Regulatory framework

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Synopsis: Framework: Regulatory framework:

and include standards and standardisation as elements of the regulatory framework. The paper presents three methodologies appropriate for performing regulatory foresight.

which may cause challenges for the regulatory framework and the regulatory bodies. Second, survey approaches are displayed which enable regulatory bodies to identify future needs for regulations.

but also emerging technologies, sectors or markets in order to shape pro-actively innovation-promoting regulatory framework conditions, which are crucial for the competitiveness of national or regional innovation systems.

often pose challenges for the existing regulatory framework, or call for the creation of new regulatory frameworks. Changes and dynamics in science and technology can be identified

and traced by different indicators. These indicators allow the creation of comparisons between scientific and technological fields, between countries, organisations,

or even part of the regulatory framework. Fig. 2 gives an overview of the science and technology indicators.

Since research activities only being performed in basic research are less likely to create challenges for the regulatory framework in the near or mid-term future

it can be derived that dynamics in technology is reflected at least in standardisation activities as part of the regulatory framework in the European union.

and the adaptation of the regulatory framework based on quantitative approaches, are missing. Some studies based on OECD data and other internationally comparable data investigated the influence of the regulatory framework on R&d activities 27 or product innovation 28.

These studies do not consider that the outcome of R&d and innovation activities may challenge the existing regulatory framework and Fig. 2. Science and technology indicators (Source:

Blind 21 modifying Grupp 24). 502 K. Blind/Technological forecasting & Social Change 75 (2008) 496 516 call for adjustments or even for a completely new framework.

However, there is plenty of anecdotal evidence that the regulatory framework has been adapted to the emergence of new technologies,

and changes in existing regulations or new regulations, on the other hand, underlines that the former can in general be used to determine possible challenges for the regulatory framework in the future.

the link between science and technology indicators and indicators describing the regulatory framework is established not yet. This deficit is caused by a significant lack of regulatory indicators and especially of respective time series and of rather differentiated sub-categories in regulation.

but especially those with possible impacts on health, safety, the environment and on the functioning of markets require an adjustment of the regulatory framework.

and especially technology indicators are a possible source to detect challenges for the regulatory framework in the future. However this is a rather new approach,

The simple quantitative use of science and technology indicators in order to detect future challenges for the regulatory framework is not sufficient.

Elaboration of questionnaire (including the definition of questions on participation in standardisation and involvement in setting up regulatory frameworks, the relevance of regulations, the use of existing standards, the relevance of current regulations, future needs for standards

which can be promoted by adjustments of the regulatory framework. In the first German Delphi survey, the field communication was characterised by the most negative values regarding the impact of the regulatory framework3 because of the former monopolistic structures in the telecommunication markets and the massive public intervention in the radio

In Japan, the regulatory framework in communication technology is compared also crucial to most other technological areas 47.

The relatively small importance of the regulatory framework for the future development of new issues in science and technology compared to other policy instruments is confirmed in the follow-up studies,

but the liberalisation, especially of the communication markets in Germany, is reflected in the low need to readjust the regulatory framework in comparison to other fields,

the regulatory framework is of relatively small importance. 508 K. Blind/Technological forecasting & Social Change 75 (2008) 496 516 In contrast,

the Japanese experts call for adjustments in the regulatory framework, especially in the information and communication field, for instance, the widespread use of electronic money, electronic voting or automated trading systems in their Sixth Japanese Delphi Report

but also in the field business regarding e-commerce-related issues. 4 In summary, Delphi exercises focusing on the future of science and technology take the general regulatory framework into account as one kind of obstacle,

However, the role of regulatory frameworks for the realisation of progress in future sciences and technologies compared to other types of obstacles is limited rather.

three case studies based on the review of the regulatory frameworks and expert interviews were conducted 50. One of these case studies focused on the future regulatory framework for the use of smart cards. 509 K. Blind/Technological forecasting & Social Change 75 (2008) 496 516 Table 2 Future

needs for standardisation in information and communication technology (Source: NO-REST ITU Survey Fraunhofer ISI 2005)( 1=low importance to 5=high importance) Year Importance R&d Regulation Deregulation Standardisation Widespread use

The main purpose of the green paper was to launch a debate on the regulatory framework to put in place

There is a strong regulatory framework to restrict new urban development to a minimum, in favour of rehabilitation processes.

Cultural differences, language barriers, institutional practices, regulatory frameworks, capacities and capabilities of participants to contribute as well as more practical difficulties,

and a regulatory framework co-designed between governments, industries and societies. 3. 3. Roadmaps The final IMS2020 Joint Vision comprise a set of around eighty research topics

pro-actively, innovation-promoting regulatory framework conditions, which are crucial for the competitiveness of national or regional innovation systems. 3 For further information:

considering a new regulatory framework and competitive environment. The objective was to change the current management model based on improvisation

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