| Basic science (12) |  |
| Emerging science (26) | |
| International council for science (130) | |
| National science (53) | |
| S&t (344) | |
| Science (1723) | |
| Science community (7) | |
| Science policy (32) | |
| Scientific methods (6) | |
| Trans science (9) | |
| Basic science (12) | |
| Emerging science (26) | |
| International council for science (130) | |
| National science (53) | |
| S&t (344) | |
| Science (1723) | |
| Science community (7) | |
| Science policy (32) | |
| Scientific methods (6) | |
| Trans science (9) | |
universities vs. other players There is a rather strong consensus in the literature on the rationale to spend public money on basic science:
training of future generations of researchers is understood to have overriding importance among the other benefits of basic science,
there are two reasons to revisit the aforementioned, widely held, consensus on the rationale for funding‘basic'science by public money:(
i) the very notion of‘basic'science is questionable, (ii) even if we continue using this doubtful term,
higher education and‘basic'science are not that closely interconnected nowadays as they used to be, partly because of the changing nature of higher education,
Yet, the widely held consensus in the literature on the rationale for funding‘basic science'by public money still rests on the Humboldtian model:
training of future generation of researchers is of overriding importance among the benefits of basic science,
Basic science and Technological innovation, Brookings Institution Press, Washington, D c.,1997 26 E. von Hippel, The Sources of Innovation, Oxford UP, Oxford, 1988.27 M. Akrich, R. Miller
and technology oriented forecasstin practices and called for new participatory and systemic foresight approaches 3. Also the R&d functions are moving from the basic science
characterised by discipline-oriented basic science in universities, to a new form (Mode 2), characterised by problem-driven, application-oriented and trans-disciplinary research taking place partly outside universities
Clearly, different types of technologies may have different developing patterns, especially for those technologies close to basic science, such as biotechnology,
Different types of technologies may have different developing patterns, especially for those technologies close to basic science, such as biotechnology.
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