, economics, ecology, politics and value/norms:

and technology development and economics always prevails, instead. The history of governance is concerned mostly with how the public's perception of technological innovation has grown over time.

The relationship between advances in technology and human social development was established during the Enlightenment well before the notion of‘economics'was born as a cultural invention, rather than as a pseudo-objective science.

Some features may be the inclusion of the principles of industrial ecology and its near relative ecological economics.

‘growth'economics that subjugates social, cultural, political and environmental matters towards the consequences of economic growth.

Any new mantra for FTA needs to recognise the obsolescence of the conventional mantra of invention and innovation as primary supports to‘growth'economics.

The shift towards a new mantra based on ecological economics began at least as early as 1968

The marriage of the principles of industrial ecology and those of ecological economics, and its influence on globalisation, glocalisation and governance,

By engaging actively in shaping the move from the current paradigm of‘growth'economics to that of ecological economics and industrial ecology

Towards a New Modernity, Sage, London, 1992.3 F. Soddy, Cartesian Economics: The Bearing of Physical science on State Stewardship, Hendersons, 1922.4 F. Soddy, Wealth, Virtual Wealth and Debt, George Allen and Unwin, 1926.5 H Kahn, W. Brown

Press, 1972.39 H. E. Daly, On economics as a life science, Journal of Political economy 76 (3)( 1968) 392 406 (later papers and books followed in 1972,1973, 1974,1977, 1990,1992

Personalised, genetic and molecular medicine are likely to drive many changes in health economics, and possible migration of energy sourcing to more efficient and sustainable modes may be available sooner than thought.

Runde, J. 1998),‘Clarifying Frank Knight's discussion of the meaning of risk and uncertainty'',Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 22, pp. 539-46.

sirkka. heinonen@utu. fi Ville Lauttama ki holds a Master's degree in Economics and Business administration from the Turku School of economics and is currently preparing his Phd in Economic Sociology at the University of Turku.

These authors claim that an examination of this kind should draw on the relevant disciplines of social sciences and humanities (SSH), such as epistemology, political science, sociology, economics,

Unlike other disciplines, such as economics and business science, scenario planning is not very common In law. This kind of narrative exercise tends not to be very appealing to the legal mind,

Michael Decker studied physics (minor subject economics. After receiving a Phd from the University of Heidelberg in 1995,

In economics, Knight (1921) differentiated between two kinds of uncertainties. One he labelled as risk and the other as‘true'uncertainty.

or economics are structurally unable to encompass ontological expansion and innovation. They should therefore be used with caution.

Economics, science, and knowledge: Polanyi vs. Hayek. Tradition & Discovery, The Polanyi Society Periodical XXV, no. 1: 29 42.

Why there is (as yet) no such thing as an economics of knowledge. In The Oxford handbook of philosophy of economics, ed. H. Kincaid and D. Ross, 99 156.

Oxford: Oxford university Press. Mokyr, J. 1990. The lever of riches: Technological creativity and economic progress.

The‘rational expectations'tradition in economics, for example, calculates the optimal forecast based on the‘reality'of expectations.

Technology and economics, ed. N. Rosenberg, 104 19. Cambridge: Cambridge university Press. Rollwagen, I.,J. Hofmann,

matching environmental uncertainty Riccardo Vecchiato a a Department of Management, Economics and Industrial Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy Published online:

matching environmental uncertainty Riccardo Vecchiato*Department of Management, Economics and Industrial Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy This paper explores how strategic decision-makers select

economics, society, and politics. A relevant example has been the development of the‘Smart'car concept.

Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:03 03 december 2014 Strategic foresight 795 Notes on contributor Riccardo Vecchiato is Assistant professor at the Department of Management, Economics and Industrial Engineering of Politecnico di Milano

International Journal of Production Economics 78, no. 1: 29 35. Bezold, C.,C. Bettles, C. Juech, E. Michelson, J. Peck,

Huang a a School of management and Economics, Beijing Institute of technology, Beijing, China b Technology policy and Assessment Center, Georgia Institute of technology, Atlanta, GA,

Tingting Maa, Alan L. Porterb and Lu Huanga*aschool of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of technology, Beijing, China;

Notes on contributors Ying Guo is a faculty member in the School of management and Economics, Beijing Institute of technology of China.

Lu Huang is a faculty member in the School of management and Economics, Beijing Institute of technology. Her specialty is science and technology management, particularly the study of technology forecasting and assessment.

it emerged as a grand challenge reflecting key uncertainties of senior decision-makers operating in a small state as it adapted to changing external conditions in economics and governance.

ISSN 1463-6689 DOI 10.1108/14636681311310132 Sergey Shashnov and Anna Sokolova are based at the Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge,

but also on their strategic importance in shaping the socioeconomic horizons of organizations and national economics.

There is long history in economics of the use of patent data to understand the process of invention and innovation (Griliches, 1990;

A, Ed. Corporate Financial center, Sl. 1112,70712-900, Brasília-DF, Brazil c Institute of Economics, Research centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H

Attila Havas (Phd, 1997) is a Senior Research fellow at the Institute of Economics Research centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (http://econ. core. hu/english/inst/havas. html),

His academic interests are in economics of innovation theory and practice of innovation policy, and technology foresight. In 1997 2000 he was the Programme Director of TEP, the Hungarian technology foresight programme.

e Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge, Higher School of economics, Moscow, Russia a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t

Cornell University, 1979.55 T. Lawson, Developments in economics as realist social theory, Rev. Soc. Econ. 405 (1996) 422.56 W. K. Olsen, Triangulation in social research:

He has masters in business economics and in marketing, and has worked previously in innovation policy, regional economic policy, project management and market research.

Professor Alexander Sokolov is Deputy Director of the Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge and Director of the International foresight Centre at the Higher School of economics (HSE) one of the most prominent national research universities

Tingting Ma is a Ph d. candidate of School of management & Economics at Beijing Institute of technology. Wenping Wang is a Ph d. candidate of School of management & Economics at Beijing Institute of technology.

Lu Huang is a faculty member in the School of management and Economics, Beijing Institute of technology. Her specialty is science and technology management, particularly the study of technology forecasting and assessment.

She is focusing on a research on emerging science and technology topics. 407 L. Gao et al./

are useful metaphors in the realm of economics, business and technology assessment. But few people realize that the inverse is also a common usage:

Mainstream economics still has strong objections to the application of pure Darwinian principles in the working of agents in the socioeconomic realm.

Evolutionary arguments in economics, as in biology, originally took purely verbal forms, and it was only with considerable delay that more mathematical (algorithmically based) arguments

The mathematical tools that began to be employed in economics (as well as in technological forecasting) starting in the 1970s had been developed by mathematical biologists in the 1920s

that are restricted more or less to economics, business or politics (as in the case of globalization) or restricted to more scientific discussion rounds (the case of complexity),

demotion and rise of evolutionary concepts in economics It is well known the fact that the social sciences after experiencing an initial thrust from evolutionary concepts at the turn of 19th to 20th centuries have insisted historically in ignoring Darwinian ideas.

Economics, in some ways the most ambitious of the social sciences, progressively abandoned biology and adopted physics as its model natural science.

This upswing in evolutionary economics was in great part due to the renewed interest in the discussion on long waves in economics during the last two decades

but economics should not be abandoned to biology. There are the missing pieces I have mentioned in this paper (see further discussion in the next section)

Campbell forcefully reintroduced Darwinian ideas to social sciences (economics as well), after a lapse of almost a half century after the initial thrust commented on in point 1. Basically he suggested that Darwinism contained a general theory of the evolution of all complex systems,

the persistent opposition of mainstream economics to Darwinian concepts as applied to socioeconnomi systems, mainly caused by misinformation and non-acquaintance with the basic assumptions of Universal Darwinism;

, Vieweg, Braunschweig, 1978.19 J. Mokyr, Evolutionary Phenomena in Technological change, in Ref. 15.20 G. M. Hodgson, Darwinism in economics:

towards an evolutionary environmental economics, Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 76 (2009) 462 470.29 L. K. Mytelka, K. Smith, Policy learning and innovation theory:

making use of recent insights from sociology and economics of technology, Technol. Anal. Strateg. Manag. 7 (1995) 417 431.50 J. W. Forrester, Industrial Dynamics, MIT Press, Cambridge, 1961.51 J. D. Sterman, Business Dynamics:

and analysis Various scientific fields including the environmental sciences, transportation research, economics, and the political sciences, are involved in providing model-based decision support.

from NGOS, from the physical and biological sciences, engineering, medicine, social sciences, economics, and philosophy. The report included insights from US experts in the field, examinations of lessons learned,

and Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWI). 449 P. Schaper-Rinkel/Technological forecasting & Social Change 80 (2013) 444 452 In this later stage, heterogeneous stakeholders beyond the actors of the early established nano-policy networks

and the Minister on Economics and Business affairs served as Vice-chairman of the Globalisation Council. The latter also held the position as Vice-Prime minister in the twopaart coalition government.

and after each meeting, a press conference was held by the Prime minister and the Minister of Economics and Business affairs (chairman and vice-chairman of the Globalisation Council, respectively.

Nonetheless, there was a push to extend concepts and theoretical insights from these areas to a larger variety of social sciences and humanities disciplines, such as epistemology, political science, sociology, economics

studied sociology, psychology, political science and economics. Senior researcher at the Institute for Technology assessment and Systems analysis (ITAS) of the Research centre Karlsruhe, joined ITAS'forerunner AFAS in 1979 and has worked

and the aggregate production function, Review of Economics and Statistics 39 (1959) 312 320.26 W. M. Cohen, D. A. Levinthal, Absorptive capacity:

and applying foresight methodologies in the EU. He has a masters degree in business economics and in marketing,

system NBIC Educational system Nanotech and science Agri-food supply ICT mathematics Infrastructures Mathematics Armed forces ICT Geology Engineering Economics Chemistry Biology

and education S&t development Economical context/finance Economics Economy Physical environment Environment Nature Resources Political, administrative and legal Public services Politics State Global Joint horizon scanning Science and Public policy February 2010 11 first discussion with this network was held

UK government, 2006, Horizon scanning and Futures Team, Sciennc Economics and Statistics DG, 2006. Looking back at looking forwards, Next steps for Horizon scanning and Futurres DEFRA 2006.

economics and climatology supported by statistics and mathematics. The mechanisms of animal human transmission need input from medicine and veterinary medicine coupled to virology, bacteriology, mycology and parasitology.

Results and policy impact/implications Scenarios and EID life cycle model The scenario workshop listed key drivers for EID in the areas of social, technology, economics, environmeent and politics (STEEP.

) This tradition is based on a wide Spyros Arvanitis is a senior researcher at the KOF Swiss Economic Institute and a lecturer in economics at the ETH Zurich.

He is head of the research section on innovation economics at the KOF. Dr Arvanitis holds a doctorate in economics from the University of Zurich and a doctorate in chemistry from the ETH Zurich.

He has published extensivvel on the economics of innovation, technology diffusion, determinants of the performance of firms,

and market dynamics. Luarent Donzé has been an associate professor at the Univerrsit of Fribourg, Switzerland since 2002.

Small Business Economics, 19 (4), 321 340. Arvanitis, S, H Hollenstein, N Sydow and M Wörter 2007.

Economics of Innovation and New technology, 9 (2), 111 148. Caliendo, M and R Huber 2005.

The economics and econometrics of active labour market programmes. In Handbook of Labour Economics, A Ashenfelter and P E Todd (eds.

pp 1865 2097. Amsterdam: Elsevier. Jaffe, A b 2002. Building programme evaluation into the design of public research-support programmes.

The simple economics of basic scientific reseaarch Journal of Political economy, 67 (3), 297 306. OECD 2006a.

Rand Journal of Economics, 31 (1), 82 100.0 2 2 15/16 1-()i k N P P a

Freeman, C. and Soete, L. 1997) The Economics of Industrial Innovation, 3rd edn. London: Pinter.

Hall, B. H. and Rosenberg, N. 2010) Handbook of the Economics of Innovation. Amsterdam: North Holland, Elsevier.

<http://economics. ouls. ox. ac. uk/14015/>accessed 15 march 2012. Edquist, C.,ed.,(1997) Systems Innovation:

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