Particle

Antiparticles (69)
Elementary particles (2776)
Energy particle (8)
Light particle (15)
Neutrino (14)
Neutron (88)
Particle (1465)
Positron (11)
Proton (136)
Subatomic particle (39)

Synopsis: Domenii: Nuclear physics: Nuclear physics generale: Subatomic particles: Particle:

Research into atomic-scale memory focuses on the#ability to move single atoms, one of the smallest particles of any element in the universe.#

thus be adapted according to whatever specific test the user wishes to conduct. ll the biology is contained in magnetic particles that we put in the system at the moment of operation.

The project team has developed particles tiny enough to invade cancer cells and deliver treatments to the very heart of the tumour.

and enhance the efficiency of the treatment. he decorating of nanoparticles very tiny particles with cyclodextrins allows us to play with the functionality,

says project coordinator Dr Konstantina Yannakopoulou. e can use the cyclodextrins to mask the drug-carrying particles

are granulated to three-millimetre large particles. The particles are cooled with liquid nitrogen and then ground into elastomeric powders.

This is then conducted to the melt-mix process with thermoplastics and additives. Here we use, for example, polypropylene as a thermoplastic material.'

the particles are dispersed in the polymer through micro-extrusion and microinjection techniques, and are mixed finally to produce the final piece.'

it is 10 times smaller than the diameter of the average dust particle. The Gan layer was produced at the Paul Drude Institute by Oliver Brandt,

The predicted results include both the pyrolysis process of individual particles and the tar concentration in the gas as a response to the interaction between hot air and wood particles.

and size single H1n1 virus particles. Researchers reported the first demonstrated of the concept in Nano Letters in 2010.

but none have been nearly as successful in detecting nanoscale viral particles in complex media##says Ã#nlã#referring to typical biological samples that may have a mix of viruses bacteria and proteins.##

##The shoebox-sized prototype diagnostic device known as the single particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensor (SP-IRIS) detects pathogens by shining light from multicolor LED sources on viral nanoparticles bound to the sensor surface by a coating

Interference of light reflected from the surface is modified by the presence of the particles producing a distinct signal that reveals the size and shape of each particle.

-like particles could give doctors a new option for curbing surgical bleeding and addressing certain blood clotting disorders without the need for transfusions of natural platelets.

Based on soft and deformable hydrogel materials the clotting particles are triggered by the same factor that initiates the body s own clotting processes.

The particles have been tested with human blood but have not undergone clinical trials in humans.####When used by emergency medical technicians in the civilian world

##If EMTS and medics had particles like these that could be injected and then go specifically to the site of a serious injury they could help decrease the number of deaths associated with serious injuries.##

The synthetic platelet-like particles use the same trigger and so are activated only when the body s natural clotting process is initiated.

To create that trigger researchers followed a process known as molecular evolution to develop an antibody that could be attached to the hydrogel particles to change their form

##The effectiveness of the platelet-like particles has been tested in an animal model and in a microfluidic chamber designed to simulate conditions within the body s circulatory system.

When the platelet-like particles were added to the platelet-depleted blood it was able to clot.

When platelet-like particles were added to the dilute neonate blood it was able to form clots.

Because that blood lacks the triggers needed to cause fibrin formation the particles had no effect.

Before they can be used in humans the particles will have to undergo human trials and receive clearance from the US Food and Drug Administration.

About one micron in diameter the particles were developed originally to be used on the battlefield by wounded soldiers who might self-administer them using a device about the size of a smartphone.

But the researchers believe the particles could also reduce the need for platelet transfusions in patients undergoing chemotherapy or bypass surgery and in those with certain blood disorders.##

##These particles could potentially be a way to obviate the need for a transfusion. Though they don t have all the assets of natural platelets a number of intriguing experiments have shown that the particles help augment the clotting process.##

##In addition to providing new treatment options the particles could also cut costs by reducing costly natural transfusions says Lam assistant professor in the biomedical engineering department at Georgia Tech and Emory University.

What ultimately happens to the hydrogel particles circulating in the bloodstream will be the topic of future research Brown says.

Particles of similar size and composition are eliminated normally from the body. While the platelet-like particles lack many features of natural platelets the researchers were surprised to find one property in common.

Clots formed by natural platelets begin to contract over a period of hours starting the body s repair process.

Clots formed from the synthetic particles also contract but over a longer period of time. Other researchers from Georgia Tech Emory Chapman University and Arizona State university are also coauthors of the paper.

The National institutes of health the US Department of defense and the American Heart Association funded the research. Source: Georgia Techyou are free to share this article under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noderivs 3. 0 Unported license C

which specially-encapsulated miniscule particles are administered with sequences of BACTERIAL DNA that direct the immune system to suppress allergic immune responses,

while lung inflammation was lower than particles that did not contain Cpg. his is exactly

who has developed virus-like particles that act like Ebola, but pose no danger in the laboratory.

By tagging cells with magnetic particles and directing them to different compartments, the cells can be separated,

#Tiniest particles melt and then turn into Jell-o New york University rightoriginal Studyposted by James Devitt-NYU on October 20 2014the fact that microscopic particles known as polymers

and the particles will re-solidify. The new solid is a substance like Jell-o with the polymers adhering to the colloids

which posits that success is found in the middle rather than at extremes doesn t necessarily apply to the smallest of particles.

The study focuses on polymers and colloids#particles as small as one-billionth and one-millionth of a meter in size respectively.

By better understanding polymer and colloidal formation scientists have the potential to harness these particles

and larger colloidal crystals at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 85 degrees C. At room temperature the polymers act as a gas bumping against the larger particles

and applying a pressure that forces them together once the distance between the particles is too small to admit a polymer.

This result the researchers observe reflects enthalpic attraction#the adhesive energy generated by the higher temperatures and stimulating bonding between the particles.

By enhancing how particles are manipulated at the microscopic level these machines could begin creating objects that are more detailed and realistic than is currently possible.

The technology uses lasers to simultaneously cool particles and hold them in place. magine having a shallow bowl with a little molasses in itdemille explains. f you roll some balls into the bowl they will slow down

and particles says lead author Hrvoje Petek professor in the physics and astronomy department at the University of Pittsburgh.

When light (an electromagnetic field) reflects from a metal mirror it shakes the metal s free electrons (the particles)

Excitons particles of light-matter interaction where light photons become transiently entangled with electrons in molecules

This is a quite remarkable spatial resolution. etasurfaces could make it possible to use single photonsâ##the particles that make up lightâ##for switching

or in our case just stir in water all the particles will find one another and link togetherhe says. hey beautifully assemble into a three-dimensional crystal that we predicted computationally

and energy for all the particles to arrange themselves and find the spots they should be inmirkin says.

Many-body theory gives physicists a way to understand how large numbers of interacting particles like molecules atoms

However electrons and holes in semiconductors are charged particles so they interact more strongly than atoms

or bands exist. he Kono team s goal was to keep the particles as dense as possible at liquid helium temperatures (about-450 degrees Fahrenheit)

When pumped by a strong laser these quantum degenerate particles gathered energy and released it as light at the Fermi edge:

the energy level of the most energetic particles in the system. As the electrons and holes combined to release photons the edge shifted to lower energy particles

and triggered more reactions until the sequence played out. The researchers found the emitted light shifted toward the higher red wavelengths as the burst progressed. hat s cool about this is that we have a material we excite it with a 150-femtosecond pulse wait for 100 picoseconds

The challenge for Angel Mart assistant professor of chemistry and bioengineering at Rice university and his team of student researchers was to get their large metallic particles through the much smaller pores of a zeolite cage.

Particles are accelerated generally in two stages. First they are boosted to nearly the speed of light. Then any additional acceleration increases their energy but not their speed;

Inside that murky vial attached to the negative electrode bacteria feast on particles of organic waste

and then watching the microscopic matchstick particles move towards it a phenomenon known as chemotaxis. For the purposes of this experiment the researchers placed silica##manganese oxide eadson the matchstick material and introduced hydrogen peroxide as the chemical fuel in one particular place.

The reaction was so strong that more than half of the matchstick particles did not reverse their orientation once over their 90 seconds of travel towards the hydrogen peroxide

and Brownian rotation. e choose high aspect ratio rodlike particles as they are a favorable geometry for chemotactic swimmers as seen for example in nature in the shapes of certain motile organismssays Bon. e placed the engine

When photons-particles of light-strike the beams they cause the beams to vibrate. And the particulate nature of the light introduces quantum fluctuations that affect those vibrations.

light is neither a particle nor a wave; you need both explanations to understand this experiment#says Safavi-Naeini.#

#You need the particle nature of light to explain these quantum fluctuations and you need the wave nature of light to understand this interference.#

CP violation has only been observed in another type of particle quarks (for which Nobel prizes were awarded in 1980 and 2008) never in neutrinos.

the particles heat up so quickly they instantly vaporize water and create steam. The technology has an overall energy efficiency of 24 percent.

In the new experiments, the Rice lab mixed graphene nanoribbons and tin oxide particles about 10 nanometers wide in a slurry with a cellulose gum binder and a bit of water, spread it on a current collector

he adds. ince the tin oxide particles are only a few nanometers in size and permitted to remain that way by being dispersed on GNR surfaces,

Charged particles such as electrons exist in discontinuous energy levels like rungs on a ladder. An electron provided with enough energy can become excited

Exciting excitonskim s polariton laser however pairs electrons with so-called#holes#to form another type of particle an exciton.

and is treated by physicists as a real separate particle. These excitons are bosons and an unlimited number of them can inhabit any given energy level.

The nanocrystalline materials the scientists have been working on are created those from nanosized particles, in this case from copper.

With DNATRAX the bacteria is replaced by particles of non-biological DNA that can be collected with simple forensic swabs

By applying the DNA particles to the exterior of the suit it is possible to identify

since it comes in super fine particles. Previous methods of binding it to larger matter have already been used

Panasonic has found a way to bind the Tio2 to another particle zeolite (a commercial adsorbent and catalyst)

because the two particles are bound together by electrostatic force. When the novel photocatalytic particles are stirred Tio2 is released from the zeolite and dispersed throughout the water.

As a result reaction speed is much faster than other methods of fixing Tio2 on the surface of substrates

they're made using carbon particles which are mediocre conductors at best and are only really good for a limited scope of simple low-power applications.

Voxel8 a Harvard spin-off founded by professor Jennifer Lewis has designed a new ink that replaces carbon with highly conductive silver particles

The tiny gelatin particles have a huge benefit: They can be administered nasally a noninvasive and direct route to the brain.

The shape s dimensions length, width, height and other parameters (hencemultidimensional) represent information about the colliding particles,

and the equation describing its volume also describes the particles that emerge from the collision.

Unlike the older methods for exploring particle collisions, the amplituhedron is rooted not in a world where a particle starts in one place

and time before moving to the next location and moment. That is the shape does not exist in space-time it does not rely on a conception of the universe that theoretical physicists suspect might be incorrect.

says physicist Lance Dixon, a pioneer in the field of particle collisions, but he cautions that so far it can only describe particle collisions within a simplified version of quantum theory the results don t yet translate to the real world.

Arkani-Hamed acknowledges it is ababy example; he calls itstep zero in the journey to create a new kind of physics a project on par with the discovery of the probabilistic particle collisions themselves.

For now, the amplituhedron offers a hint of what this strange new world could look like. Via Discover Share Thissubscribedel. icio. usfacebookredditstumbleupontechnorat c

she hoped to treat them the same way as materials composed of synthetic particles. That idea might have been a bit naïve, she now acknowledges.

Many scientists have assumed that bottom feeders get most of their energy from tiny particles of organic matter that settle on the seafloor.

causing the particles to fall out of the air. There is an increase in the number of nozzles used and the water flow in marginally increased, in comparison to standard spray setups.

Entanglement is the weird instantaneous link that has been shown to exist between certain particles such as photons

Although entangled particles do not appear to have any physical connection they are capable of acting in concert.

even if the two particles exist at opposite ends of the universe as if they are one.

Entangled particles are frustratingly fickle difficult to capture and even more difficult to manipulate. But the breakthrough made by the Kavli Institute scientists could be a game-changer.

Previous attempts to teleport information by manipulating entangled particles have been promising but have fallen short of practical application.

The billboard's air filtration system is also capable of scrubbing the air of some pretty heavy-duty pollutants such as the dust metal and stone particles common around construction zones.

which two particles can become entangled so that even when separated by large distances, say light-years,

or particles of light, the microscope reveals things that are completely transparent, visualizing them in a much better quality than could be done with ordinary light.

which is the weird instantaneous connection that exists between two entangled particles no matter their distance from one another.

but sulphate and soot particles from fossil fuel burning are the main culprits, the team found."

aerosol particles can act as seeds for clouds, which help to reflect the Sun's rays back into space

bacteria accounted for around 20%of all particles#biological and non-biological#a higher proportion than in the near-Earth atmosphere."

when water molecules in the air coalesce around a seed particle, often dust or soot. Depending on temperature, these complexes can grow into large water droplets or frozen balls of ice,

Researchers working with nanoscale fluorescent particles called quantum dots have predicted long groundbreaking achievements, such as ultra-efficient light-emitting diodes (LEDS) and solar cells,

"involves a reference using at least two particles that interact. This Compton clock is the first to be based entirely on a single particle s mass.

That means that the device, which in principle can be built with a single atom, M#ller says,

Physicists later realized that the absolute temperature of a gas is related to the average energy of its particles.

which particles have no energy at all, and higher temperatures correspond to higher average energies. However, by the 1950s, physicists working with more exotic systems began to realise that this isn't always true:

Technically, you read off the temperature of a system from a graph that plots the probabilities of its particles being found with certain energies.

Normally, most particles have average or near-average energies, with only a few particles zipping around at higher energies.

In theory, if the situation is reversed, with more particles having higher, rather than lower energies, the plot would flip over

and the sign of the temperature would change from a positive to a negative absolute temperature,

electrically charged particles, corralled into separate doughnut-shaped rings by Earth s magnetic field. The outer ring orbits at a distance of some 10,000-60,000 kilometres above Earth,

and encircles an inner band of even more energetic particles, roughly 100-10,000 kilometres above Earth.

narrow belt of charged particles sandwiched between the inner ring and a now highly eroded outer ring."

however, and Baker and his team now attributes its creation to an interplanetary shock wave#a travelling outburst of solar-wind particles from the Sun#that has been detected by other craft.

"It s a new way of trying to get the immune system to prevent phagocytosis of drugs or particles.

particles such as protons and electrons formed from the cauldron of proto-matter, and photons began to bounce around like pinballs.

"That s something really new, says Simon. The cells sit on the surface of the gold#nano particles,

Secondly, the particles can be triggered by an outside magnetic field to produce an electric field when adjacent to individual neurons.

and pollution particles in the sky left behind by jet aircraftctually are signs of a clandestine government effort to modify the weather.

#'Edible Barcodes'Help Fight Counterfeit Drugs Who knew that the answer to fighting the trillion-dollar global counterfeit drug problem rested in a particle the size of a speck of dust?

Within each of the tiny particles is an elaborate nanopore structure think of it as a series of microscopic holes within a thin membrane,

Wuh said the idea of tiny microscopic particles containing data about a drug is farfetched no more than someone 20 years ago saying that a person would have a upercomputer the size of his palm. ut,

000 cubic feet of air--42 percent of which is made of carbon particles. One tower alone is capable of cleaning 123 million cubic feet of clean air per day.

Holding up a bag of pollution particles in this video, he explains that it hard to believe that we accept this pollution as waste

but a more refined approach might allow researchers to standardize the size of diamond particles

Another common approach to levitation involves filling an object with iron oxide particles. But that would be toxic to living cells.

They laced the fluid with particles of gadolinium a rare-earth metal that is highly magnetic and sometimes given to patients to increase contrast in an MRI.

The magnetic field is shaped to pull the gadolinium downward so metal particles push the cells upward,

and how other particles known as mesons are made from pairs of quarks and their antimatter counterparts, antiquarks.

The lack of any evidence for such particles over the past 50 years says Wilkinson,

Wilkinson and colleagues studied the decay of"lambda-b"particles created by protons colliding within LHCB.

the LHCB collaboration made use of data showing not only the energy of the particles produced in the CERN collisions but also their directions.

whether all five quarks are bound tightly together inside the new particle, or whether instead three quarks group together as they do inside protons

The effect may be the first time that a lab-based black hole has created Hawking particles in the same way expected from real black holes.

But in 1974 Stephen Hawking of the University of Cambridge predicted they should emit a faint glow of particles now known as Hawking radiation.

but fizzes with pairs of particles and their antimatter counterparts. Normally these pairs annihilate each other

The horizons create pairs of particles of sound or phonons. One phonon escapes the horizon

An unexpected pattern has been glimpsed in the solar wind the turbulent plasma of charged particles that streams from the sun. It offers clues for handling plasmas that roil inside nuclear fusion reactors On earth.

Composed of charged particles such as protons and electrons the solar wind streams from the sun and pervades the solar system.

when the movement of the wind's particles is perpendicular to the sun's magnetic field they resemble a fluid with sections that are smooth interrupted by bursts of violence.

But when the particles move in parallel with the field lines they behave very differently with the turbulence evenly spread like crinkly mountains that extend as far as the eye can see (see diagram.

If the aligned dust contains iron the particles'slight vibrations due to their own heat would produce polarised microwave radiation says Mertsch.

if you take the dust into account along with emissions from charged particles in the galaxy

Charged particles can flow along these lines into Earth's atmosphere leading to dazzling auroras as well as geomagnetic storms that can wreak havoc on navigation systems and power grids.

#Boxy Cubesats get a propulsion boost in new space race Tiny liquid volcanoes that spray beams of charged particles could make space history next year.

But we also know that the sun pumps out a constant stream of charged particles called the solar wind

and pick up the newly charged particles effectively sweeping them away. Earth is protected from the solar wind by a relatively strong global magnetic field

which repels charged particles from the sun explains Nick Schneider of the Laboratory for Atmospheric

At the same time a stream of particles blowing out from the sun the solar wind inflates a bubble of plasma around the solar system called the heliosphere Astronomers have assumed long that the sun's motion through the galaxy squashes

when charged particles from the solar wind collide with other charged particles in the outer heliosphere Some of these neutral atoms are bounced back towards us.

if we were to look straight down the length of the tail from front to back we would see particles clustered into four distinct lobes like a four-leaf clover (see image above right).

Two opposing lobes on the vertical plane consist of fast-moving particles while the two lobes on the horizontal plane consist of slower-moving particles (watch a NASA video of the tail in action).

The four lobes might be a reflection of solar activity at the time the particles left the sun says IBEX principal investigator David Mccomas. The particles took a few years to reach the tail

so they were born when the sun was minimally active. Around solar minimum you get slow solar wind around low to mid-latitudes from the sun

. But he expected this would create more of a solid horizontal band of slow particles across the tail not the odd lobes.

At solar maximum the bands of slow and fast particles streaming away from the sun break down so the tail may change its shape

A tabletop device just 10 square metres in size can spit out energetic bursts of positrons as dense as those kicked out by the giant particle-factories at CERN.

Antiparticles have the same mass as their ordinary particle counterparts but carry an opposite charge and spin.

The particles annihilate on contact with ordinary matter vanishing in a puff of energy which makes it difficult to produce

These particles are separated into two beams with magnets (Physical Review Letters doi. org/m2n. The team call their device an antimatter gun

and the tabletop method makes searing-hot beams of particles moving at near light speed. As an alternative says Sarri the beams can be used to mimic the way particle fountains from black holes

and pulsars shoot through and interact with gases in the interstellar medium creating mini versions of these enigmatic astrophysical phenomena in the lab for the first time.

If you can grow large particles they will disappear very quickly says Nienke van der Marel of Leiden Observatory in The netherlands.

It means there must be some mechanism that is keeping the large dust particles there because they're not drifting inwards.

and friction the pulverised particles were sent up the screw-shaped drill bore and into a receptacle where they were sifted

Such particles could help scientists to track specific molecules produced in the body monitor a tumor s environment

In a paper appearing in the Nov 18 issue of Nature Communications the researchers demonstrate the use of the particles which carry distinct sensors for fluorescence

Wherever there is a high concentration of Vitamin c the particles show a strong fluorescent signal but little MRI contrast.

Future versions of the particles could be designed to detect reactive oxygen species that often correlate with disease says Jeremiah Johnson an assistant professor of chemistry at MIT and senior author of the study.

Dual actionjohnson and his colleagues designed the particles so they can be assembled from building blocks made of polymer chains carrying either an organic MRI contrast agent called a nitroxide

For this study they created particles in which 99 percent of the chains carry nitroxides and 1 percent carry Cy5. 5. Nitroxides are reactive molecules that contain a nitrogen atom bound to an oxygen atom with an unpaired electron.

The researchers found that their imaging particles accumulated in the liver as nanoparticles usually do.

The mouse liver produces Vitamin c so once the particles reached the liver they grabbed electrons from Vitamin c turning off the MRI signal

These particles could also be used to evaluate the level of oxygen radicals in a patient s tumor which can reveal valuable information about how aggressive the tumor is.

< Back - Next >

Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011