#Engineering a protein to prevent brain damage from toxic agentsresearch at New york University is paving the way for a breakthrough that may prevent brain damage in civilians
Their work centers on proteins called phosphotriesterases which have the unique capability of degrading chemicals in a class known as organophosphates
however applications using the protein for this purpose have been limited by its short half-life and instability at high temperatures.
a thermo-stable protein with a longer half-life that retains all the detoxification capabilities of the original version.
In a process that married computational biology and experimentation the collaborators used Rosetta computational modeling software to identify sequences in the fluorinated phosphotriesterase protein that could be modified to increase its stability
The possibilities for this reengineered protein are considerable. Montclare explained that in addition to therapeutic formulations which could prevent nerve damage in the event of a gas attack
or pesticide exposure and would likely be developed first for military use the proteins could be critical
These proteins could accomplish that same task enzymatically without the need for reactors and formation of dangerous byproducts.
and the research team believes that its methodology--using computational biology to identify potentially beneficial modifications to proteins--could point the way to future breakthroughs in engineered proteins.
Gluten a protein is found in grains such as wheat barley rye and triticale a cross between wheat and rye.
and then translated into proteins--messages written from DNA and taken to other parts of the cell to tell it what to do.
Calcium (Ca) inorganic phosphate (Pi) Vitamin d and protein are nutrients that impact bone and skeletal muscle integrity.
and proteins and in many countries are fortified with Vitamin d. Dairy foods are important sources of these nutrients
and protein are important components of beneficial dairy consumption. Combined Vitamin d and calcium supplementation has been shown to reduce the incidence of hip and other non-vertebral fractures among older populations with some studies suggesting that Vitamin d actually leads to lower rates of falling in subjects.
and protein supplementation are required together to improve strength. Combining the four above-mentioned nutrients with physical activity decreases the likelihood of bone
and protein at levels comparable to recommended intakes and are fortified with Vitamin d. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by Taylor & francis. Note:
If left to roam free these free radicals can attack DNA proteins and lipids resulting in cellular changes that lead to development of diseases such as cancer.
The team looked at the five main sources of protein in the American diet: dairy beef poultry pork and eggs.
a calorie or gram of protein. The main challenge the team faced was to devise accurate faithful input values.
and concentrates such as corn) the team developed equations that yielded values for the environmental cost-per calorie and then per unit of protein for each food.
protein DHA for puppies/kittens and no fillers artificial ingredients or byproducts (Packaged Facts 2014). 6. In 2013 more households had dogs than children with 39 percent of households having a dog
and felines that are focused on the high quality of proteins and grains in pet food. 8. 53 percent of dogs and 58 percent of cats are overweight causing the need for functional and therapeutic pet food (APOP 2013). 9. 51 percent
People following the DASH diet are encouraged to eat fruits vegetables low-fat dairy and protein predominantly from plant sources.
Lean beef can be enjoyed as the predominant protein source in a DASH-like diet along with fruits vegetables and low-fat dairy to effectively help lower blood pressure in healthy individuals the researchers report in the Journal of Human Hypertension.
This DASH-like diet is called also the BOLD+diet--Beef in an Optimal Lean Diet plus additional protein.
This evidence suggests that it is the total protein intake--not the type of protein--that is instrumental in reducing blood pressure as part of a DASH-like dietary pattern the researchers stated.
Some of the genes that were activated differently in the honey-eating bees have been linked to protein metabolism brain-signaling and immune defense.
and rice drinks but data is limited for rice protein-based infants formulas. Recommendations to limit exposure to arsenic in ricebecause of these concerns the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition urges regulation of the inorganic arsenic content of dietary products used by infants and children.
#Progress in allergic asthma research after ingestion of fruitsresearchers at the UPM suggest that the interaction between two proteins can be the responsible for the allergic asthma episodes after eating an infected fruit.
A protein known as Alt a 1 and related to the virulence is found in the spores this protein is described as the major allergen of this fungus.
According to this research this protein can be a major cause of childhood asthma in US. When a pathogen infects a plant the defense response is activated producing an increase of certain proteins related to the defense (known as protein 5). Likewise the fungus increases the production of the proteins involved in attacks or virulence.
However the symptoms of rot by Alternaria alternata are seen not in some fruits for example in kiwifruit.
and they detected the presence of Alt a 1 a protein of fungal virulence. Also researchers studied how this protein is involved in the activation of defense protein 5 in kiwifruit.
Fourteen days after the infection the kiwifruits showed a regular aspect without apparent development of the fungus
and Kiwi proteins) they detected the presence of Alt a 1 in the pulp. What is more they observed that this fungal protein is found in the same areas that the defense protein of the kiwifruit.
Using computer modeling techniques they identified a surface area in Alt a 1 susceptible to interact with the defense protein.
In that interaction Alt a 1 is joined to a region of the protein 5 of the kiwifruit causing a remarkable decrease of its defense activity.
These results reveal that Alt a 1 is an inhibitor of the defense proteins of family 5
which is particularly important in processes of fungal infection. Researchers did observed not development of the fungus in kiwifruit
In a gastronomic tour of some of the many food descriptors used in medicine the author highlights imagery such as'anchovy sauce'to describe the pus from a liver abscess through'sago spleen'to indicate protein (amyloid) deposits to'oat
and stop the progression of PDÂ#said Pahan. â#oeit is known that some important proteins like Parkin
Rhodopsin and rhodopsin family proteins in our eyes detect light and without our eyes we are unable to detect light.
We had revealed already in previous studies reported in 2010 (PNAS) that a photoreceptive protein Opsin-5 exists in the quail's hypothalamus in the brain says Professor Yoshimura.
This Opsin-5 protein was expressed in the CSF-contacting neurons which protrudes towards the third ventricle of the brain.
In addition when the RNA interference method was used to inhibit the activity of the Opsin-5 protein expressed in the CSF-contacting neurons the secretion of the thyroid-stimulating hormone from the pars tuberalis of the pituitary gland was inhibited.
The species'small size and high-protein content make that an attractive possibility. Ninth-graders from Cesar Chavez Public Charter School for Public Policy in Washington focused their attention on
and shares many of the same genes as other plants and crops he and his team of biologists discovered that the proteins encoded by the four genes they discovered repress the development of stomata at elevated CO2 levels.
Using a combination of systems biology and bioinformatic techniques the scientists cleverly isolated proteins which when mutated abolished the plantâ##s ability to respond to CO2 stress.
Because other proteins known as proteases are needed to activate the EPF2 peptide the scientists also used a â#oeproteomicsâ#approach to identify a new protein that they called CRSP (CO2 Response Secreted Protease)
which they determined is crucial for activating the EPF2 peptide. â#oewe identified CRSP a secreted protein
and EPF2 could be used to engineer crop varieties which are better able to perform in the current and future high CO2 global climate where fresh water availability for agriculture is dwindling. â#The discoveries of these proteins
This knowledge could help develop customized therapies like training the body's immune system to respond to certain proteins found in foods.
However determining which protein in a food causes an allergic response to a patient requires time-consuming tests that often ignore rare or unexpected allergens.
and accurately identify the culprit proteins even at very low concentrations. The method has been tested successfully in the context of cow milk allergy.
when the body's immune system mistakes a harmless food protein for a threat and attacks it as it would normally do with a bacterium or a virus. This causes symptoms like swelling rashes pain and even life-threatening anaphylactic shocks.
but that does not tell them which one of the numerous proteins in milk--and other foods--is causing the allergic response.
The team of Hubert Girault at EPFL has developed a highly sensitive method that uses a patient's Ige to determine specifically which protein induces allergic responses in them.
As the milk's proteins pass over the patient's Ige antibodies the ones that cause allergies are caught by them
The beads are washed then with a strong chemical that causes the allergy-inducing protein to dissociate from the patient's Ige antibodies.
The isolated culprit protein is identified then using mass spectrometry which is a technique that analyzes compounds according to their mass and electrical charge.
The method offers a personalized way to identify the exact proteins that can cause food allergies to a patient which can help develop an effective treatment.
Finally it provides higher accuracy than conventional allergy-testing methods as it can detect tiny amounts of allergic proteins
which locusts absorb protein and carbohydrate from different plants does not increase in step with temperature.
The first Kangaroo grass gives a high protein diet at high temperatures and a high carbohydrate diet at low temperatures.
In wheat the protein/carbohydrate ratio does not change with temperature but locusts are able to absorb the nutrients more effectively at higher temperatures.
however the locusts sit in warmer areas to ensure a protein-rich meal. Dr Clissold adds Being small insects can take advantage of the multitude of microclimates available.
Both grains have high levels of protein fiber and beta-glucan. There is now evidence that oats
or ingredient's protein structure reducing the salty sweet or bitter signal to the brain.
Specifically the study results using mice genetically engineered to mimic Alzheimer's disease suggest that Lavado cocoa extract prevents the protein Î-amyloid-(AÎ) from gradually forming sticky clumps in the brain
--which are shot plasmids into a cell to mark the location of targeted proteins. The JBEI pbullets are constructed with markers for the plant endomembrane system the collection of membranes that separates a cell's functional and structural compartments.
when it comes to localizing proteins. While the 403 Arabidopsis clones represent approximately 88-percent of the defined Arabidopsis GTS the 96 rice clones represent only 15-percent of the defined rice GTS.
The secretory proteins showed high representation in transcriptome of pig whipworm. The peptidases particularly the secreted peptidases upregulated during larval development
and unexpectedly the genetically modified female larvae containing the tetracycline lethality genes also took on a crimson color due to overexpression of the linked red fluorescent protein marker gene.
They found that EBB1 codes for a protein that helps to restart cell division in a part of the tree known as meristem
cadmium-free cropswith news reports of toxic cadmium-tainted rice in China a new study describes a protein that transports metals in certain plants
The Cornell-led study published in The Plant Cell describes an important role of a protein that transports nutrients â#OPT3 â#in maintaining balance of the essential micronutrient iron in Arabidopsis small plants related to cabbage
Is it possible to prevent the illness by splitting the proteins of cows milk? Splitting the cow's milk proteins in a formula doesn't prevent the start-up of the disease process of type 1 diabetes in predisposed children shows a large international study.
Previous studies have indicated that early exposure to complex foreign proteins such as cow's milk proteins increases the risk of type 1 diabetes in predisposed individuals.
whether delaying the exposure to complex foreign proteins will decrease the risk of diabetes tells Professor Mikael Knip from the University of Helsinki the leader of the TRIGR Study.
It's estimated that freshwater fishes make up more than 6%of the world's annual animal protein supplies for humans--and the major and often only source of animal protein for low income families across Bangladesh Indonesia and the Philippines added Tanentzap.
We were amazed to find a new system that controls bone mass through a protein expressed of all the places in the stomach.
#Grain legume crops sustainable, nutritiouspopular diets across the world typically focus on the right balance of essential components like protein fat and carbohydrates.
In addition to the micronutrients described in this research they also contain 20-25%protein 45-50%slowly digestible starch soluble and insoluble fiber
When the ants are need in of protein they simply eat the aphids. Ants also distribute organic matter by moving dead insects into the colonies
The researchers have discovered a pair of proteins made by flowering plants that are vital for the production of the sperm present within each pollen grain.
and DAZ2 are controlled by the protein DUO1 that acts as a'master switch '--so that DUO1 and the DAZ1/DAZ2 genes work in tandem to control a gene network that ensures a pair of fertile sperm is made inside each pollen grain.
The researchers found that benzbromarone targets a specific protein known as Ldtr in the citrus greening bacterium.
When benzbromarone binds to Ldtr it inactivates the protein which disrupts a cell wall remodeling process critical for the greening bacteriumâ##s survival inside a citrus tree. â#oeas a consequence of the chemical treatment several genes were expressed not
New research led by Newcastle University UK has tested the insect-specific Hv1a/GNA fusion protein bio-pesticide--a combination of a natural toxin from the venom of an Australian funnel web spider
This means increased calorie and protein needs as well as increased need for vitamins and minerals like calcium Vitamin d iron and folate.
The extra protein from the Greek yogurt will keep your hungry teen full and he or she will also be getting fiber from the fruit as well as Vitamin c potassium folic acid and calcium.
The shift toward a diet higher in calories and richer in protein could lift many in hunger-stricken regions such as Sub-saharan africa South Asia China and Mongolia above the malnutrition line.
The two receptor systems have different classes of plant receptor proteins to detect different types of pathogen molecules.
The presence of the pathogen in the cell activates specific proteins that cause death of both the plant cell and the invading pathogen.
The polysaccharide produced by this strain also improves the functionality of proteins recovered from the cheese by product whey Hassan explained.
This protein-polysaccharide mixture can be dried and added to salad dressing mayonnaise or even processed meats like sausage.
When mixed with polysaccharide less protein is needed to give the same effect. Furthermore the polysaccharide produced by this strain minimizes the negative impact of heat on milk protein during pasteurization according to Hassan.
Essentially heat breaks down protein a process called denaturation but the bacteria encapsulate protein thereby maintaining more of its nutritional value.
This unique polysaccharide will also address a longstanding problem in the dairy industry--the formation of biofilm on milk processing equipment Hassan noted.
The results published in The Journal of Nutrition show that women who consistently ate a diet high in protein
In our study women who ate protein-rich foods including lean meats fish and chicken as well as fruit whole grains and vegetables had significantly lower risk of preterm birth.
but most emphasize eating animal proteins and fats which may raise cholesterol. Diets that are high in vegetable proteins
Eco-Atkins participants aimed for a balance of 26 per cent of calories from carbohydrates 31 per cent from proteins and 43 per cent from fat--coming primarily vegetable oils.
Proteins came from gluten soy vegetables nuts and cereals. Predominant fat sources for the Eco-Atkins diet were nuts vegetable oils soy products and avocado.
and a decrease in certain inflammatory markers associated with poor lung function including white blood cells and C reactive-protein protein.
Alpha-tocopherol inhibits the action of the protein and gamma-tocopherol increases the action of the protein.
A 10 percent reduction in lung function is like an asthmatic condition Cook-Mills said.
Antibodies are protein molecules that are an important part of the body's immune defense system but can cause rejection of a transplanted organ.
This hints that protein might play a greater role in appetite suppression than the breakdown of starch
Many mechanisms of resistance to Bt proteins have been proposed and studied in the lab but this is the first analysis of the molecular genetic basis of severe pest resistance to a Bt crop in the field said Bruce Tabashnik one of the paper's authors and the head of the Department of Entomology in the UA College
and implement resistance management strategies such as providing refuges of standard cotton plants that do not produce Bt proteins and releasing sterile pink bollworm moths.
Crops genetically engineered to produce proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis --or Bt--were introduced in 1996 and planted on more than 180 million acres worldwide during 2013.
Organic growers have used Bt proteins in sprays for decades because they kill certain pests but are not toxic to people and most other organisms.
Pest control with Bt proteins--either in sprays or genetically engineered crops--reduces reliance on chemical insecticides.
Although Bt proteins provide environmental and economic benefits these benefits are cut short when pests evolve resistance.
encoding a protein called cadherin. Binding of Bt toxin to cadherin is an essential step in the intoxication process.
The researchers learned that the astonishing diversity of cadherin in pink bollworm from India is caused by alternative splicing a novel mechanism of resistance that allows a single DNA sequence to code for many variants of a protein.
Grains of corn could be engineered to produce proteins that could be extracted and processed into medicine pharmaceuticals
Macronutrients (carbohydrates protein and fat) provide calories or energy. Our bodies need smaller amounts of micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals.
Wheat and rice also saw notable declines in protein content at higher CO2. Across a diverse set of environments in a number of countries we see this decrease in quality Leakey said.
A new Cornell study published this May in Eating Behaviorsinvolving 502 young women (20-35 years old) showed that tofu lovers saw it as a great source of light inexpensive energizing protein.
While women in the study who already cooked Tofu were twice as likely to think of it as a great source of protein
and diet related aspects of Tofu such as being high in protein and calcium or that it has no cholesterol only resulted in a 12%increase in the likelihood of purchase.
The oocytes are useful for expression of a wide variety of proteins and are particularly helpful
when studying difficult proteins that don't express well in other systems. Based on their work figuring out what Apglnt1 transports
The three-year study included cell culture studies at Rice as well as a detailed analysis of gene expression profiles of more than 500 patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas and protein-expression profiles from about 200
were most likely seeking scarce minerals and an extra boost of protein. On a beautiful December day in 2013 they found the precious nutrients in the tears of a spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) relaxing on the banks of the RÃ o Puerto Viejo in northeastern Costa rica.
When minerals are rare in the soil animals sometimes gather salt and other rare minerals and proteins from sweat tears urine and even blood.
Binding of the chemical to this protein triggers a secondary function that'primes'the plant immune system against future attacks by pests and diseases.
and Toxicology explaining that most of these mechanisms involve Nrf2 a protein present in virtually every cell that acts as a molecular switch.
That protein Hrd1 is part of the cells'garbage disposal--it specializes in destroying misfolded proteins before they can accumulate
Previous efforts only focused on the Keap1 protein and tried to prevent it from breaking down Nrf2 Zhang said.
#Soy-dairy protein blend increases muscle mass, study showsa new study published online in the Journal of Applied Physiology shows additional benefits of consuming a blend of soy
and dairy proteins after resistance exercise for building muscle mass. Researchers from the University of Texas Medical Branch found that using a protein blend of soy casein
and whey post-workout prolongs the delivery of select amino acids to the muscle for an hour longer than using whey alone.
This study sheds new light on how unique combinations of proteins as opposed to single protein sources are important for muscle recovery following exercise
when compared to whey alone as only the blended protein kept synthesis rates elevated three to five hours after exercise.
Because of the increased demand for high-quality protein this study provides critical insight for the food industry as a whole
With more and more consumers recognizing the importance of protein for their overall health and well-being the results of this study have particular relevance to a large segment of the population from the serious sports and fitness enthusiast to the mainstream consumer.
if consumption of a blend of proteins with different digestion rates would prolong amino acid availability and lead to increases in muscle protein synthesis after exercise.
The protein beverages provided to study subjects consisted of a soy-dairy blend 25 percent isolated Dupont Danisco SUPRO soy protein 50 percent caseinate 25 percent whey protein isolate)
or a single protein source (whey protein isolate). Muscle biopsies were taken at baseline and up to five hours after resistance exercise.
The protein sources were ingested one hour after exercise in both groups. The study demonstrates that consuming a soy-dairy blend leads to a steady rise in amino acids the building blocks of muscle.
The data showed that the soy-dairy blend yields an increase in select amino acid delivery for about an hour longer than the use of whey protein alone.
The blend also sustained a greater positive net amino acid balance than whey suggesting there is less muscle protein breakdown during the time period shortly after consumption of a blended protein product.
which is used to inject virulence proteins into its target. It's exciting to learn that metabolites excreted by the host can play a role in triggering this system in bacteria said Thomas Metz an author of the paper and a chemist at the Department of energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
We know that microbes can disguise themselves by altering the proteins or molecules that the plant uses to recognize the bacteria as a strategy for evading detection said Peck associate professor of biochemistry at the University of Missouri
and act as a thickening agent while providing a cost-effective protein source. The article highlighted food scientists using sprouted brown rice to increase protein in bars powdered shakes soups pastas ready-to-drink beverages cereals and sweet and savory snacks.
Rice starches are being used to provide a variety of texture options in both food and beverages from smooth and creamy to crispy and crunchy.
The Protein Evolution: The protein market is still center stage with 57 percent of consumers especially between the ages of 18-34 and above age 65 seeking protein sources.
These consumers are seeking more protein to maintain healthy bones/joints strengthen immune systems and build muscle strength/tone
while maintaining energy throughout the day. Kid-Specific: Almost half of America's 32 million moms who say they always buy health foods/drinks for their kids are looking for a wider range of healthy convenient kid-friendly foods/drinks with nutrient
Half of the users of protein drinks believe they help them perform better during exercise.
while others added more calcium protein antioxidants or omega 3/fish oil. An estimated 60 percent of adults believe that protein works for weight loss (IFIC 2013a)
and one-third believe protein boosts metabolism and aids in fat burning. Gen Zen: Today's Millennials between the ages of 14 and 33 view their food choices as healthier more expensive more natural/organic less processed better tasting and fresh (Hartman 2013c.
Millennials are also the most likely to believe that functional foods/beverages can be used in place of some medicines (NMI 2012) to relieve tiredness/lack of energy retain mental sharpness with aging stress and eye health.
Millennials and Gen Xers read nutrition labels for calories vitamins/minerals serving size and protein.
or protein consumption goes up. Because livestock production is a contributor to greenhouse gases he said it had to be put on the table.
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