#New study shows bacteria can use magnetic nanoparticles to create a'natural battery'(Nanowerk News) New research shows bacteria can use tiny magnetic particles to effectively create a'natural battery.'
"the bacteria can load electrons onto and discharge electrons from microscopic particles of magnetite. This discovery holds out the potential of using this mechanism to help clean up environmental pollution,
Since electrons are charged particles, their motion results in fluctuating magnetic fields, which extend outside of the conductor.
the researchers created a spherical mass of particles, referred to as a nanoparticle carrier. They constructed the outer layer out of cationicor positively chargedsegments of the polymers.
But not only did the particles stay in place, they were also able to bind with the polymeric matrix
and potentially lead to applications in fields like nanomanufacturing and catalysis. We understand how particles work in 3-D,
the particles will bounce off each other and make a nice suspension, meaning you can do work with them.
Even when particles are able to stay at the interface they tend to clump together and form a skin that cant be pulled back apart into its constituent particles.
The teams technique for surmounting this problem hinged on decorating their gold nanoparticles with surfactant, or soap-like, ligands.
and the way they are attached to the central particle allows them to contort themselves so both sides are happy
when the particle is at an interface. This arrangement produces a flying saucer shape, with the ligands stretching out more at the interface than above or below.
These ligand bumpers keep the particles from clumping together. To get a picture of how the particles packed in their 2-D layer
the researchers dripped a particle-containing an oil droplet out of a pipette into water.
Over time, particles attached to the oil-water interface, at which point the researchers could change their packing density by sucking some of the oil back into the pipette.
By measuring the optical properties of the particles when overcrowding pushed some out, they could work backwards to the number of particles on the interface.
From there, they could determine some universal rules that govern the physics of such systems. This is a very beautiful system,
Stebe says. The ability to tune their packing means that we can now take everything we know about the equilibrium thermodynamics in two dimensions
and start to pose questions about particle layers. Do these particles behave like we think they should?
How can we manipulate them in the future e
#PI's New Motion Simulator'Shaker'Hexapod Based on Fast Linear Motors (Nanowerk News) PI (Physik Instrumente) LP, a leading manufacturer of precision motion
Such particles could be used to detect oil underground or aid removal in the case of oil spills.
just as one would expect from a ball-like particle. However, because electrons can sometimes behave like a wave,
When floated on water the particles form a sheet; when the water evaporates, it leaves the sheet suspended over a hole.
#Integration of quantum dots and photonic crystals produce brighter, more efficient light Recently, quantum dots (QDS) ano-sized semiconductor particles that produce bright, sharp,
In addition, as an actual needle application, we demonstrated fluorescenctce particle depth injection into the brain in vivo,
Possible applications of the new findings include the creation of spintronics, transistors based on the spin of particles rather than their charge.
particles predicted in 1937 but not yet observed, which, unlike all known subatomic particles, serve as their own antiparticles.
These theorized particles ave yet to be explored. It opens another avenue to explore these things
#Information storage and retrieval in a single levitating colloidal particle Thanks to this new technique developed by scientists at the University of Zurich,
'click on image to enlarge) Colloids are minute particles that are distributed finely throughout a liquid.
Suspensions of colloidal particles are most familiar to us as beverages, cosmetics and paints. At a diameter in the range of ten to one hundred nanometres, a single such particle is invisible to the naked eye.
These nanoparticles are constantly in motion due to the principle of Brownian motion. Since the particles are charged electrically,
they experience forces of attraction and repulsion that can be harnessed to control and manipulate their behavior.
They were able to organise the tiny particles into new structures with the utmost precision
and each individual particle can now be used to store and retrieve data, "explains Madhavi Krishnan.
and have applications in superresolution microscopy, laser cutting, and particle acceleration.""You generally would need a large optical setup,
noninvasive 3d biomedical imaging photonic chips aerospace photonics micromachines laser tweezing the process of using lasers to trap tiny particles.
nanometer particles with the ability to absorb light and re-emit it with well-defined colors.
where the particle size determines the color of the emitted light. The new strategy relies on a completely different physical mechanism;
Muons-fast, heavy electrons-decay very quickly into ordinary electrons and similar particles. Research shows that far smaller and simpler fusion reactors can be built.
The nanoparticle hydrophilic layer essentially locks in the active ingredient, a hydrophobic chemical called padimate O. Some sunscreen solutions that use larger particles of inorganic compounds, such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide,
"In this work, we have made two major advances--the ability to precisely control the brightness of light-emitting particles called quantum dots,
Düsseldorf, Mainz, Princeton and Santa barbara, a ring of colloidal particles are localised in optical tweezers and automatically translated on a circular path,
Through optical manipulation the particle ring can be squeezed at will, altering the coupling between the driven and loaded parts of the assembly and providing a clutch-like operation mode."
a time-averaged force that pushes charged particles in a time-varying field towards regions of lower intensity."
the proposed scheme is potentially useful for focusing other particles such as accelerated protons and neutral atoms.
Nothing about the particles told the researchers what the voltages should be, however. They started with random combinations of voltages and learned
The clump of particles has to be cooled to just 0. 3°C above absolute zero, but making the particles smaller would allow the working temperature to rise.
Van der Wiel says there is no reason the approach couldn work at room temperature. Van der Wiel hopes the research will lead to specialised processors that can solve problems such as pattern recognition
Nothing about the particles told the researchers what voltages to try, however. They started with random values and learned
because very small particles then slip out of it like fish through a net. The use of 3d printing to make working tissue
The particles then start to vibrate, emitting X-rays. Each light pulse generates an X-ray pulse. The X-rays generated have special properties:
and infinitely long, enabling even distant particles to be entangled
#Laser array on silicon promises new level of photonic integration Scientists in Belgium are claiming a breakthrough advance for integrated photonics by fabricating an array of laser diodes on a large silicon wafer typical
On the most basic level, that means that dissolved salt particles, which have a slight electric charge,
Prions, or roteinaceous infectious particles, are proteins that exist normally in the body but can sometimes cause disease.
and contrast agents to the nanoparticle to track the particle. Or the nanoparticle itself is the image and contrast agent
Her Phd at Purdue University and her research at Boston's Massachusetts institute of technology were dedicated both to studying particle stabilization to avoid clogging arteries with the nanoparticles and drug delivery vehicles;
according to the researchers. hat unique about this paper is that we show not the use of metal particles, not the use of metal nanoparticles,
but the use of atoms, Tour said. he particles doing this chemistry are as small as you can possibly Get even particles on the nanoscale work only at the surface,
"The eggs are identical just like the electrons are identical particles. If you swap one egg with another,
So there are carbon particles inside the silicone which make it conductive so we can use it for electronics,
and a smaller version, targeted at manipulating particles inside the human body l
#Non-Genetic Cancer Mechanism Found Cancer can be caused solely by protein imbalances within cells, a study of ovarian cancer has found.
however, did not contain glass particles. The aluminium oxide platelets in the second layer were aligned horizontally to the surface of the tooth using the magnet.
and it contains sub-micron particles that pick up amino and fatty acids as well as the shape of the print itself with the aid of a mass spectrometer.
This scans the print with a laser, particles in the powder are ionised vaporised and, and a molecular profile appears.
Specially made synthetic membranes are used to filter out large salt particles and impurities so they can be evaporated away,
#Scientists say theye found a particle made entirely of nuclear force After decades of searching, scientists say theye finally identified a glueball-a particle made purely of nuclear force.
Hypothesised to exist as part of the standard model of particle physics, glueballs have eluded scientists since the 1970s because they can only be detected indirectly by measuring their process of decay.
Now, a team of particle scientists in Austria say they've found evidence for the existence of glueballs by observing the decay of a particle known as f0 (1710.
Protons and neutrons-the particles that make up everyday matter-are made of minuscule elementary particles called quarks,
and quarks are held together by even smaller particles called gluons. Also known as'sticky particles',massless gluons are described as a complicated version of the photon,
because just like how photons are responsible for exerting the force of electromagnetism, gluons are in charge of exerting a strong nuclear force."
"In particle physics, every force is mediated by a special kind of force particle, and the force particle of the strong nuclear force is the gluon,
"explains one of the researchers, Anton Rebhan from the Vienna University of Technology. But there is one major difference between the two:
"The existence of glueball particles brings the idea that, not only can particles be forces or force carriers (i e.,
, photons), but that these massless particles are also contingent upon the force that they are made up of,
And while several particles have been identified in particle accelerator experiments as being viable candidates for glueballs until now, no one been able to make a convincing case for any of them consisting of pure atomic force.
"For these multi-particle processes, our theory predicts decay rates which are quite different from the predictions of other, simpler models.
certain cancer biomarkers cling to the surface of the tiny particles, increasing their size and causing them to clump together.
Huo and her team at UCF's Nanoscience Technology Center developed a technique known as nanoparticle-enabled dynamic light scattering assay (Nanodlsay) to measure the size of the particles by analyzing the light they throw off.
#Researchers deliver large particles into cells at high speed The researchers created a highly efficient automated tool that delivers nanoparticles, enzymes, antibodies, bacteria and other"large-sized"cargo into mammalian cells at the rate
the only way to deliver so-called large cargo, particles up to 1 micrometer in size, into cells is by using micropipettes, syringe-like tools common in laboratories,
Underneath the holes is a well of liquid that includes the particles to be delivered. Researchers use a laser pulse to heat the titanium coating,
The fissure allows the particle-filled liquid underneath the cells to be jammed into them before the membrane reseals.
these proteins allow charged particles to flow into the cell or transport them outside the cell.
"The device uses gold nanoparticles (microscopic particles) and glowing quantum dots. The researchers developed a novel approach for rapid and sensitive detection of surface proteins of viruses from blood samples of turkeys.
#Efficient method of producing metallic nanoparticles VTT's aerosol technology reactor for nanoparticle production can generate a variety of pure metal particles, particles of various alloys and carbon-coated particles.
The process generates an extremely high particle concentration, enabling a high production speed but with low gas consumption.
by adding particles which increase radar wave attenuation. VTT's researchers believe that the reactor has many applications
minuscule particles carrying an electrical charge travelling in their trillions and whose collective movement makes these appliances work.
say, a virus or a bacteria particle.""In mass spectrometry, molecules are ionised (or electrically charged)
"We can analyse this measurement to get both the mass and shape of the attached particle,
--Some claim that the theory holds only with very small particles. Nevertheless, the existence of an upper limit for the validity region has not been found--yet.
"The researchers resorted to the computational approach because of the difficulty of capturing the structure via X-ray crystallography or single-particle transmission electron microscopy, two of the most common imaging methods at the atomic scale.
Virus concentrations ranged from 13 to 2350 particles per cubic meter of air. A dose of 20 norovirus particles is usually enough to cause gastroenteritis.
According to Professor Duchaine this previously unknown mode of norovirus propagation could explain why gastroenteritis outbreaks are so hard to contain:"
"This expansion and contraction of aluminum particles generates great mechanical stress, which can cause electrical contacts to disconnect.
which would be ok if not for the repeated large volume expansion and shrinkage that cause SEI particles to shed.
but yolk-shell particles feature a void between the two--equivalent to where the white of an egg would be.
The aluminum particles they used, which are about 50 nanometers in diameter, naturally have oxidized an layer of alumina (Al2o3)."
if the particles stay in the acid for a few more hours, the aluminum core continuously shrinks to become a 30-nm-across"yolk,,
The particles are treated then to get the final aluminum-titania (ATO) yolk-shell particles. After being tested through 500 charging-discharging cycles,
But how can scientists actually catch a glimpse of the interior of materials with particles like electrons?
The method works because particles have a second nature: They also behave like waves. When electron waves pass through a sample,
#New research may enhance display, LED lighting technology Recently, quantum dots (QDS)--nano-sized semiconductor particles that produce bright, sharp,
In addition, as an actual needle application, we demonstrated fluorescenctce particle depth injection into the brain in vivo,
The method consists in converting the natural pomegranate juice in small dust particles that can be dissolved in water.
#Scientists'squeeze'light one particle at a time A team of scientists has measured successfully particles of light being squeezed,
This states that in any situation in which a particle has linked two properties, only one can be measured
Wave-particle dualism with large molecules The virtual laboratories provide an insight into the fundamental understanding and into the applications of quantum mechanics with macromolecules and nanoparticles.
In recent years, the real-life versions of the experiments verified the wave-particle dualism with the most complex molecules to date.
#Tiny silica particles could be used to repair damaged teeth, research shows Researchers at the University of Birmingham have shown how the development of coated silica nanoparticles could be used in restorative treatment of sensitive teeth
The study, published in the Journal of Dentistry, shows how sub-micron silica particles can be prepared to deliver important compounds into damaged teeth through tubules in the dentine.
The tiny particles can be bound to compounds ranging from calcium tooth building materials to antimicrobials that prevent infection.
with the particles acting like seeds for further growth that would close the tubules. Previous attempts have used compounds of calcium fluoride, combinations of carbonate-hydroxypatite nanocrystals and bioactive glass,
However, the Birmingham team turned to sub-micron silica particles that had been prepared with a surface coating to reduce the chance of aggregation.
"These silica particles are available in a range of sizes, from nanometre to sub-micron,
""We tested a number of different options to see which would allow for the highest level particle penetration into the tubules,
and then see how effective the particles are blocking the communication with the inside of the tooth.
Deleon and her UD team have identified particles in the secretions from the fallopian tube that help the sperm get ready for its all-important drive into the end zone.
"We call this a smart particle, "said James Swartz, the professor of chemical engineering and of bioengineering at Stanford who led the study."
"Using the smart particle for immunotherapy would involve tagging its outer surface with molecules designed to teach the body's disease-fighting cells to recognize
It will require much more effort to accomplish the second goal--packing tiny quantities of medicines into the smart particles,
delivering the particles to and into diseased cells, and engineering them to release their payloads.'
"But I believe we can use this smart particle to deliver cancer-fighting immunotherapies that will have minimal side effects."
"Dr. Swartz and colleagues have done a remarkable job of stabilizing viruslike particles and re-engineering their surface."
The new paper describes how the Stanford team designed a viruslike particle that is only a delivery vehicle with no infectious payload.
Swartz said the next step is to attach cancer tags to the outside of this smart particle,
This first prototype of a terahertz accelerator was able to increase the energy of the particles by seven kiloelectronvolts (kev."
"Hasan's method, developed at the University's Nanoscience Centre, works by suspending tiny particles of graphene in a'carrier'solvent mixture,
and infinitely long, enabling even distant particles to be entangled.""""This on-chip metamaterial opens the door to exploring the physics of zero index
The particles, described in Nature Communications, are enhanced an version of a naturally occurring, weakly magnetic protein called ferritin."
This eliminates the need to tag cells with synthetic particles and allows the particles to sense other molecules inside cells.
The paper's lead author is former MIT graduate student Yuri Matsumoto. Other authors are graduate student Ritchie Chen and Polina Anikeeva, an assistant professor of materials science and engineering.
Magnetic pull Previous research has yielded synthetic magnetic particles for imaging or tracking cells, but it can be difficult to deliver these particles into the target cells.
In the new study Jasanoff and colleagues set out to create magnetic particles that are encoded genetically.
With this approach, the researchers deliver a gene for a magnetic protein into the target cells,
This is beneficial because it prevents direct contact between the tissue and the silver particles, which can be exposed toxic
Analysis of the data also indicates that the dust grains orbiting the star are sorted by particle size,
or a lot of crystal particles all pressed together. Whereas with glass, crack that forms on the surface will go all the way through,
This ixie dustis meant to melt and ubricate the powder particles, so there less friction,
This light bounces off air molecules and small particles such as dust, ice and droplets of water in the atmosphere.
The movement of the air molecules, particles or droplets cause this backscattered light to change frequencies slightly.
to instantly identify a single virus particle or protein. A microscopic tool, more than 1000 times thinner than the width of a single human hair, uses vibrations to simultaneously reveal the mass and the shape of a single molecule a feat
say, a virus or a bacteria particle. In mass spectrometry, molecules are ionised (or electrically charged)
and also its tone. e can analyse this measurement to get both the mass and shape of the attached particle,
can we design a particle that can sense its environment with no neural system or biological parts.
The particles encircled the tip of the pipette at a distance where their propulsion was cancelled out by the velocity of the flow.
and predicts the stagnation point where the beads accumulate. hat is really cool is that the mechanism we used to get the particles to go upstream actually exists in nature
and it the way many microbes find food. f you can design particles that can feel their environment
you could think of particles that swim against the blood stream to fix clogged arteries, Palacci says,
these particles tend to rapidly aggregate in physiological conditions, rendering them too large to penetrate the mesh of airway mucus. For its design,
from the prediction of chemical properties studied in computational chemistry applications to the identification of particles for high-energy physics experiments. i
The work is centered on enhancing the arrangement of colloidsmall particles suspended within a fluid medium.
with these particles attaching to each other in ways that produce chaotic or inflexible configurations. The NYU team developed a new method to apply DNA coating to colloids
However, the method, at that point, could manipulate only one type of particle. In the JACS study, the research team shows the procedure can handle five additional types of materialsnd in different combinations.
you need to have the ability for a particle to move around and find its optimal position,
When floated on water the particles form a sheet; when the water evaporates, it leaves the sheet suspended over a hole. t almost like a drumhead,
and particles from the cell surface into the cell. If this doesn work, the function of the cell is disturbed,
Meteors (popularly known as hooting stars are the result of small particles, some as small as a grain of sand, entering the Earth atmosphere at high speed.
these particles heat the air around them, causing the characteristic streak of light seen from the ground.
which mimics the regular arrangement of particles in real crystalline materials. When charged particles are exposed to magnetic fields,
their trajectories are bent into circular orbits, causing them to loop around and around. The higher the magnetic field, the tighter a particle orbit becomes.
However, to confine electrons to the microscopic scale of a crystalline material, a magnetic field 100 times stronger than that of the strongest magnets in the world would be required.
or loop around, in a radius as small as two lattice squares, similar to how particles would move in an extremely high magnetic field. nce we had the idea,
Recently, researchers at Oxford university Department of Engineering science have been investigating mart gelsthat can switch from a stable gel to a liquid suspension of very small particles (a ol.
#Scientists queezelight one particle at a time A team of scientists has measured successfully particles of light being queezed in an experiment that had been written off in physics textbooks as impossible to observe.
This states that in any situation in which a particle has linked two properties, only one can be measured
hollow particles that are secreted from many types of cells. They contain functional proteins and genetic materials and serve as a vehicle for communication between cells.
Virendra Singh and Thomas Bougher constructed devices that utilize the wave nature of light rather than its particle nature.
Hasan method, developed at the University Nanoscience Centre, works by suspending tiny particles of graphene in a arriersolvent mixture,
They capitalised on improvements made at the LMB to a high-powered imaging technique known as single particle cryo-electron microscopy.
Single particle cryo-electron microscopy preserves the ribosomes at sub-zero temperatures to allow the collection
like a dust particle, to start the process of nucleation, the bubbles formed by boiling water also require nucleation.
we needed to develop a particle that did the same job but was only 6 nanometers in size.
the particle had to pack in the light sensitivity chemical, an amino acid that causes it to be absorbed only by a specific type of heart muscle cells,
and synthesized a star-shaped particle made of polyethylene glycol (PEG) widely used, FDA-approved material. The particle has eight nanoscale tentacles,
offering plenty of points to attach the chemicals needed for the process. The particle was tested by Uma Mahesh Reddy Avula
M d.,lead study author and a research lab specialist in internal medicine. his cell-selective therapy may represent an innovative concept to overcome some of the current limitations of cardiac ablation,
They conducted initial experiments using noninfectious viral-like particles or VLPS, the production of which is orchestrated by the virusmatrix protein and
particles that tightly bundle DNA to fit it into a cell nucleus. These must be dislodged
which exert powerful magnetic fields to compress high-temperature plasmaoiling balls of charged particles that fuse to form helium, releasing large amounts of energy in the process.
grab, spin and nudge tiny particles around. The sonic tractor beam uses a 3d hologram with the shape of a cage or bottle in
while inside the cage, the pressure is close to zero. hen the particle is surrounded by high pressure,
and the particle moves with the trap, said Marzo. Because sound waves can travel through body tissues,
rotate and manipulate particles. The research also introduces an olographic acoustic elements framework that permits the rapid generation of traps
similar to an ultrasound scanner but for manipulating particles Targeted drug delivery and moving your kidney stones around are among the applications the researchers think could emerge from their work.*
*Expanded polystyrene particles ranging from 0. 6 to 3. 1m diameter are levitated above single-sided arrays.
a) The particles can be translated along 3d paths at up to 25m#1 using different arrangements
such as ellipsoidal particles, can be rotated controllably at up to 128. p m. Scale bars represent 2m for the particle in a and 20m for the rest m
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