Science policy

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International council for science (130)
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S&t (344)
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Synopsis: Science: Science policy:

Previous affiliations include the Science policy Research Unit (SPRU) at Sussex University, where he founded and led the EGIST (Evaluation of Government and Industry Strategies for Technology) group;

Scott Cunningham received a Ph d. in Science, Technology and Innovation policy from the Science policy Research Unit.

Science policy. Setting the agenda for research. In Proceedings from MUSCIPOLI Workshop One. Aarhus: Danish Institute for Studies in Research and Research policy.

and advice of an international group of eight science policy experts (including one of this paper's authors) through a one day workshop.

and analysis. Similar shortcomings have also been noted by Meyer 2008 who comments that Luxembourg's‘current science policy appears to be almost too ambitious,..

It also supports international scientific cooperation and acts as an expert organ in issues related to science policy.

effects of implementing the science policy priority for biotechnology in The netherlands, Research policy 15 (1986) 253 268.16 R. Coombs, L. Georghiou, A new industrial ecology, Science 296 (2002

The second important factor is the‘‘crisis of science policy''more generally as pressures to restrict burgeoning public expenditure collided with demands from Big science

Prospective structures of science and science policy. In Innovation, science, and institutional change: A research handbook, ed. J. Hage and M. Meeus, 369 90.

Award no. 0531194) and the Science of Science policy Program Measuring and Tracking Research Knowledge Integration (Georgia Tech;

the US science policy community established an organizational structure around nanotechnologies and developed a vision for nanotechnology R&d.

Over more than a decade, the US science policy community established a continuously working core organization, built up a network and opened the network gradually to new stakeholders

International Handbook on Foresight and Science policy: Concepts and Practice, 2008, pp. 154 169.33 K. Cuhls, From forecasting to foresight processes new participative foresight activities in Germany, J. Forecast. 22 (2003) 93 111.34

'1 Hence, technology foresight was seen to be part of the government's business policy and not, in particular, part of science policy,

Methodology of Boundary work at the interface of science policy and society, basis for a manual, RMNO, ISBN 90.72377.62.1.

China, science policy, research, innovation. 1. Introduction and problem definition In recent years, there has been a rapidly growing interest in the development of science, technology and innovation (STI) in the People's republic of china.

Such criticisms highlight a fundamental debate in Chinese science policy-making as to how research funding should be allocated

Critics of Chinese science policy-making portray it as strong on formulating high-level objectives but weak on building long-term capacity from below,

to capture the dynamics of Chinese science policy-making, which are characterized by quickly, if somewhat unevenly, developiin elements of both political planning and institutional empowerment, often under the political banner of‘controlled modernization'.

Instead, China seems to be forging its own way with an evolving mixture of planning, decentralization and deliberation. 1. 1 Trends in setting priorities Explicit models for science policy priority-setting devellope late and with great tensions.

In his classic paper Weinberg (1963) formulated what later became a dominant mechanism for priority-setting in science policy in Western countries:

Science policy-making has since been enmeshed with policies in other areas, reducing the professional autonomy of the scientific community in setting priorities (Ziman 1994).

In the last decades, the rise of new public management within state administration has had also a major impact on science policy-making,

Today's mechanism for priority-setting in these countries is therefore a hybrid, sometimes drawing upon scientific expertise not only in low-level decision-making but also in the framing of societal challenges underlying science policy priorities (Pielke 2007),

How is the funding model related to current trends of‘coordinated decentralization'in science policy? 2. China's S&t system and policy:

Figure 2. Weighting of funding in Chinese science policy. Source: 2009 China Statistical Yearbook on Science and Technology Data from 2008.

a Chinese idiom, is a‘slogan'metaphor among Chinese science policy-makers, meaning‘go forward with your head in the clouds and the feet on the ground'.

which gave science policy a widened political mandate. More recently, a‘post-catching up'strategy has emerged,

overall the dominant legacy of centralized planning for grandiose projects still looms over science policy, and may continue to thwart the ambitiion of Chinese scientists to develop a more genuinely pluralist system of resource allocation.

Ruivo, B. 1994)‘ Phases or paradigms of science policy?''Science and Public policy, 21: 173 83. Saich, A j. 1989) China's Science policy in the 80s.

Manchester: Manchester University Press. Schwaag Serger, S. and Breidne, M. 2007)‘ China's 15-year plan for scientific and technological development a critical assessment, Asia Policy, 4: 135 64.

This can be taken as a strong signal of the likely interest of the science policy community in the scenarios. 4. 2 Lessons in conducting international foresight Reflecting on the approach taken in the ICSU foresight,

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