with pay, night work, protection against unemployment and medical care and sickness benefits. The Doing Business methodology is fully consistent with these 6
unemployment protection schemes as well as data on whether employers are required legally to provide health insurance for employees with permanent
Availability of unemployment protection scheme? Yes Health insurance existing for permanent employees? Yes Availability of courts
Despite the decreasing affordability of education, increasing unemployment caused by the financial crisis has led to increases in the number of students enrolled in higher education institutes as
education is seen as an alternative to unemployment. The composite effect of rising unemployment and tuition fees, however, has contributed to exacerbating inequalities in access to higher education (see Figure
E. 3. 1 on educational attainment in tertiary education. This trend, which is corroborated by the discussion in the Delphi exercise, is likely to continue into the coming decades (Lewis & Verhoeven 2010
Unemployment of skilled and unskilled labor in an open economy International trade, migration, and outsourcing.
and M. Signorelli,"Youth unemployment rate and impact of financial crises",International Journal of Manpower,(2012), Vol. 33 (1): 76-95
Youth unemployment †does the EU case about its future?.Policy Brief. E P. Centre Dobbs, R, Remes, J.,Manyika, J.,Roxburgh, C.,Smit, S,
the EU-25 Member States on pensions, health care, long-term care, education and unemployment transfers 2004-2050), Special report.
"Unemployment and Right-wing Extremist Crime "Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 113 (2: 260†285 FAO,"How to Feed the World in 2050,2009.
Youth unemployment and crime in France. Journal of the European Economic Association, 7 (5): 1542-4774
The link between unemployment and crime rate fluctuations: An analysis at the county, state, and national levels.
Saridakis, G. Spengler, H. 2012. â€oecrime, deterrence and unemployment in Greece: A panel data approach†The Social science Journal,(49) 2: 167-174
maintaining higher wages at the cost of higher unemployment versus favoring higher levels of employment
of the economy and a decrease in unemployment (Koellinger & Thurik 2012) so a more analytic approach toward
High levels of unemployment, large numbers of temporary workers and low productivity undermine the performance of Andalusia†s labour market.
Youth unemployment rate (2007) 18.1 23.3 Source: OECD Regional Database The socioeconomic context Andalusia is the southernmost region of peninsular Spain
unemployment rising from 11%to 27.2%in early 2010(+16.2%)compared to+12.7%for Spain as a
The rapid soaring of unemployment has been the result of the industrial and labour market structures of the region.
Arguably, large regional unemployment also conceals a remarkable share of labour informality, which negatively impacts on labour productivity
unemployment benefits constitute a disproportionately large share of its social benefit package relative to the EU15 countries on average
the high level of unemployment, large reliance on temporary workers, and low productivity. Although the overreliance of the region on the construction industry â€
Already by 2009, unemployment among young adults (16-24) was considerably higher (38), %and among those with just a high school diploma, the unemployment rate stood at 56
The youth unemployment rate is much higher: while it is 43 percent in Spain, estimates indicate that 39 percent of the registered youth unemployed are located
unbroken employment (The Leader, Andalusia Suffering Most from Unemployment, 21.11.2009. The above synopsis indicates that the rapid economic growth
unemployment, notably youth unemployment, are being impacted severely. Moreover, the region has a relatively limited entrepreneurial where people enter public sector employment as their preference
and youth unemployment, suggest a need for a wider focus on entrepreneurship, including education, vocational educational training, self employment, assistance to all forms of start-ups,
Firstly, the region must cope with the very high levels of unemployment (average of 27.2 %peaking at almost 32%in Cadiz in April 2010), particularly youth unemployment,
which has risen steeply in recent years. This is a trend that is not expected to be reversed in the short term.
levels of unemployment require the region to support all forms of entrepreneurship and start-ups in all
levels of youth unemployment, a slow down in the number of migrants, emigration by EU ex-pats, etc
about possible layoffs and responds by increasing savings at the expense of consumption. In this context, demand for local products and services is affected.
The high and rising levels of general and youth unemployment necessitate the harnessing of all ideas, talents, sectors, etc. for the future of the region
of people entering the unemployment register will require rapid retraining and start-up support to engage in new forms of activity.
Promote self employment to tackle unemployment and diversify the economy The rising levels of unemployment, the need to diversify the economy (e g. away from
construction, real estate, etc. combined with the population†s latent interest to establish a business GEM, 2006) call for a greater focus on providing opportunities for people to establish their own
i) the very high and increasing levels of general and youth unemployment; ii) the levels of human capital relatively low compared with elsewhere in Spain;
Transiting from unemployment into self employment Description of the approach Germany has suffered from persistently high unemployment rate, as well as low self employment
have received in unemployment benefits for a period of six months plus a lump sum to cover social
percent) and yet experienced persistently high levels of unemployment (between 7-9 percent. To overcome this constraint,
unemployment is concerned, calls for a much greater emphasis on assisting the unemployed into self -employment through training, start-up grants, etc.
Baumgartner, H. J. and Caliendo, M. 2007) Turning Unemployment into Self employment Effectiveness and Efficiency of Two Start-up Programmes, DIW, Discussion Papers 671
This allied to the generous unemployment benefits available as part of the system is also seen as important in encouraging entrepreneurial
downturn and collapse of global demand in many key markets, unemployment has climbed from 3. 6
over the same time span, unemployment decreased at 4. 7%annually, halving the number of the unemployed from 442 000 to 212 000.
unemployment has soared from 11%to 27.2%,only 3. 5%below the 1996 value preceding the †phenomenal decadeâ€
Conversely, unemployment among young adults (aged 16-24) with just a high school diploma stood at stunning 56%at the end of
Self employment has the potential to alleviate unemployment, enhance the long-term income of participants, and positively impact on their career prospects by improving
the problem of high levels of unemployment, especially youth unemployment in Andalusia Entrepreneurship works when new firms are formed,
5. Unemployment and Labour Activation Measures 45â 6. Business Process Outsourcing & Shared Services and the South East
Unemployment currently stands at 18.2 percent, compared with the national average of 14.5 percent. The closure of Talk Talk is a further set back to the
high rates of unemployment in the region D1. Upskilling Coordination  The Up-skilling Coordination Group,
Unemployment levels in the region have increased and at 18.2 percent the South East currently has the highest unemployment rate amongst all of the regions,
unemployment and structural change required in the region, there may be a case for seeking to agree a revised State Aid designation with the EU
5. Unemployment and Labour Activation Measures Regional Unemployment Profile42 Overall, employment in the South East has declined by 37,200 relative to Q2 2008
Unemployment levels in the region have reached 41,600 or a rate of 18.2 percent. Younger age cohorts have been affected by employment declines to a higher extent in the South East
largely mirroring the national trend Unemployment by Educational Attainment Unemployment is concentrated largely amongst those with lower levels of qualifications in
the South East, and this is more acute than the national picture In Q1 2011, those with below third level educational attainment accounted for 85 percent of
unemployment in the South East compared to 78 percent of unemployment in the State. This
indicates a higher concentration of those with relatively low skills in unemployment compared to the national picture,
while, on the other hand, those with third level qualifications in the region seem to be affected less by current adverse labour market conditions
Unemployment by Age Cohort In the South East, those aged under 35 account for 51 percent of total unemployment, even
though this cohort only accounts for 38 percent of the total labour force in the region
indicating a significant over-representation of younger people amongst the unemployment relative to their contribution to the labour market.
with the under 35†s accounting for 54 percent of total unemployment even though they only
given the level of unemployment in the region, as to the basis for the issuing of new work permits in these areas
From a labour market activation perspective, the general trends of unemployment disproportionately affecting younger and lower skilled cohorts generally reflects the trend
Unemployment currently stands at 18.2 percent, compared with the national average of 14.3 percent. The closure of Talk Talk is a further set back to the
impacted by high rates of unemployment is the region D1. Upskilling Coordination  The Up-skilling Coordination Group,
Employment and Unemployment in the South East & the State 2007-2011 State 2007q2â 2008q2â 2009q2â 2010q2â 2011q2â
ï§Rising unemployment and reskilling ï§The †new†unemployed ï§Innovation ï§Supports for SMES
Rising Unemployment and Reskilling The current economic downturn has resulted in a significant increase in unemployment across
the country, primarily within construction, retail/hospitality and manufacturing activities FÃ S and the VECS have the infrastructures in place to address the skills
which unemployment has been increasing and uncertainty have exacerbated fears and a call for action. Many identified the need for a more in depth understanding of the regional skills
Unemployment (Q1 2009) 11.7%10.2%8. 9 %Employment Growth 1998-2008 38%33%22 %GVA per worker (productivity) â 59,774 â 76,799 â 103,104
Unemployment (Q4 2009) 11%10.2%8. 9 %Employment Growth 1998-2008 37%33%22 %GVA per worker (productivity) â 58,922 â 76,799 â 103,104
The skills development and unemployment issues faced by the Midlands region mirror those which are being experienced nationally,
mid 2008-which is now having a significant impact on unemployment levels which at 11.7%(2008) is the highest in the State
Unemployment (Q4 2009) 11.7 10.2%8. 9 %Employment Growth 1998-2008 45%33%22 %GVA per worker (productivity) â 53,216 â 76,799 â 103,104
Unemployment (Q4 2009) 9. 9%10.2%8. 9 %Employment Growth 1998-2008 32%33%22
Unemployment (Q1 2009) 11.4%10.2%8. 9 %Employment Growth 1998-2008 27%33%22 %GVA per worker (productivity) â 66,098 â 76,799 â 103,104
Unemployment (Q4 2009) 11.4%10.2%8. 9 %Employment Growth 1998-2008 40%33%22 %GVA per worker (productivity) â 57,864 â 76,799 â 103,104
However, unemployment has risen sharply over the last twelve months, rising from a rate of 4. 6%at the end of 2007 to almost 9%in early 2009
Unemployment (Q1 2009) 8. 9%9. 2%10.2 %Employment Growth 1998-2008 22%50%33
the impacts in terms of a decline in economic activity and increases in unemployment. The more recent downturn in employment is marked particularly in both the construction and
face unemployment, many are stimulated to develop their own businesses and consider entrepreneurship as a realistic option.
unemployment and the proactive Enterprisestart initiative currently being rolled out regionally by EI in conjunction with the CEBS
unemployment, a focus on building a stronger community spirit throughout the region could have a very positive impact on quality of life in general.
Large scale unemployment makes skill retention and development a daunting task. A number of issues are at play, the resolution
In the context of rising unemployment across a wide range of sectors and professions, the
Addressing the unemployment challenge will remain the key economic priority of the region as a whole for the foreseeable future
unemployment, are investing in the healthcare system and primary education (137th) as well as higher education and training (138th
challenges such as climate change and unemployment. This research project has iden -tified, mapped and engaged communities that are constructing the emerging Digital
-ing unemployment will require innovative solutions that challenge traditional ways of doing things To provide a synthetic overview, we cat
new solutions to reduce unemployment and minimise its corrosive effects on the economy and society.
struggling with youth unemployment or wanting to kick-start local software economies will often pay internship wages or first year salaries for graduates that obtain jobs.
for online registration of new companies or getting the unemployment rights, are not yet fully met
Australia and areas of identified higher levels of youth unemployment or disengagement TPO00007 An action plan for a stronger Australia
and keep unemployment levels low •Access to public and private infrastructure that facilitates the movement of people
in an area with access to industry but high youth unemployment Proposal 10: Improving the Vocational education and Training system
where youth unemployment is high. Approved employers will be able to engage a training provider of their choice
substantial unemployment with an unemployment rate of nearly 9%.At the same time the industry is unable to fill vacant positions with skilled labour.
unemployment in certain sections of the society. According to some preliminary calculations the shortage of skilled (technical) labour, primarily of engineers and scientists
and unemployment, including chronic unemployment, have been implemented in many countries. New enterprises can procure a range of benefits that contribute to local
local level include demographics, unemployment, wealth the educational and occupational profile of the workforce the prevalence of other small firms and infrastructure
maintaining higher wages at the cost of higher unemployment versus favoring higher levels of employment
high unemployment, and low demand and high public deficits. And innovation is seen thus a key to restart
unemployment or causing long term damage to innovation capacity and the long-term growth potential In most OECD countries, the response to the crisis and to the slowdown in productivity growth has
specialisation focus on social policies such as unemployment and increased worker (retraining, smart specialisation arguably offers an opportunity to foster a dynamic economic process that accelerates
e g. in social security and unemployment. Decentralisation has increased also the powers of the provinces, most importantly in regional-economic policy, nature management and spatial planning
With low unemployment even in the current crisis, a relatively large group of baby boomers retiring and a limited mobility/willingness to travel,
and unemployment, gives rise to some economists assuming that structural changes in which knowledge plays an important
speeding up too quickly and purportedly leading to unemployment. 1 The main problems with this view are that productivity is clearly not speeding up,
impact on either unemployment or workforce growth. 1 Reality, as usual, will probably sit somewhere comfortably between these two
restructure work through ICT that might lead to some layoffs. Yet it is only by pursuing
Therefore, unemployment will be decreased and production will be increased 3. Benefits from the EU 16 17 3. 1. 2 Using Existing Tools
of unemployment, Gross Value Added (GVA) which is below the national average and low numbers
-economic well-being, forecast unemployment and analyse societal ties. Big data from the ICT industry play a particularly important
Polgreen, 2014), predict unemployment claims in the United states (Choi and Varian, 2009) and Germany (Askitas and Zimmermann, 2009), and
Askitas, N. and Zimmermann, K. F. 2009), Google econometrics and unemployment forecasting. Retrieved from http://ftp. iza. org/dp4201. pdf
Choi, H. and Varian, H. 2009), Predicting initial claims for unemployment benefits. Retrieved from http://static. googleusercontent. com/media/research. google. com/en//archive/papers/initialclaimsus. pdf
Unemployment & Poverty Romania should enhance the quality of active labor market policies, employment information availability, enhance
With unemployment hovering around 7%in Romania, public libraries are an invaluable resource to job seekers ï Internet access In public Libraries Supports Agriculture, Romania†s Primary Job Sector
Unemployment rate1, by groups of ages, sexes and environments %2009 2010 2011 2012 Total 6, 9 7, 3 7, 4 7, 0
challenges such as climate change and unemployment. This research project has iden -tified, mapped and engaged communities that are constructing the emerging Digital
-ing unemployment will require innovative solutions that challenge traditional ways of doing things To provide a synthetic overview, we cat
new solutions to reduce unemployment and minimise its corrosive effects on the economy and society.
Youth unemployment & Innovation & Data analysis...90 CHAPTER III OPEN INNOVATION 2. 0 IN A REAL-WORLD SETTING...
Carrol interlinks existing youth unemployment solutions with modern approach of using data (and especially big data) as driver for future growth
comes to coping with the unemployment challenge Open data and open platforms create a strong raw material basis for new enterprises and young
-tion, climate change, youth unemployment, finan -cial stability, prosperity, sustainability, and growth These challenges provide a significant opportunity
Unemployment fell to around 5%in 2010 As a result of an improved economy, the government expected to return to budget surpluses as early as
Its unemployment rate was affected not by the crisis too much and remained around 5%all through the reported
Rudd says boom over as unemployment nears financial crisis levels, Nasdaq, Dow jones Business News Retrieved on July 14, 2013 from http://www. nasdaq. com
/article/rudd-says-boom-over-as-unemployment-nears -financial-crisis-levels-20130711-00043 19) Lin, C. Y. Y.,Edvinsson, L. 2013) National Intellectual
Youth unemployment & Innovation & Data analysis *Abstract The economic downturn hit young people especially hard, limiting their opportunities to success. High
unemployment, job insecurity, strong competition and a rapidly changing environment requires a new approach that ensures our youth competitiveness
happens if we mix youth unemployment with one of the existing capacity in Europe such as the enor
Youth unemployment & Innovation & Data analysis *Chapter III Open Innovation 2. 0 inâ aâ Real-world Setting
H200709 12-10-2007 Does Self employment Reduce Unemployment H200708 10-9-2007 Social security arrangements and early-stage entrepreneurial
Unemployment; Educational disadvantage; Rural poverty; Poverty in disadvantaged urban areas; Child poverty; Women†s poverty; Health and
in increasing levels of unemployment and the number of unemployed stands at 36,100 or 15.1%(Q3nhs, July
The Southeast Region has the highest rate of unemployment in the country at 15.1%(CSO, QNHS Q3, 2009
serious impact on the lives of nearly all families as unemployment has grown and wages or working hours have
-Changes in unemployment and participation rates relative to national averages -Changes in average household incomes relative to national averages
youth unemployment above 20%.%Youth need access to education, resources and structures to turn ideas into
and diversifying population, youth unemployment sustainable cities and global challenges †climate change environmental degradation and poverty.
protection and unemployment •Finance social innovation funds, like the new US fund (see opposite) 3 through a new partnership
youth unemployment is a major issue of concern in Europe, up to 25%in many countries. Youth must become engaged in
•Youth unemployment much higher than the national average •Productivity similar to the national average excepting
â High unemployment â Unbalanced productive structure and consequent inertia â Extra-costs for essential infraestructures and services (eg.
cent in Q2 2013 with total unemployment having almost tripled 2 since 2007 Ireland was subject to a macroeconomic adjustment programme until December 2013
2 Unemployment rose from 4. 5 per cent in Q4 2007 to 12.8 per cent in Q4 2013.
cent in Q2 2013 with total unemployment having almost tripled 2 since 2007 Ireland was subject to a macroeconomic adjustment programme until December 2013
2 Unemployment rose from 4. 5 per cent in Q4 2007 to 12.8 per cent in Q4 2013.
Economic activity (Participation) and Unemployment by Level of Educational Attainment -West Region (2009)..23 Figure 9:
levels despite increases in productivity and low rates of unemployment. As is the case in Romania as a
Economic activity (Participation) and Unemployment by Level of Educational Attainment-West Region 2009 Source: Calculations based on data from INS:
The result is high levels of structural unemployment (and low participation rates) and skills mismatches at all levels of the labor force.
unemployment, transportation or environment. Another exemple is e-education that represents an alternative to the traditional learning method,
Due to the important rates of growth of our economy, the rate of unemployment in Castilla y Leã n, was been
During the same period, unemployment of youth population increased from 17.43%to 38.54%in Castilla y Leã n
creation challenge of high unemployment. In the short to medium term there is a real opportunity for governments to use policies for entrepreneurship and SME innovation to
time many address problems of unemployment and the social problems of poor neighbourhoods. This is of great relevance in the current post-crisis context in which
or youth unemployment or environmental sustainability, are other examples of the different levels at which social innovation can be achieved
bring innovative solutions to problems such as social exclusion and unemployment through the production of goods and services.
Unemployment is acute among young people. Over one in two people aged 15†24 are out of work in Spain and Greece
in France and the UK, youth unemployment is well over 20%(OECD March 2012 There is empirical evidence
high levels of dereliction, unemployment, welfare dependency, child poverty, crime and general deprivation. Social innovation, based on solidarity and reciprocity, is an
OECD. 2012. http://www. oecd-ilibrary. org/employment/youth unemployment-rate Oeij, P. R. A j. Klein Hesselink,
From its establishment in June 2011, the former Joint Committee on Jobs, Social Protection and Education identified unemployment in general, long term unemployment and youth unemployment as key priority issues that were fundamentally important in national efforts
which has suffered disproportionately from unemployment over the years. The strategy set out in this report is intended to complement the Southeast Region Employment Action Plan published by Forfã¡
and the lessons learned will provide a useful blueprint for tackling unemployment throughout the rest of the country
The region faces many challenges including high unemployment, low educational attainment levels and social disadvantage.
whose members agreed in October 2012 that the unemployment crisis in the Southeast Region merits particular attention.
The Committee appointed Special Rapporteur, Senator David Cullinane, who originally raised the issue of the region†s disproportionately high level of unemployment,
The recent figures for unemployment in the Southeast (Q1 2013) published by the CSO in the Quarterly National Household Survey highlight that
while at national level the unemployment figure was 13.7, %the figure for the Southeast was 18.4%footnoteref:
The unemployment figures for the region†s Gateway City of Waterford from Census 2011 are 25.08
In Q1 2011, those with below third level educational attainment accounted for 85%of unemployment in the Southeast compared to 78%in the State footnoteref:
Those aged under 35 account for 51%of total unemployment while representing only 38%of the Labour force in the region
The table above indicates that unemployment in the Southeast is higher than the State average,
The main unemployment statistics are from the Quarterly National Household Survey (QNHS By Q1 of 2013, the Southeast region had the highest regional unemployment rate†18.4%.
%This compares to a rate of 13.7%in the State as a whole Table 4. Labour force and Employment in the Southeast-Q1/2013
In Q1 2011, those with below third level educational attainment accounted for 85%of unemployment in the Southeast compared to 78%in the State
It also has a higher rate of unemployment (19%)than the national average (15%)and a higher rate of underemployment amongst under 25s than the national average. footnoteref:
%and Midlands (unemployment 16.9%).%)These areas consist of approximately 50%of the population of the State
In drawing up this Map, economic data such as unemployment and Gross domestic product for all counties will be analysed afresh
It is vital that the current high levels of unemployment in the Southeast are reflected, acknowledged and acted upon
Since 2008, Ireland has seen a marked decline in its business environment, reflected in the number of layoffs and the collapse in private sector investment in the economy.
and create jobs to alleviate the unemployment crisis and ensure our manufacturers retain a competitive advantage in the future
CCJ is a movement of ordinary people across the country determined to do something positive about the twin evils of unemployment and youth emigration
and widespread unemployment, there are currently 12,670 cooperative societies with over 9. 3 million members (around 23%of the population
but †rationalising†staff numbers, the consequence has been growing unemployment. This has hit rural areas in the region in particular
Cooperatives provide an alternative to the classic programmes of Government designed to combat unemployment, which are producing poor results as unemployment keeps rising
Typically cooperatives place more emphasis on job security for employee members; they pay competitive wages, promote additional income through profit-sharing, distribution of dividends and other benefits,
The QNHS only provides an aggregate measure of unemployment for the economy as a whole and does not measure unemployment in each economic sector
While some unemployed workers have left the labour force due to emigration or early retirement, for example, DKM suggests it is likely that the majority are being counted as unemployed
There are no separate data published for unemployment in construction but with construction accounting for 57%of all job losses,
-Focus on tackling the high levels of unemployment, particularly amongst the youth population -Facilitate the provision of effective and efficient collaboration and †joined-upâ€
is unemployment. The figures for youth unemployment are even more devastating 59.2%and 54.3%,in those two countries
respectively At the same time, digitisation created six million jobs globally in 2011, despite the economic downturn, as ICT is widely
impact on youth unemployment â€oethe real issue is that there are going to be skill gaps. There are people out of
out of unemployment and into work, †Higgins told Euractiv in an interview Afke Schaart, senior director for EU
now have huge youth unemployment there is not quite yet a perfect match between skills and workforce. â€
unemployment and remain competitive at a global level, experts warn As researchers from the Belgian
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