Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Report on High-Expectationentrepreneurship, London Business School/Mazars/Babson 3 Bhide A. 2000.
much of my back when I left to Yogyakarta or set behind my computer. Finally I acknowledge all respondents
comparable to innovations in the furniture, software and bamboo industry in Indonesia (Brata 2009, Greenhuizen and Indarti 2005, Indarti 2010.
Displays and designs and exhibitions improved a lot. In the past, the things I liked were made always by westerners.
Other (computer training, etc) 12 12 IHS Working Paper 27.2013. Innovation in SMES. The case of home accessories in Yogyakarta, Indonesia 24
specialized hubs in the bangalore software industry Chen, J.,Y. Chen, and W. Vanhaverbeke. 2011.
software-small-and medium-sized enterprises in indonesia. University Library Groningen Ismalina, P. 2011. An integrated analysis of socioeconomic structures and actors in indonesian industrial clusters:
panels: chemical industry Product stewardship guidance: SCJ External advisory board: Dow Technology review bodies Dupont Novartis
software. Current developments in stem -cell research represent one area in which the rules are quickly being made by
computer operating systems in the software industry Businesses within the pharmaceutical industry are looking to different models
for addressing human needs in developed as well as developing countries. They are discovering that patents while properly granted under
companies in for example, the software and multi -media sectors, as well as in many other sectors which
software, nanotechnology, and advanced or new materials c) export-promotion programmes; and d) R&d funds to promote the commercialization of
software, and new materials), but also play an increasingly important role as innovation agents Evidence from a number of OECD countries shows
continue to deliver its core role for a thriving European economy †in a user-oriented, safe and environmentally-friendly way
and businesses is at the core of the European transport policy Today, transport policy is at a crossroads.
>improve interoperability of computer applications used by different stakeholders >develop a standard framework for freight information
Running on aâ PC, the model can be used to simulate different road, track, driver and tyre combinations
More tests investigated in-situ sensing to monitor the bearing capacity of roads under different weather
Monitor Integrated Safety Systems The objective of MISS was to enhance the safety and efficiency of transport operations through dynamic sensing
equipped with fixed and mobile devices, and linked via aâ TETRA terrestrial trunked radio network with †black boxâ€
real-time data to aâ central server, where it can be analysed byâ sophisticated prediction and decision-making models
conjunction with smaller amounts of roadside hardware would allow coverage to be extended at much lower cost in
signs, variable message panels and traffic light status †displayed in their vehicles. New V2v interfaces would also
The vision of motorway commuters joining aâ platoon and watching aâ DVD or working on office
Outlook and Strategic Plan to 2015 Forfã¡s July 2013 Annual Report 2012 Forfã¡s
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2012 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor July 2013 Annual Employment Survey Forfã¡s July 2013
Ireland†s Competitiveness Performance 2013 Forfã¡s May 2013 Making It In Ireland: Manufacturing 2020
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2011 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor September 2012 Annual Employment Survey 2011 Forfã¡
s August 2012 National Skills Bulletin 2012 NCC July 2012 Monitoring Ireland†s Skills Supply †Trends in Education and Training Outputs
, software. The lion†s share of productivity growth for almost all nations, especially larger ones, however, comes
equipment, and software. Indeed, new growth economics accounting suggests that the lion†s share of productivity stems from the use of more and better â€oetools. †30
Internet, although that itself drives growth. 31 They include hardware, software applications and telecommunications networks, and increasingly tools that incorporate all three
components in them, such as computer-aided manufacturing systems and self-service kiosks These tools and can be used in the internal operations of organizations (business
capital, only computers, communications equipment, and software are associated positively with multi-factor productivity. 44 Hitt and Tambe find that the spillovers from IT nearly
double the impact of IT investments. 45 Rincon, Vecchi, and Venturini confirm the GPT nature of ICTS through an exhaustive industry-level study of both productivity benefits
mobile commerce, improved self-serve kiosks, 3d printing, location awareness, and machine learning THE IMPACT OF ICT ON EUROPEAN PRODUCTIVITY
On a firm level, the benefits of Internet and computer use for productivity are also well
which requires search engines to delete certain links based on individual requests, is likely to raise compliance costs significantly.
firms in terms of outsourcing and offshoring core business functions. 115 Again, such rules reduce the return on investment from ICT purchases,
found that for Apple†s ipad, on average 14 percent of the purchase price went to taxes, but
marginal costs but higher fixed costs. 130 To be sure, the increased provision of software through cloud-based services may change that somewhat,
â€oefirms do not simply plug in computers or telecommunications equipment and achieve service quality or efficiency
gains. Instead they go through a process of organizational redesign and make substantial changes to their service or output mix. †139 Polling of business executives around the world
reorganize itself around its core competencies. 141 These organizational effects of ICT end up facilitating more significant productivity gains than firms would achieve simply by
With the great success of some of the world ICT leaders, such as Apple, Google, Intel, and
14 percent on digital cameras, multi-function printers, set-top boxes, and liquid crystal display (LCD) computer monitors. 159 The intent was to boost the production of these
high-value products in Europe, but the impact would have also been to limit ICT
Any government policy that makes computers more expensive will discourage use and reduce the possible benefits of IT.
when servers are not located domestically (although the Norwegian decision was rescinded). 183 There has been talk as well by European leaders of building a â€oeeuropean network†for
search engines be removed. 187 Such a rule might sound good in theory, but in practice it could prove quite difficult for compliance and enforcement.
††International Productivity Monitor 25 (2013: 37†40 43. S. Gilchrist, V. Gurbaxani, and R. Town, â€oeproductivity and the PC Revolution†(working paper, Center
for Research on Information technology and Organizations, 2001; Robert K. Plice and Kenneth L Kraemer, â€oemeasuring Payoffs from Information-technology Investments:
through Creative Destruction, †International Productivity Monitor 20, no. 10 (2010: 68†84 57. Among others, see:
Productivity Growth Since 2000 and Future Prospects, †International Productivity Monitor 25 (2013 65†83
and safety gains by using computers to automate existing manual processes. For example, computerised ordering systems largely sub
and computer systems in parallel. 8, 9 Workarounds abound, the potential streamlining of work processes is hard to realise, and staff
and computer systems that introduce new patient risks, staff frustration, and outcomes below expectation •The focus must shift from automation of clinical work to
requiring more elegant machines and software, according to the technophiles†arguments. Nor is it mostly a behavioural problem
http://www. zdnet. com. au/news/software/soa/E-Health-Australia-s-5bn-black -hole/0, 130061733,339293816, 00. htm?
ZDNET Australia 15 dec 2008. http://www. zdnet. com. au/news/software/soa/E-Health-Australia-s-5bn-black-hole/0, 130061733,339293816
%Computer, electronic and optical products 28 2. 1 %Nanotechnology and engineering 26 2. 0 %Grand total 805 61.6
%Computer, electronic and optical products 23 1. 8 %Grand total 742 56.8 %Table 6: Most common priorities within the sub-category of †EU-objectivesâ€
Computer, electronic and optical products Electrical equipment Food, beverage and tobacco products Furniture Handicrafts Machinery and equipment n e c
Printing and reproduction of recorded media Repair and installation of machinery and equipment Rubber and plastic products
It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa. eu /How to obtain EU publications
mean, and to what extent must they be reflected in the core network We would propose that the DAE objectives should be interpreted such that networks
mean, and to what extent must they be reflected in the core network â We would propose that the DAE objectives should be interpreted such that
last mile) and the core networks that connect those access networks to one another and to the world.
The policy implications for broadband access networks and for the core networks that support them at national and European level include
users (due, for example, to smaller screen size. There are surely limitations on the ability of wireless solutions alone to meet DAE objectives in dense population
7. 18 in the OECD Communications Outlook 2011, multiplied by the estimated subscribers by access type.
however, this ignores the second life of copper. The second life of copper entails the use of new technologies,
including vectoring (based on advanced noise cancellation), pair bonding (which relies on a second copper pair being available
Screen Digest (2010), WIK calculations Content 80-100 %60-80 %40-60 %20-40 %0-20
Screen Digest (2011 Meanwhile, the â€oegap†between cable coverage and cable broadband penetration represents a significant opportunity for Europe and for the industry
Screen Digest (2011), WIK calculations 99 2 97 3 92 2 88 8 88 8
and servers for providing a range of services. 60 Where there are multiple headends, they are linked typically via supra
Server Farms NOC Router 52 Rethinking the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System.
moreover at its core in the belief, or at least the hope, that increasing competition would in time obviate the
Screen Digest (2010: European Broadband Cable 2010, August Screen Digest (2011: European Broadband Cable 2011, August
Thompson, H. and C. Garbacz (2008: Broadband impacts on State GDP: Direct and indirect impacts, paper presented at the International Telecommunications Society 17th Biennial Con
It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa. eu /JRC83502 EUR 26601 EN ISBN 978-92-79-37793-8 (pdf
for online surveys. 9 1ka is an open source online survey application, developed by researchers at
which lie at the core of ICT-ELI require content and curricula that are customised open,
order to facilitate the innovative teaching and learning practices that lie at the core of ICT-ELI.
"Innovative pedagogical practices made possible by the use of ICT lie at the core of learning
wide-ranging connectedness lies at the core of ICT-ELI with significant scale and/or impact
records than computer use to collect health data. This may be due to the use of fax
These include adoption of open source, standards-based software platforms and data exchange standards to make efficient use of existing resources.
This trend will continue as improvements are made in computer hardware, software, and telecommunication infrastructure and as countries develop the skills necessary to implement electronic
The Capability Maturity Model (CMM)( 4) was defined originally for software development by Carnegie Mellon University and is useful for assessing health information systems.
and control of an organization†s software processes are believed to improve as the organization moves up these five levels
workstations at the point of care in Malawi. They designed and built an innovative hardware and software
system using touch screen clinical workstations which collected individual patient information, analysed the data and presented information on national protocols.
They demonstrated that the system could efficiently and accurately guide low-skilled health care workers through the diagnosis and treatment of
They used free open-source software for the project which enabled them to enlist the support of a large community.
enterprise and also in the form of free open source software systems which are supported by nonprofit -making organizations and private enterprises.
Open source systems have advantages of local sustainable community development and support and lower cost by building on a proven software foundation (19
Improvements in quality have been demonstrated by increased adherence to guideline-based care enhanced surveillance and monitoring,
Several core aspects of ehealth implementation are crucial. The first is need the to ensure that data
Therefore training (e g. computer literacy, program usage) and human resources development are critical components within systems, and must be addressed
complex which means that computer software designed for this purpose must reflect its complexity Capturing and using individual patient information electronically also requires installation of computer
equipment at or close to the point of care. In addition to the cost of the computer hardware and software
EMR/EHR systems require substantial resources including electricity, a controlled environment, training maintenance and support
Data are entered into a computer (often from paper) from where they can be analysed and retrieved •Computerized data and electronic communication:
aggregation can be done automatically by a computer counting the incidents of interest over a given time period †this might provide early evidence of emerging (or
Aggregate patient data provide the core data on which regions or districts depend to properly perform
an emerging term for medical and public health practice supported by mobile devices such as mobile phones, patient monitoring devices, personal digital assistants (PDAS
and other wireless devices. mhealth applications include the use of mobile devices in collecting community and clinical health data, delivery of health care information to
Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative7 is engaged an organization in the development of interoperable
metadata standards, architecture, and modelling. Metadata is information that describes the source characteristics, and environment of data.
software and therefore widely recognized Indicator Exchange Format (IXF The IXF is a reporting format that was developed for purposes of HIV/AIDS monitoring and evaluation.
was adopted by UNAIDS for use by the Country Response Information system (CRIS) software (32 It was a precursor to the SDMX-HD format,
may not have realized that the CRIS software uses IXF and therefore underreported IXF use Medical record standards
systematically organized to be processed by computer. It provides a terminology that is optimized to index, store,
local to the software application. Clinics and hospitals often have an identifier that is used throughout a
be received by a computer program which will understand its meaning. HL7 is the most commonly used
Health software applications often use a proprietary or ad hoc messaging format that must be customized to be understood by both sender and receiver.
require more complex software and training  High-income countries have transitioned to the point where there is today a higher use of
The use of free open-source software to develop sustainable health informatics capacity may leverage the investment in developing such systems.
Free open source software is particularly a boon to countries with financial constraints The survey demonstrates that the greatest barrier to adoption of patient information systems is the
Free open-source software enables the development of sustainable local human resources for the implementation and maintenance of health information systems by drawing on a
United states Department for Health and human services (http://healthit. hhs. gov/portal/server. pt /community/electronic medical records/1219/home/15591, accessed 29 march 2012
Touchscreen clinical workstations at the point of care: guiding protocols and managing data in Malawi.
Using touchscreen electronic medical record systems to support and monitor national scale up of antiretroviral therapy in Malawi.
Weerawarana S, Weeratunga J. Open source in developing countries. Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, 2004,(http://www. eldis. org/fulltext/opensource. pdf, accessed 1 june 2012
Inpatient computer-based standing orders vs physician reminders to increase influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rates: a randomized trial.
Data exchange with the country response information system and UN AGENCY software. A step by step guide. Geneva, UNAIDS, 2006 (http://data. unaids. org/pub/Basedocument/2007/cris de web final
into a computer for execution CCD The Continuity of Care Document is a HL7 CDA compliant implementation of the CCR
This centralized repository of information describes the characteristics of data used to design, monitor document, protect,
and control data in information systems and databases; it can also refer to an application of data dictionary systems
Includes the computers, software, data-capture devices, wireless communication devices, and local and wide area networks that move information,
Standards for information exchange that are freely available without restriction, e g. open source software (also referred to as free and open-source software.
The user has the freedom to •run the program for any purpose (freedom 0
response to the ehealth resolution, the Global Observatory for ehealth (GOE) was established to monitor and analyse the evolution of ehealth in countries
Identify the diverse ways mobile devices are being used for health around the world and the effectiveness of these approaches
and can be exported as a Microsoft excel file for further analysis using other statistical software This is the first time that Datacol has been used as the primary method of implementing an online survey
of over 40 pages of text and questions. Significant preparation and testing was required to ensure that
Data were exported from Datacol in Microsoft excel format and the data analysis was performed using R statistical programming language. 14
Regarding SMES, the European commission monitors progress in the fields of research and development and innovation, resource-efficiency and employment in
You can find a search engine of NCPS by visiting FP7 support webpage http://cordis. europa. eu/fp7/get-support en. html
Cluster development involves identifying the Region†s core competence and putting formal structures in place to maximise the potential of that competence.
as a European TEN-T Core port. The ports of the Estuary are the third largest in Ireland by tonnage.
Software & Services 38 7 2 2 8 57 Industrial & Life sciences 12 2 1 4 7 26
identifying the Region†s core competences and putting formal structures in place to maximise the potential of those competences
A cluster must be based around the core competencies of the region. This is a critical element of their successful development.
•Industry/businesses †are at the core of every cluster •Public bodies/government agencies †make policy decisions
the core regional competence •To secure public funding to engage a Cluster Facilitator to identify regional opportunities for
•ICT including Software •Logistics and Supply Chain Management •Food Sector & Agribusiness
Its core feature is the ICT Development Index (IDI), which ranks countries†performance with regard to ICT infrastructure, use and skills.
desktop publishing was carried out by Nathalie Delmas, and the cover was designed by Jesus Vicente Administrative support was provided by Herawasih Yasandikusuma
2. 4 Proportion of households with a computer and proportion of households with Internet access, 2012-2013, Qatar...
4. 16 Comparison of postpaid fixed-broadband and postpaid computer-based mobile-broadband prices, in USD, by region, 2013.130
4. 2 Panel regression models for fixed-broadband and mobile-cellular prices...158 5. 1 How big data saves energy †Vestas Wind Systems improves turbine performance...
4. 7 Mobile-broadband prices, postpaid computer-based 1 GB, 2013.136 4. 8 Mobile-broadband prices, prepaid computer-based 1 GB, 2013.138
4. 9 Fixed-broadband prices as a percentage of household disposable income, selected countries, 2013.144 4. 10 Fixed-broadband prices as a percentage of household consumption expenditure
4. 13 Panel regression results, fixed-broadband prices and regulation...160 4. 14 Panel regression results, mobile-cellular prices and regulation...
163 4. 15 ICT Price Basket and sub-baskets, 2013.166 5. 1 Sources of big data...
displays the lowest growth in fixed broadband estimated at 2. 5 per cent and reaching a
smartphone, tablet) and SIM CARDS Looking towards the future, the growth potential for mobile broadband looks promising, as
Google remains the leading search engine in most countries, and accounts for around 90 per cent of the search market. 16 The number of
reducing expenses associated with the printing and distribution of textbooks. The benefits are particularly attractive for remote schools, where
partnership with the One Laptop per Child OLCP) project. Similarly, in Chile, the Enlaces initiative, which partners with the private sector
and the country†s more recent One Tablet per Child (OTPC) initiative has helped increase the
learner-to-computer ratio in schools Internet connectivity in schools also depends on the development of the national
some cases, computers have been introduced in schools without Internet access, which effectively Chart 1. 23: Proportion of ICT-qualified teachers versus proportion of teachers trained to teach subjects
Proportion of teachers trained to teach basic computer skills (or computing %P ro p o
computer skills or computing (i e. ICT-qualified teachers)( Chart 1. 23. In most of the countries
High-level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post -2015 Development Agenda published in 2013 see Box 1. 4 on the data revolution.
Its core list of 57 ICT indicators, covering many aspects of the information society and economy, is used widely by countries in the course
the Internet or a computer are now being collected by more than 100 economies worldwide, and data on Internet use in
a set of measurable targets that would help monitor and track progress towards achieving those goals over the next five years
The report of the High-level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda to the UN Secretary-general
existing ICT statistics to better monitor information-society developments •Which type of data from ICT companies
IMF World Economic Outlook Database, April 2014 12 Source: The Economist, April 12 2014, â€oenigeria†s GDP step changeâ€
benchmark measure that serves to monitor and compare developments in information and communication technology (ICT) across
households with a computer, and households with Internet access •Use sub-index: This sub-index captures ICT
The definitions of the following core indicators of the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development included in the IDI were revised at
•Percentage of households with a computer The definition of computer was revised to include tablet or similar handheld
computers in addition to desktop and laptop computers, so as to reflect the uptake of these devices •The definition of household access was
refined so that, in order for a household to have access to ICT equipment or services the equipment/service should generally
be available for use by all members of the household at any time, regardless of
whether it is used actually. ICT equipment may or may not be owned by the household. 5 Apart from the revisions to indicator definitions
households with a computer (updating the definition of computer to include tablet and similar handheld computers †but
excluding smartphones •Differences among countries included in the IDI. The calculation of the IDI ranking
Chapter 2. The ICT Development Index (IDI 40 ICT access Reference value %1. Fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
4. Percentage of households with a computer 5. Percentage of households with Internet access 60 120
also displays the widest range and the lowest average value (3. 19. The minimum value is
computer skills (compared to the EU average of 67 per cent) and 42 per cent of the population
have â€oehigh†computer skills. 7 In 2010, the digital economy accounted for more than 5. 8 per cent
access and households with a computer by end 2013. Next-generation access, providing speeds of at least 30 Mbit/s, was available to 73 per
of 81 per cent of households have a computer International Internet bandwidth is relatively low
households with a computer and households with Internet) of at least 88 per cent. Iceland and
households with a computer, at 97 and 95 per cent, respectively. 15 In Luxembourg and Norway
Internet and 82 per cent with a computer. Both fixed-broadband (31 per cent) and wireless
of households with a computer †from 33 per cent in 2012 to close to 40 per cent in 2013
of households with a computer at 97 per cent in 2013 (see Chart 2. 4). A report by ICTQATAR
phones and laptops increased significantly within the country†s mainstream population. 32 The report also highlights discrepancies in ICT
newer devices such as smartphones and tablets particularly in specific demographic segments like the transient labour population†is one of the
a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions
a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions
a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions
a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions
a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions
a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions
a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions
a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions
a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions
a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions
a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions
a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions
One of the core projects of the Qatar National Broadband Network is the deployment of a fibre-optic network
computer and proportion of households with Internet access, 2012-2013, Qatar Source: ITU World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database
computer Household with Internet access 2012 2013 P e r 1 0 0 h o
a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions
a computer Households with Internet Fixed-telephone subscriptions Internet usersfixed-broadband subscriptions Active mobile -subscriptions
have a computer. Basic voice services are more widely available although LCCS like Eritrea (6 per cent), Myanmar (13 per cent) and
os s lo ca liti es a nd r eg io ns a nd m
os o f g ir ls to b oy s in p ri m ar
os e w ho n ee d it 6 5 P ro po rti on
os is 6 9b P re va le nc e ra te s as so
os is 6 9c D ea th ra te s as so ci at ed
os is 6 10 a P ro po rti on o f t ub er
basic sanitation†also displays a significant Chapter 2. The ICT Development Index (IDI 74 Box 2. 4:
workers†mobile devices shows malaria volunteers where to find patients and the status of their treatment,
15 Qatar (ranked 34th) has 97 per cent of households with a computer by end 2013
Europe displays by far the highest average IDI value of 7. 14. The regional IDI values of the CIS (5. 33), The americas (4. 86
with a computer. The remaining GCC states all reach high household ICT penetration rates of
households with a computer as a result of the National PC Initiative. Through this initiative eligible families (those benefiting from the
social welfare programme with at least one child enrolled in primary school, secondary school or higher education studies) in Oman
are offered one free computer per student Furthermore, Omantel provides discounted broadband Internet offers for eligible
of households had a computer. Data from the annual ICT household survey show that, since
2008, computers have replaced telephones as the most commonly available ICT device in Thai homes. Furthermore, the majority of households
households with a computer in the region by end 2013, at 67 per cent and 70 per cent, respectively
and a computer. Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan display a very low ICT household penetration, with less than 10 per cent of households in the country
with a computer. In the majority of countries in Europe (25 out of 40), 70 per cent of households
of households have a computer. Albania ranks last in the region also in terms of household ICT
a computer and 24.5 per cent with Internet access by end 2013. Among the countries that made the
os U ru gu ay St K itt s an d N ev is Co
computer. Household Internet access remains very low in the LCC Cuba (3 per cent), as well as in Guatemala and Nicaragua, where around 9 per
display relatively high levels of more than 20 per cent penetration by end 2013. Uruguay registered the highest absolute increase from
with a computer did not have Internet in 2013 because they considered it too expensive or
os Pe ru Ec ua do r D om in ic an R ep G
such as tablets, Mifi dongles, Blackberry, etc Some operators, like for instance Rogers in Canada and Verizon in the United states, are
Computer-based Prepaid Postpaid Prepaid Postpaid Chapter 4. ICT prices and the role of competition
The global average price for a computer-based mobile-broadband service with 1 GB monthly
computer-based mobile-broadband plans cost 37 per cent less than the corresponding prepaid plans in PPP terms.
prepaid and postpaid computer-based mobile -broadband plans are marked less in developing countries, suggesting that operators differentiate
compared with computer-based plans because the monthly data allowance was half as large Nevertheless, the reduction in price was not
computer-based mobile-broadband services the prices for postpaid and prepaid handset -based mobile-broadband plans were similar
computer-based 1gb Prepaid computer-based 1gb developing developed 160 2012 Postpaid 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012
Chart 4. 12: Mobile-broadband prices, in PPP$, world and by level of development, 2013
Postpaid computer -based (1gb Prepaid computer -based (1gb PPP$ Developing Developed World Chapter 4. ICT prices and the role of competition
128 common in developing countries, where fewer than one in ten countries have bundled offers as
Computer-based services with a monthly allowance of 1 GB are about six times more affordable in developed countries, on average
price for a computer-based mobile-broadband service with 1 GB monthly data allowance corresponded to more than 20 per cent of GNI
Postpaid computer -based (1gb Prepaid computer -based (1gb USD Developing Developed World Chart 4. 14:
Mobile-broadband prices as a percentage of GNI p. c.,world and by level of development, 2013
Postpaid computer -based (1gb Prepaid computer -based (1gb %GNI p. c 129 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014
in the region, particularly when compared to the lower prices in other regions. Indeed, it is
slightly above that value in the case of computer -Chart 4. 15: Mobile-broadband prices as a percentage of
Postpaid computer -based (1gb Prepaid computer -based (1gb %GNI p. c Africa Asia & Pacific
The americas Arab States CIS Europe based mobile-broadband services. The americas region also has average prices corresponding to
computer-based plans being the only ones clearly above that threshold. Country data for The americas reveal that there are a number of
countries which have high prepaid computer -based prices because minimum packages include a monthly data allowance much larger
is the base offer for regular computer-based mobile-broadband customers Average prices for computer-based mobile
-broadband plans with a monthly data allowance of 1 GB suggest that mobile broadband could be
Comparison of postpaid fixed-broadband and postpaid computer-based mobile-broadband prices, in USD, by region, 2013
fixed-broadband and postpaid computer-based mobile-broadband plans with a 1 GB monthly allowance.
are based computer and include a monthly data allowance of at least 1 GB. Although the minimum data allowance is the same, in practice
data use (Table 4. 4), whereas most computer -based mobile-broadband plans with a minimum
for a computer-based mobile-broadband plan In other African countries, mobile broadband may be a more affordable alternative to fixed
region for 1 GB postpaid computer-based plans In many countries in Asia and the Pacific, there
Mobile-broadband prices, postpaid computer-based 1 GB, 2013 Rank Economy Mobile-broadband postpaid computer-based (1 GB
GNI p. c USD 2013 *Monthly data allowance (MB as%of GNI p. c. USD PPP$
Mobile-broadband prices, postpaid computer-based 1 GB, 2013 (continued Note:**Data correspond to the GNI per capita (Atlas method) in 2013
postpaid computer-based (1 GB GNI p. c USD 2013 *Monthly data allowance (MB as%of
Mobile-broadband prices, prepaid computer-based 1 GB, 2013 Rank Economy Mobile-broadband prepaid computer-based (1 GB
GNI p. c USD 2013 *Monthly data allowance (MB as%of GNI p. c. USD PPP$
Mobile-broadband prices, prepaid computer-based 1 GB, 2013 (continued Note:**Data correspond to the GNI per capita (Atlas method) in 2013
prepaid computer-based (1 GB GNI p. c USD 2013 *Monthly data allowance (MB as%of
level playing field and monitor the liberalized electronic communication markets (ITU, 2013b Regulators have thus become the custodians of
based on panel data regression. This enables us to go beyond descriptive statistics and draw some robust conclusions on the link between
econometric modelling using panel regressions for up to 144 countries based on data for the five-year period from 2008 to 2013
Panel data regression is a statistical technique which is used to assess how variations in a set
Panel regressions minimize problems of omitted variable bias (the omission of important variables) and multicollinearity
In addition, panel regressions have the advantage of discounting known and unknown region fixed effects. These are structural
competition and regulation metrics, using panel regressions with fixed effects Prices for fixed-broadband and mobile voice
Panel regression models for fixed-broadband and mobile-cellular prices Two models are used for the regressions:
Panel regression models for fixed-broadband and mobile-cellular prices (continued Regulatory variable: The combined values of clusters 1 to 3 of the ITU ICT Regulatory Tracker.
The panel regression model for fixed-broadband prices has a medium explanatory power (an R-squared value of 0. 41, where 1 represents a
Panel regression results, fixed-broadband prices and regulation Variable Coefficient Statistical significance Interpretation GNI p. c. 0. 217
The results of the panel regression for mobile -cellular prices (voice and SMS) indicate that the
Panel regression results, mobile-cellular prices and regulation Variable Coefficient Statistical significance Interpretation GNI p. c. 0. 147
4 Voice over internet services, such as Skype or Voipbuster, are excluded from the analysis in this section because they require
20 For instance, the latest Computer literacy Survey in Sri lanka (2009) found that only 20 per cent of the household
population (aged 5-69) could use a computer on their own (Department of Census and Statistics Sri lanka, 2009.
uncertainty that may exist in their analysis (IBM 2013). ) A fifth V †value †is included by some
ITU, based on IBM (2012 a speed that are unprecedented. Google for example, is running about a thousand experiments at any given point in time (Varian
Mcafee and Brynjolfsson, 2012. GFT worked by monitoring health-seeking behaviour expressed through online searches, with the search terms
understand dengue fever outbreaks, 6 monitor prescription drug use (Simmering, Polgreen and Polgreen, 2014), predict unemployment claims
benchmark countries†ICT developments, monitor the evolution of the information society and identify digital divides The telecom industry†s use of big data
In 2013, the United nations High-level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda called for a â€oedata revolution†that draws
High-level Panel cited the example of â€oemobile technology and other advances to enable real -time monitoring of development resultsâ€
parking occupancy monitors, CCTV, integrated public transport card readers and GPS data derived not only from phones but also from
For example, IBM researchers used CDR data from mobile operator Orange to map out citizens†travel routes in Abidjan, the largest city in
widely-adopted list of indicators is the core list of ICT indicators developed by the Partnership
The core indicators on ICT infrastructure and access include indicators on mobile-cellular and mobile-broadband subscriptions, which remain
example, one of the core indicators reflects the types of online activity pursued by Internet users
operators to write customized mediation software to overcome potential inter-comparability issues among data from different systems.
mobile network operators monitor and forecast their revenue at the cell-tower level. Emerging research in Africa shows how reductions in
volumes of big data calling for computer science and decision-analysis skills that are not emphasized in traditional statistical courses
Mcafee and Brynjolfsson, 2012. NSOS recognize this shortcoming. In a recent global survey of NSOS from 200 economies, conducted by UNSC
companies, including search engines and social networks, on the other, is necessary and could be institutionalized through public-private
algorithms and software techniques that can be repurposed for business-use cases. Indeed, where the applications of data use for development
1 The report of the UN Secretary-General†s High-level Panel of Eminent Persons on the post-2015 Development Agenda
15 Deep packet inspection (DPI) is a process that utilizes specialized software to scan all of the data packets traversing a
25 For the latest list of core ICT indicators refer to 2014 edition of the â€oemanual for Measuring ICT Access and Use by Households
http://medicine. yale. edu/core/projects/yodap/index. aspx 33 For more information, and to view the outcome reports of this project,
visible to the webpage-indexing process of one or more search engines, thereby ensuring that the website and/or webpage
42 DPI is a process that utilizes specialized software to scan all of the data packets traversing a particular IP network.
46 A media access control (MAC) address is a unique identifier that is assigned to network interfaces mostly by a hardware
Department of Census and Statistics Sri lanka (2009), Computer literacy Survey †2009, December 2009. Available at
using search engine query data. Nature, 457 (7232), 1012†4. doi: 10.1038/nature07634 Groves, R. M. 2011), A possible data future for the observational social sciences.
IBM (2012), Analytics: The real-world use of big data. How innovative enterprises extract value from uncertain data.
http://public. dhe. ibm. com/common/ssi/ecm/en/gbe03519usen/GBE03519USEN. PDF IBM (2013), The Four V†s of Big data.
Retrieved from http://www. ibmbigdatahub. com/sites/default/files/infographic file/4-Vs-of-big data. jpg
Mcafee, A. and Brynjolfsson, E. 2012), Big data: the management revolution. Harvard Business Review, 90 (10), 60†6, 68,128
http://edge. org/panel/headcon-13-part-i Naef, E.,Muelbert, P.,Raza, S.,Frederick, R.,Kendall, J. and Gupta, N. 2014), Using mobile data for development.
UN High-level Panel (2013), A new global Partnership: Eradicate Poverty and Transform Economies through Sustainable
The Report of the High-level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda.
computer. Voip is also known as voice-over -broadband (Vob), and includes subscriptions through fixed-wireless, DSL, cable, fibre-optic and
data cards or USB modems, subscriptions to public mobile data services, private trunked mobile radio, telepoint, radio paging and
4. Percentage of households with a computer A computer refers to a desktop computer a laptop (portable computer or a tablet or
similar handheld computer. It does not include equipment with some embedded computing abilities, such as smart TV SETS, and devices with
telephony as a main function, such as mobile phones or smartphones. Household with a computer means that the computer is available
for use by all members of the household at any time. The computer may or may not be owned
by the household, but should be considered a household asset. 3 Data are obtained by countries through national
household surveys and are provided either directly to ITU by national statistical offices NSO), or ITU carries out the necessary research
The Internet is a worldwide public computer network. It provides access to a number of communication services, including the
device used (not assumed to be only a computer †it may also be a mobile telephone, tablet, PDA
games machine, DIGITAL TV, etc..Access can be via a fixed or mobile network. Household with Internet access means that the Internet is available
can be via a computer (i e. desktop computer laptop computer or tablet or similar handheld 223 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014
computer), mobile phone, games machine DIGITAL TV, etc..Access can be fixed via a or mobile network Data are obtained by countries through national
household surveys and are provided either directly to ITU by national statistical offices NSO), or ITU carries out the necessary research
USB modem/dongle) or as an add-on data package to voice services which requires an additional subscription.
Percentage of households with a computer 0. 20 Percentage of households with Internet access 0. 20
with a computer and percentage of households with Internet access •ICT use is measured by percentage of
d Percentage of households with a computer 100 93.1 e Percentage of households with Internet access 100 92.7
z4 Percentage of households with a computer d/100 0. 20 0. 93 z5 Percentage of households with Internet access e/100 0. 20 0. 93
y4 Percentage of households with a computer z4*.*20 0. 19 y5 Percentage of households with Internet access z5*.
computer), mobile-broadband prices were collected for two different data thresholds, based on a set of rules (see Annex Box 2. 4
and b) computer-based mobile-broadband subscriptions 5. Mobile-broadband prices should be collected from the operator with the largest market share in the country, measured by the
segments (postpaid, prepaid, computer-based, handset-based; b) there is no offer available for a specific sub-basket
7. Prices should be collected for prepaid and postpaid services, for both handset and computer-based plans.
i. 1 GB for USB/dongle (computer-based) subscriptions ii. 500 MB for handset-based subscriptions
ipad) should be excluded Allowances during the night are included not Source: ITU 239 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014
with computer Percentage of households with Internet access Economy 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013
with computer Percentage of households with Internet access Economy 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013
but excl. mobile data subscriptions (via data cards, USB modems and M2m cards). 7) Estimate
Percentage of households with computer, 2012 1) Estimated based on 2011 proportion of households with a computer and using annual growth rate of 3%.2) Preliminary
3) Refers to PC or laptop. 4) Data correspond to dwellings (not households). 5) Ghana Living Standards Survey 2012/2013
The estimate is based on households who own and/or have access to a desktop, laptop or TABLET PCS.
Sample weights have been applied. 6) Personal computer included desktop computer, laptop/notebook/netbook/tablet and palm top /Personal digital assistant (PDA),
but excluded digital diary and electronic dictionary. 7) Estimate. 8) From Household Socio -Economic survey-2012.9) Census data. 10) Computer includes the number of personal computer, Notebook, and PDA
11) U s. Census bureau, table 4: http://www. census. gov/hhes/computer/publications/2012. html Percentage of households with computer, 2013
1) Labour force Survey 2013.2) Cambodia Inter-censal Population Survey. 3) Refers to PC, laptop or a tablet. 4) Data
correspond to dwellings (not households. 5) Ghana Living Standards Survey 2012/2013. The estimate is based on
households who own and/or have access to a desktop, laptop or TABLET PCS. Sample weights have been applied
6) Preliminary. 7) Estimated Percentage of households with Internet access, 2012 1) Estimated based on 2011 proportion of households with internet and using estimated annual growth rate of 2. 8
%2) Preliminary. 3) Data correspond to dwellings (not households. 4) Ghana Living Standards Survey 2012/2013.
access at home. 5) Incl. desktop computer, laptop/notebook/netbook/tablet, but excluded palm top/Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and other devices for Internet connection (e g. smartphone, game console and e-book reader.
6) Accessing from personal computers. 7) Estimate based on 2011 Census Population Household Projection Estimates. 8) From Household
Socioeconomic survey-2012.9) Break in comparability: Refers to access at home, on cell phone or other mobile device and
via mobile modem. 10) Census data. 11) Excl. households which didn†t know type of internet access 172 346 households
http://www. census. gov/hhes/computer/publications/2012. htm Percentage of households with Internet access, 2013
Not restricted to access at home. 5) Included desktop computer laptop/notebook/netbook/tablet, but excluded palm top/Personal digital assistant (PDA) and other devices for Internet
connection (e g. smartphone, game console and e-book reader Use indicators Percentage of individuals using the Internet, 2012
1) 15 years and older. Last 12 months. 2) Users in the last 3 months. 3) Estimated based on 2011 Residential consumer survey
computer and Internet usage is 3 months only. 28) U s. Census bureau, Table 2: http://www. census. gov/hhes/computer
/publications/2012. htm Percentage of individuals using the Internet, 2013 1) Individuals aged 15 years and over. 2) Population age 16-74.3) Labour force Survey 2013.4) Individuals aged 6 and over
USB modems and dongles, mobile broadband(>256kbps at least in one direction up to HSPA+),Wimax, Pre Wimax, SID and
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
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