Synopsis:
5. medicine & health: 1. diseases: Diseases: Infectious diseases: Brucellosis:
Livescience_2014 02464.txt
A new genetic analysis of bony nodules found in a 700-year-old skeleton from Italy reveal that the man had brucellosis a bacterial infection caught from livestock
This medieval Italian man joins many other long-dead people in getting a postmortem diagnosis of brucellosis.
In 2009 researchers reported possible signs of brucellosis in a specimen of the human ancestor Australopithecus africanus who lived more than 2 million years ago. 10 Deadly Diseases That Hopped Across Species Disease hunters
The brucellosis-infected Italian came from Sardinia. He was buried in a medieval village called Geridu
Instead the bony nodule held the DNA signature of the bacterium Brucella melitensis the microbe that causes brucellosis.
Animal malady Brucellosis can be transmitted from livestock to humans in several ways. One possibility is that the man caught the disease from direct contact with animals perhaps
Brucellosis is called also Mediterranean fever. It still affects more than 500000 people around the world yearly though livestock vaccination
Today antibiotics are used to treat people with brucellosis and no more than 2 percent of infected people die from the disease according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The method of diagnosing the medieval man's brucellosis could be used to uncover other ancient diseases the researchers said.
Nature 03602.txt
For example, the study estimates that one in eight livestock animals in poor countries are affected by brucellosis,
Popsci_2014 00050.txt
Brucellosis is caused by the bacteria Brucella abortus so named because it causes cattle to miscarry their fetuses.
Although a 2011 study said that the measures have not been successful in reducing the prevalence of brucellosis in the overall population there hasn t yet been documented a case of transmission between Yellowstone bison and livestock.
ScienceDaily_2013 13291.txt
#Vets and medical doctors should team up to tackle diseases transmitted from animals to humansa new study at the Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM) in Antwerp analyses the impact of animal brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis (BTB) on animals
The study concludes that it is crucial to address the interlinks between humans animals and the environment to control animal brucellosis and BTB.
While contagion is extremely unlikely in industrialised countries the largest part of the world's population lives in areas where animal brucellosis
Boukary studied brucellosis and BTB in over 1100 households keeping livestock. He collected nearly 5000 blood samples for brucellosis and tested almost 400 cattle for BTB.
Such a large scale approach involving animal and human health specialists is still a rarity. Results show that around 13%of herds included animals infected with brucellosis.
It was found that animals below the age of one were more likely to fall ill than animals aged 1-4 years.
Human brucellosis and tuberculosis from animal originin humans brucellosis induces undulating fever sweating weakness anemia headaches depression as well as muscular and bodily pain testicular inflammations in men and spontaneous abortion
While contagion is extremely unlikely in industrialised countries the largest part of the world's population lives in areas where animal brucellosis
ScienceDaily_2014 14783.txt
Protocol used to demonstrate brucellosis-free bison from infected herdsa new study from the USDA Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Services (APHIS) and the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) demonstrates that it is possible to qualify bison coming from an infected herd as free of brucellosis using quarantine procedures.
In response to Interagency Bison Management Plan (IBMP) guidelines on federal and state bison management actions the USDA APHIS Brucellosis Eradication:
if it could successfully be used to qualify the animals as brucellosis-free. Results of the study indicated that it is feasible to take young bison from an infected population
and Rule (UM &r) qualify them as brucellosis-free in less than three years. Between 2005 and 2008 more than 200 bison calves of Yellowstone national park origin were transported to a quarantine facility at Corwin Springs Montana just outside Yellowstone national park.
and tested for brucellosis. Those animals that tested positive were euthanized and those remaining were tested until all had two consecutive negative tests.
Since the primary mode of brucellosis transmission is via abortion and birthing events all animals testing negative were held until they produced their first calf
At that point the bison were considered brucellosis-free. The study showed that all bison continued to be brucellosis-free over the course of the seven-year study after the initial screening period and through several calving cycles.
No evidence of brucellosis was found in either newborn calves or their mothers. The results of this study indicate that under the right conditions there is an opportunity to produce live brucellosis-free bison from even a herd with a large number of infected animals like the one in Yellowstone national park said Dr. Jack
Rhyan APHIS Veterinary Officer. Additionally this study was a great example of the benefits to be gained from several agencies pooling resources
and expertise to research the critical issue of brucellosis in wildlife. The authors of the study note that agencies charged with the management of bison agree that capture
and relocation of bison to other suitable habitats would be an appropriate alternative to the lethal removal of bison that exceed population objectives for Yellowstone national park as defined by the IMBP.
and would not transmit brucellosis to cattle or other animals. At the same time a movement to ecologically restore bison to large landscapes is gaining momentum throughout the United states
and Canada and brucellosis-free bison may be needed to seed those landscapes. In particular the genetics of Yellowstone bison are important
and these research findings enable us to practice genetic rescue from brucellosis infected bison herds.
We've also learned a great deal about brucellosis blood testing and how to better interpret results when screening animals for this disease.
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