#Clotting protein hardens aging heartsheart valves calcify over time and Rice university scientists are beginning to understand why.
and the problem may be due to the infiltration of a protein known as von Willebrand factor (VWF).
and humans but as the Rice team discovered it finds its way over time into the collagen-rich interior of the valve tissues.
Because clotting is not an issue in collagen there is no apparent need for VWF to be present.
Through staining Balaoing traced the migration of a number of clotting-related proteins common to pigs and humans from the surface endothelial cells to the inner interstitial cells.
and other proteins gather in the valve tissue's interior. They then tested how valve interstitial cells that produce calcium nodules in diseased valves respond to VWF.
Endothelial cells on the outside of the valve are making most of these (clotting-related) proteins Grande-Allen said.
The researchers suspect the breakdown of collagen over time as well as the constant stretching of the valve opens gaps through
which the proteins can travel. As you get older collagen becomes less organized Balaoing said.
Because the distinct arrangement of extracellular matrix disappears I think proteins like VWF permeate inside the valve more than
what you would see in young healthy adults. We clearly know that our bodies and our whole physiology change with age Grande-Allen said.
Now they hope to find the binding mechanism that keeps the proteins in place as that discovery could lead to treatment.
if VWF and other clotting-related proteins are doing things to the valve interstitial cells
An answer could arrive in the form of a new type of onion that makes less of the protein blamed for making eyes burn
and improve the abnormal lipid profile and gene expression associated with the Mets . Thus this new study shows even greater potential such that by normalizing oxidative inflammatory response
'Birds have to store body-fat to avoid starving during the cold winter nights but this can make them slower
or at least the next slowest bird during the day but also store enough fat to survive each night.'
when the predation risk appears high birds delay putting on fat until late in the day.
but their predators such as the sparrowhawk are keen to stock up their own fat reserves
Recently Sabatini and his lab determined that a family of proteins known as Rag GTPASES act as a switch for the pathway
--when nutrients are present the Rag proteins turn on the mtorc1 pathway. Now several members of the Sabatini lab including graduate student Zhi-Yang Tsun have determined that the FLCN protein acts as a trigger to activate the Rag protein switch.
Their work is described in the November 7 issue of the journal Molecular Cell. Zhi has ascribed a molecular function to this protein
and that's a major contribution says Sabatini who is also a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator and a professor of biology at MIT.
The heart of the system known as activity-based protein profiling is a chemical probe that binds to glycoside hydrolases
Many of the measurements for the study such as the measures of protein activity using mass spectrometry were done at EMSL the DOE's Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory on the PNNL campus. Wright's team included Lindsey
#Chickens to benefit from biofuels bonanzachickens could be unexpected the beneficiaries of the growing biofuels industry feeding on proteins retrieved from the fermenters used to brew bioethanol thanks to research supported by the Engineering and Physical sciences Research Council (EPSRC.
and AB Agri the agricultural division of Associated British Foods to prove that Yeast Protein Concentrate (YPC) can be separated from the fibrous cereal matter.
The researchers have shown also that YPC may be a cost-competitive substitute for imported soya-based and similar high-value protein feeds currently used in the diets of chickens bred for meat production.
As well as the proteins the yeast content provides important vitamins and other micronutrients. Produced by distilling
and YPC allowing global production of almost 3 million tonnes of supplementary high-quality protein per annum alongside current levels of bioethanol produced.
It has long been called'the king of fruits'because of its remarkably high Vitamin c content and balanced nutritional composition of minerals dietary fiber
The duplication contributed to adding additional members of gene families that are involved in regulating important kiwifruit characteristics such as fruit vitamin C flavonoid
Prior to the study extensive research on the metabolic accumulation of Vitamin c carotenoids and flavonoids had been reported in kiwifruits
The protein called Tenascin-C or TNC had previously been recognized as playing a role in wound healing
Reporting in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences during the week of Oct 21 2013 the researchers describe how the TNC protein in breast milk binds to
More recent studies pointed to a large protein that had yet to be identified. In their study the Duke team screened mature milk samples from uninfected women for neutralizing activity against a panel of HIV strains confirming that all of the detectable HIV-neutralization activity was contained in the high molecular weight portion.
Using a multi-step protein separation process the researchers narrowed the detectable HIV-neutralization activity to a single protein and identified it as TNC.
This is a protein involved during wound healing playing a role in tissue repair. It is known also to be important in fetal development
The protein is uniquely effective in capturing virus particles and neutralizes the virus specifically binding to the HIV envelope.
The discovery of the HIV inhibiting effect of this common protein in breast milk provides a potential explanation for why nursing infants born to HIV-infected mothers do not become infected more often than they do said Barton F. Haynes M d. director of the Duke
This trait is caused by the accumulation of large amounts of Î-carotene that was reported to be controlled by a single recessive gene ore.
In this study researchers discovered a key natural variation in a Î-carotene hydroxylase gene that could be used to breed cucumber with enhanced nutritional value.
If you want to cut calories from your diet you cut fat and oils. Conversely if you want to increase the caloric output of your biofuel
An important observation was that the excess oil did not mix with cellular membrane lipids
In seeds he said oil droplets are coated with a protein called oleosin which prevents the droplets from fusing together keeping them smaller
They traced the uptake of C-14-labeled acetate into fatty acids the building blocks of membrane lipids and oils.
Enhancing Fatty acid Synthesis and Diverting Fatty acids from Membrane Lipids to Triacylglycerol in Arabidopsis Leaves http://www. plantcell. org/content/early/2013/09/26/tpc. 113.117358. abstract
-Reduce intake of foods with trans and saturated fats while increasing intake of monounsaturated fats such as avocados and olive oil-Lower intake of animal protein and add more vegetable protein to your diet-Add more fiber to your diet by consuming whole grains vegetables
and fruit-Incorporate more vegetarian sources of iron such as legumes tofu nuts seeds and whole grains-Consume high-fat dairy instead of low-fat dairy-Take a regular women's multivitaminapproximately 40 percent of infertility issues are attributed to men according to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine.
Among them is low sperm count and poor sperm motility which are common in overweight and obese men.
The gene SYN1 encodes the protein synapsin which is involved in communication between nerve cells. Synapsin almost exclusively occurs in nerve cells in the brain.
and researcher at the Institute of Biotechnology (mixed centre of the CSIC-Spanish National Research Council Public University of Navarre and the Government of Navarre) has demonstrated for the first time the viability of using specific tobacco proteins (known as
Thioredoxins (Trxs) are small proteins present in most living organisms. In the course of her research Ruth Sanz demonstrated the capacity of the thioredoxins f
but also to increase the production of proteins like human albumin. For some time Trxs have been known to have a regulating function in living organisms
but in the thesis we have shown that they can also act by helping other proteins to fold
Human albumin is the most widely used intravenous protein in the world for therapeutic purposes.
Although commercial albumin is extracted from blood the lack of a sufficient volume in reserve has prompted many researchers to seek new formulas for obtaining this protein on a large scale economically and safely.
and solid fats counter to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations increasing the risk of obesity and diabetes.
#¢Ate similar amounts of fruits vegetables whole grains dairy potatoes/potato products saturated fats and sugars as students in control schools#¢Consumed significantly more legumesas a result of the intervention
#oethe complex Rddm machinery is composed of several proteins that guide the genome in response to growth developmental and stress signals.
The findings appear online in the Journal of Lipid Research. My collaborators Dr. Rong Wen and Dr. Byron Lam at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute in Florida first sought my expertise in mass spectrometry to analyze cells cultured from a family
and found that the children with RP carry two copies of a mutation at the dehydrodolichol diphosphate synthase (DHDDS) gene which makes the enzyme that synthesizes organic compounds called dolichols.
and safer for farm workerssince 1996 corn containing a gene that allows it to create a protein that is toxic to certain insects yet safe for human consumption has been grown in the United states
and marketability to genetically identical varieties that lacked Bt proteins. In 2010 and 2011 sweet corn trials were conducted in New york Minnesota Maryland Ohio
and cord blood it could be shown that a high exposure to inhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCS) associated with tobacco smoke coincides with high values for mir-223.
Many bacterial fungal and oomycete pathogens deliver protein effectors--molecules the pathogens secrete--into the cells of hosts to manipulate
or discovered have been said proteins lead author Hailing Jin a professor of plant pathology and microbiology. Ours is the first study to add the RNA molecule to the list of effectors.
The process is similar to how protein effectors weaken host immunity in the case of most pathogens.
Organic forms of Se can alter protein conformation and cause developmental problems and inorganic forms of Se can cause oxidative stress.
Ir40a and its related proteins are conserved not only in flies and mosquitoes but also in many other insects that are human
But unlike in women neither soy protein nor a common antidepressant provides relief for men according to researchers at Wake Forest Baptist Medical center.
venlafaxine an antidepressant commonly prescribed to treat hot flashes in women and milk powder protein; soy protein powder and placebo pill;
or venlafaxine and milk powder. Hot flash symptom severity and frequency and quality of life were assessed by the researchers.
The researchers found that neither venlafaxine nor soy protein alone or in combination reduced hot flashes in men.
#Niacin, the fountain of youthwho would not want to live a long and healthy life? A freely available food supplement could help in this respect scientists from ETH Zurich have demonstrated in roundworms.
Vitamin B3--also known as niacin--and its metabolite nicotinamide in the worms'diet caused them to live for about one tenth longer than usual.
As an international team of researchers headed by Michael Ristow a professor of energy metabolism has demonstrated now experimentally niacin
Based on the present study he concludes that niacin brings about a similar metabolic condition to exercise.
Niacin tricks the body into believing that it is exercising--even when this is not the case says Ristow.
After all the metabolic pathway initiated by niacin is very similar in roundworms and higher organisms.
Whether niacin has similar effects on the life expectancy of mice is the subject of Ristow's current research.
Previous studies also suggest a health-enhancing effect of niacin in humans with elevated blood cholesterol levels.
Niacin and nicotinamide have been approved as dietary supplements for decades. Ristow could easily envisage the substances being used broadly for therapeutic purposes in the future.
A whole series of foods naturally contain niacin including meat liver fish peanuts mushrooms rice and wheat bran.
Disputed impact of enzymesthe latest study on the effects of niacin and nicotinamide is based on a particular class of enzymes the sirtuins
which convert niacin into nicotinamide. Moreover they are involved also in gene regulation helping to down regulate the activity of certain genes.
Instead the effect is due to the conversion of niacin into nicotinamide. Studying genetically modified roundworms that were unable to convert nicotinamide into certain other metabolic products the scientists did not observe any lifespan extension even after overexpression of sirtuins which otherwise lead to an increased life expectancy.
But there's growing sentiment that once in the environment some of these bioactive organic compounds may transform in a way that makes their presumed impact less certain.
Another success has been in Colombia where a mixed planting of the shrub Leucaena with a common pasture grass resulted in a 27%increase in dry matter for food and 64%increase of protein production.
#Melatonin helps control weight gain as it stimulates the appearance of#beige fat that can burn calories instead of storing them,
because it stimulates the appearance of'beige fat'a type of fat cell that burns calories in vivo instead of storing them.
whereas'beige fat'(also known as'good or thinning fat')helps regulate body weight control hence its metabolic benefits.
and'white fat'is that'beige fat'cell mitochondria express levels of UCP1 protein responsible for burning calories
and lipid profile (types of fats in the blood); also increased antioxidant defences and decreased markers associated with oxidative DNA damage and inflammation all cardiovascular risk factors.
The modification of oxidative stress in adipose tissue (or fat tissue) can help in the prevention of cardiovascular risk associated with childhood obesity
and saturated fats and therefore are high in calories says Noelia Betoret principal researcher and professor at the School of Agricultural engineering and Natural Environment.
a toxic protein produced in its leaves and stems which kills pests in a matter of days.
Bt maize and resistance developmentgenetically engineered maize is created by introducing a gene into the plant genome that expresses a toxic protein from a bacterium i e.
The fly silk's long fibers make it behave a lot like collagen material used in connective tissues
and collagen-like Yarger and his team had to examine the biopolymers tiny molecular structures that serve as the building blocks for the silk using the Biocars sector 14 at the Argonne National Laboratory-based APS.
But logistically looking at the protein structures within a moth's muscle cells is no easy task.
and proteins that most people think are specific to being multicellular in animals are already present in their unicellular relatives.
and sequenced the protein-coding genes of the organism to construct a 159-protein matrix for phylogenetic analyses.
Increased intake of folate was associated also with a decreased risk of depression. Vegetables fruits berries whole-grains meat and liver are the most important dietary sources of folate.
In addition increased coffee consumption was associated non-linearly with a decreased risk of depression. In addition participation in a three-year lifestyle intervention study improved depression scores with no specific group effect.
Contrary to some earlier observations Vitamin b12 intake serum concentrations of n-3 PUFAS serum ratio of n-6 to n-3 PUFAS tea drinking and total caffeine
but a new protein discovered in the venom of Australian tarantulas can also kill prey insects that consume the venom orally.
The protein is strongly insecticidal to the cotton bollworm an important agricultural pest according to research published September 11 in the open access journal PLOS ONE by Glenn King and Maggie Hardy from the Institute of Molecular
The small protein named orally active insecticidal peptide-1 (OAIP-1) was found to be highly toxic to insects that consumed it with potency similar to that of the synthetic insecticide imidacloprid.
and colleagues present first evidence of a functional interaction between an important class of signaling molecule called A g protein which binds receptors and an unexpected class of cell-surface receptors.
and others found this gene to encode A g protein called GÎ. Further experiments indicated an unexpected interaction between GÎ
which acts as a signaling switch can be activated by A g protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that belongs to a class of cell-surface receptors that pass the cell membrane only a single time.
e g. chloroplasts in plant cells which are involved in photosynthesis mitochondria in both animal and plant cells engaged in respiration
and ribosomes that are essential for protein synthesis. Each organelle also produces a range of chemicals for the cell.
When we purified for the first time the tannosomes (unknown objects at this time) we thought we had obtained chloroplasts and rejected them as rubbish artifacts.
After several trials we considered that chloroplasts were not the only green objects in plants.
whether the internal proteins of these viruses have particular signatures (amino acid composition) possibly related to host adaptation.
Pavlath's process involves treating freshly cut apple slices with a form of Vitamin c resulting in the first commercial product that retains the desirable characteristics of fresh apples without leaving a detectable residue.
People in Europe for centuries preserved fresh fruit with larding a coating of the melted fat from hogs.
and transform them into oils and fats for biodiesel production. Brown said that either the bacteria themselves
and fruits followed by protein-rich foods and should not be started before six months in line with recommendations for exclusive breastfeeding until that time.
and sugar and the protein iron calcium and carbohydrate content from the manufacturers'websites labels on products in store and via direct email inquiry.
And their protein content was only 40%higher than formula milk. Products containing meat had the highest iron content
and the inclusion of fruit sugars rather than refined sugars won't make any difference in terms of the risk of tooth decay they say.
and protein as 100g of a similar commercial product say the authors. They emphasise that the main point of weaning foods is to increase the energy content of the diet
and beverage coloring he said citing fruit drinks vitamin waters ice cream and yogurt. They are stable for instance
when it comes to inhibiting cancer-causing pathways (such as the AP-1 protein) while activating chemoprotective genes (such as the Nrf2 gene).
Liver samples were taken from the lambs born to these ewes at four months of age to examine their genes and proteins.
Two of these proteins are already being studied as potential drug targets against other pathogens. The team sequenced the genome of Haemonchus contortus
and Vitamin d supplements to prevent and manage osteoporosis an unwanted side effect of breast cancer therapies. However new research from Wake Forest Baptist Medical center finds that the recommended daily doses of these supplements may not prevent loss of bone mineral density (BMD) in these women.
and Vitamin d supplementation in maintaining skeletal health of women with breast cancer he said. At the doses recommended the data show that these supplements are inadequate to prevent loss of BMD.
and 200-1000 IU Vitamin d the doses commonly recommended do not prevent loss of BMD in women with breast cancer.
and Vitamin d supplements to these women a low intensity intervention that seems to make sense Datta said
and efficacy of calcium and Vitamin d supplementation in women undergoing breast cancer therapy. The research is supported by the Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University Cancer Control Traineeship--NCI/NIH grant R25ca122061.
Because of the energy requirements of nitrogen fixation we want to put it in chloroplasts because that's where the energy-storing ATP molecules are produced.
The data also suggested that women with the highest intake of vitamins A c and E had the lowest risk of bladder cancer.
which suggests that the maintenance of such early-successional habitats in mature forest may benefit these species. Study results did not find a correlation between habitat and the presence of fat or parasites.
Furthermore gemsbok and springbok are two of the main protein sources for local communities who would be affected negatively by declining wildlife population sizes.
I think it will take some time to get to proteins. My expectation is that it will take 10 to 20 years to develop.
Remember for NMR it took 50 years to be able to read the structure of proteins.
I have reduced refined sugar intake and encouraged my family to do the same he adds noting that the new test showed that the 25 percent added-sugar diet--12.5 percent dextrose (the industrial name for glucose)
Chow for the mice was a highly nutritious wheat-corn-soybean mix with vitamins and minerals.
Daniela Dunkler Ph d. of Mcmaster University Ontario Canada and colleagues examined the association of a healthy diet alcohol protein and sodium intake with incident or progression of CKD among patients with type
Patients in the lowest group of total and animal protein intake had increased an risk of CKD compared with patients in the highest group.
Sodium intake within a wide range and normal protein intake are associated not with CKD the study concludes.
a protein that stimulates the immune system to attack HER2-positive breast cancer cells. The research team developing the drug--led by scientists at the Nanomedicine Research center part of the Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute in the Department of Neurosurgery at Cedars-Sinai Medical center--conducted the study in laboratory mice with implanted human
and less responsive to treatment than others because the overactive HER2 gene makes excessive amounts of a protein that promotes cancer growth.
But Herceptin is an antibody to the HER2 gene--it naturally seeks out this protein--so the research team used key parts of Herceptin to guide the nanodrug into HER2-positive cancer cells.
We genetically prepared a new'fusion gene'that consists of an immune-stimulating protein interleukin-2
Attaching IL-2 to the platform helped stabilize the protein and allowed us to double the dosage that could be delivered to the tumor.
The researchers also attached other components such as molecules to block a protein (laminin-411) that cancer cells need to make new blood vessels for growth.
Scientists discover key to easing aquacultures reliance on wild-caught fishfor the first time scientists have been able to develop a completely vegetarian diet that works for marine fish raised in aquaculture the key to making aquaculture a sustainable industry as the world's need for protein increases.
and Allen Place at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental science's Institute for Marine and Environmental Technology are published in the August issue of the journal Lipids.
and protein demand without developing and evaluating alternative ingredients to reduce fishmeal and fish oil use said the study's lead author Dr. Aaron Watson.
We can now sustain a good protein source without harvesting fish to feed fish. The replacement of fishmeal and fish oil in aquaculture diets has been a goal for researchers for decades
or canola oil supplemental lipids from algae sources and amino acid supplements such as taurine. An amino acid used in energy drinks taurine plays a critical role in the metabolism of fats stress responses
and muscle growth and is found in high levels in carnivorous fish and their prey.
The study Taurine Supplementation of Plant Derived Protein and n-3 Fatty acids are Critical for Optimal Growth
and Allen Place of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental science's Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology and Frederic Barrows of the U s. Department of agriculture's Agricultural research service is published in the August issue of Lipids.
Mammals have lots of DNA kicking around that doesn't code for proteins while fruit flies have relatively little.
and stores well will provide a boost of Vitamin c well into winter. Brown expects it will be popular with fans of Empire and Granny smith.
They noted that humans can completely meet protein needs with plant-based diets but that crop systems would need to shift (e g. toward more production of protein-rich legumes) to meet human dietary needs.
The good news is that we already produce enough calories to feed a few billion more people Cassidy says.
Dry ready-to-eat sugar-added cereals combine refined sugar and starch. When those carbohydrates are consumed bacteria in the dental plaque on tooth surfaces produce acids says Christine Wu professor of pediatric dentistry
since omega-3 deficiencies causes an increase of omega-6 fats which are proinflammatory molecules in the brain and other tissues.
Casazza suggests kids start the day with fruits proteins and whole grains. Avoid sugary cereals
#Natural pest control protein effective against hookworm: A billion could benefita benign crystal protein produced naturally by bacteria
and used as an organic pesticide could be a safe inexpensive treatment for parasitic worms in humans
In earlier research Aroian and his collaborators described a protein Cry5b that can kill intestinal nematode parasites--such as human hookworms--in infected test animals (hamsters.
Cry5b belongs to a family of proteins that are accepted generally as safe for humans. These proteins are produced naturally in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) a bacterium
which is applied to crops as a natural insecticide on some organic farms and Cryb proteins have been engineered into food crops such as corn
and rice to render them pest resistant. As shown for the first time in this paper Cry5b can also be expressed in a species of bacterium Bacillus subtilis which is closely related to Bacillus thuringiensis and
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