National science

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Synopsis: Science: National science:

Policy 20 (2)( 1991) 109 119.34 K. Pavitt, The social shaping of the national science base, Res.

he was Director of S&t Foresight for the Office of the National science Advisor to the Prime minister of Canada and Leader of the Office of Technology foresight for the National research council of Canada.

/Technological forecasting & Social Change 76 (2009) 1150 1162 Acknowledgements The project Regional infrastructure foresight was funded by The swiss National science Foundation within the National research Program 54 Sustainable development of the Built Environment.

the funding for research and innovation councils and targeted research programmes is a more dynamic instrument, suitable for interaction with national science and innovation policy.

and prioritisable instrument in national science systems. Also, by representing a second strand of research funding, in addition to basic funding of universities and other government laboratories, research programmes contribute to competition within the research system. 3. 2. About the study

research councils and national research programmes are a dynamic part of national science systems. If a national science system is perceived as an important element of the overall national innovation system then priority-setting processes of research councils

and research programmes can be of legitimate strategic interest to governments. Our analysis shows that research councils and research programmes do carry out strategy processes

200 binnovation indicatorsq. 2 We gratefully acknowledge support of the U s. National science Foundation for"QTIPS-24-Hour Technology intelligence & Forecasting"(DMI-0231650.

and may not in any circumstances be regarded as stating an official position of the European commission. 2. The Academy of Finland is comparable to the US National science Foundation

by the Nordic council. d The EU Integrated Project IRRIIS Integrated Risk Reduction of Information-based Infrastructure Systems. e Commissioned by the Office of the National science Advisor (ONSA.

A review of FISTERA by NISTEP underlined the relevance of FISTERA's approach to formulate national science and technology policies also in Japan 24.

The process assisted the new Public security Technical Programme (PSTP) of the Canadian office of the National science Advisor (ONSA.

The US National science Foundation (NSF) shows forth on 42 of 1691 publications since 2009. The swiss NSF accounts for 35 of some 41 papers with Swiss funding;

and converging technologies focus on human performance or the social or economic dimension (National science Foundation, 2002,2005; European commission, 2004.

National science Foundation (2002),‘Converging technologies for improving human performance'',National science Foundation, Arlington VA. National science Foundation (2005),‘Managing nano-bio-info-cogno innovations:

converging technology society'',National science Foundation, Arlington, VA. Popper, R. 2008),‘How are selected foresight methods?''''Foresight, Vol. 10 No. 6, pp. 62-89.

Corresponding author Yoshiko Yokoo can be contacted at: yokoo@nistep. go. jp PAGE 18 jforesight jvol. 15 NO. 1 2013 To purchase reprints of this article please e-mail:

The prospects and problems of the natural resources sector constitute a major section in most national science and technology foresight studies.

The authors would like to acknowledge support from the National science Council of Taiwan and the efforts of Kang Hsieh in STPI who gave valuable advice on the amendment of this research.

Acknowledgement This research was undertaken at Georgia Tech, drawing on support from the National science Foundation (NSF) through the Center for Nanotechnology in Society (Arizona State university;

and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National science Foundation. We deeply appreciate the financial support to this research from the West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,

different types of future-oriented technology analysis (FTA) are used to determine national science and technology priorities, to develop governance frameworks

since the U s. National science and Technology Council published its first vision for nanotechnology research and development and Germany established its public funding program.

This started in 1998 when the National science and Technology Council (NSTC), the principal executive body responsible for coordinating science and technology policy,

and the National science Foundation (NSF). 446 P. Schaper-Rinkel/Technological forecasting & Social Change 80 (2013) 444 452 support nanotechnology education, research and development the fastest will thrive in the new millennium 1. These statements illustrate that the report

Mihail C. Roco, Senior Advisor for Nanotechnology at the National science Foundation (NSF) recounted the history

the activities under the umbrella of the National science and Technology Council Subcommittee were per se closely policy-related and, in the last decade,

References 1 NSTC, National science and Technology Council, Nanotechnology research directions: IWGN workshop report, Vision for Nanotechnology research and Development in The next Decade, 1999.2 BMBF, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, in:

Towards a Common Strategic Framework for EU. COM (2011) 48, Green Paper, European commission, Brussels, 2011.5 NSTC, National science and Technology Council, IWGN, E. A t.,The Interagency

Experts'Perceptions and Scientific Relations Between Sub-areas, Brussels Luxembourg, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, 1997.22 National science and Technology Council, Nanotechnology, in:

Sci. 41 (2011) 457 485.37 NSTC, National science and Technology Council, Nanostructure Science and Technology, R&d Status and Trends in Nanoparticles, Nanostructured Materials,

NSET Workshop Report, National science Foundation (NSF), 2001.39 E. Fisher, Lessons learned from the Ethical, Legal and Social Implications program (ELSI:

Soc. 24 (2002) 93 109.45 NSTC, National science and Technology Council, Committee on Technology, Subcommittee on Nanoscale Science Engineering and Technology, The National Nanotechnology Initiative:

Their analysis is based on the results of two surveys of selected international foresight practitiioner and leading foresight organisations, conduccte by Canada's Office of the National science Advisor and the Telfer School of management at the University of Ottawa,

Technology foresight directorate of the office of the national science advisor. Available from<http://www. techforesight. ca/Publications/Whatbroadsecuritychallenges Maycanadaface. pdf>,last accessed 1 june 2009. van Rij, V 2008.

The reverse appears to be happening in Canada, where the Office of the National science Advisor,

This center is hosted by Thailand's National science & Technology development Agency (NSTDA. 2 Finland has a mix of agencies

the authors'assessment may have underestimated the longer term impacts of the activity of the nascent Office of the National science Advisor (ONSA),

Canada's foresight progrram based in the National science Advisor's (NSA) Office was disbanded in March 2008

B Nares Damrongchai is at the APEC Center for Technology foresight, National science Technology and Innovation policy Office, 73/1 Rama 6 Road, Rajdhevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailaand Email:

He is now at the Government Information technology Services, National science and Technology development Agency, 17th Floor, Bangkok Thai Tower Building, 108 Rangnam Rd, Phayatthai Ratchatewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;

In the US the term‘converging technologies'was used first at a 2001 workshop organized by the US National science Foundation and the US Departmeen of Commerce entitled‘Converging Technologiie for Improving Human Performance'.

He is currently the executive director of the APEC Center for Technology foresight and the director of Policy Research and Management at the National science Technology and Innovation policy Office, Bangkok,

This project was funded by the Asia-pacific Economic Cooperaatio (APEC) and the National science and Technology Developmmen Agency Ministry of Science and Technology, Royal Thai government.

National science Foundation. Tegart, G and R Johnston 2004. Some advances in the practice of foresight.

and the firm-centered phase (OECD 2008)( see Fig. 1). The 1978 National science Conference coincided with the launch of the economic reform

1614 1624 3000 5441 5066 National science and Technology Infrastructure Program 100 593 573 754 686 24 S&t Basic Work 200 200

which was inspired strongly by the US National science Foundation. The NSFC was a product of the official reform of the S&t system

Background of National science and Technology Program for Bio agriculture. National science and Technology Program for Bio agriculture<http://dpiab. sinica. edu. tw/intro. php>accessed 14 december 2010.

OECD. 1999) Managing National Innovation systems. OECD: Paris. Senker, J. 2004)‘ An overview of biotechnology in Europe:

Division of Earth sciences, National science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, Virginia 22230, USA 4kort Galgewater 16,2312 BR Leiden, Netherlands 5present address Royal

Funding for international science is more difficult to obtain than for national science. Nationally oriented research projects are often easier for politicians to justify to their taxpayers.

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