The ecological footprint is a measure of human demand on the Earth†s eco -systems.
materials, as well as meeting customer demand for an improved transparency of supply chain The most in demand information includes data on
public policy or demands from partners determine a more focused reaction in companies, which become more accountable
demands, rather than from an acknowledgment of the fact that it may be the way of the future,
and services, e-commerce and enhancing demand for ICT€ and â€oestrengthening ICT applications for e-government, e-learning, e-inclusion and e-health†is also subject to
of the fiscal demands of extra-national and cross-border trade, limiting the potential of the single market.
By 2020 retail will have changed dramatically †driven by consumer demand and by technological advances †irrespective of any policy direction.
impede a trader†s ability to comply with consumer demand, and prevent retailers to offer
can do much to stimulate demand for (and demonstrate the benefits of) ICT through initiatives to bring public services online.
factors and that the drivers of demand for ICT goods will be weaker over the next half-decade3.
demand for new products and services Patrick de Smedt, chairman of Microsoft EMEA, puts â€oeleading by example†at the top of his prescriptions for
Does Supply Create Its Own Demand? â€, Global Competitiveness Report 2002-2003, World Economic Forum
2 Social innovation is defined in this context as new responses to pressing social demands by means that affect the process of social
the course of the project has focused on the demand for a novel paradigm for provision of education made
suggest that the demand for ICTS in education by young people is not increasing as dramatically as these
success indicators, demand for systematic incorporation of SI in the policy toolbox, replacing public sector services with grassroots initiatives
demand on labour market for certain skills ++Medium term Need to make educational systems responsive to these developments
unmet skills demand Medium e-government and online engagement potentially empower citizens Technological progress and
benchmarking), demand for services e-government benchmarking data (EU UN +Short to medium term Unequal accessibility and ubiquity of
demand for interaction with citizens High 32 Trend Drivers Indicators Evidence-base 0 /+/Time horizon
Cedefop. from http://www. cedefop. europa. eu/EN/about-cedefop/projects/forecasting-skill-demand-and
Cedefop. from http://www. cedefop. europa. eu/EN/about-cedefop/projects/forecasting-skill-demand-and
Replacement Demand in a Global Economyâ€, in Holzer, H. and D. Nightingale (eds. Reshaping Workforce Policies for a Changing Economy
and Katy E Pearce,"Internet Use and Democratic Demands: A Multinational, Multilevel Model of Internet Use and Citizen Attitudes About Democracy,"Journal of
future need and demand for appropriate models of accommodation and associated services for older people.
EU transport demand: Trends and drivers 2010. As of June 2013; http://www. eutransportghg2050. eu/cms/assets/EU-Transport-GHG-2050
demand for immunisation. Loop B2 is a balancing loop, which represents the limiting factor resulting from increased demand as far as the effectiveness of the healthcare system is
concerned. An increase in demand results in increased workload which reduces health worker motivation resulting in reduced level of service
The global demand for innovative products in knowledge-based industries is high and growing rapidly;
while demand for skilled workers has exploded. 6 11. Given the shift in comparative advantage towards more knowledge based economic activity
given industry†s underlying technological conditions, scale economies, and demand. Where scale economies are important,
conflicting customer demands is a delicate strategy that only a very flexible enterprise, which has both
demands. But doing so requires skilled labour, and high investments in human capital â'Continual innovation.
Manufacturers make sophisticated and ever changing demands, which push suppliers to provide a continuous stream of incremental innovations.
exposed to different consumer demands, networking with foreign collaborators, and above all accessing novel sources of knowledge, clearly makes FDI an important element of the panoply of strategies open to
evaluate the costs or demands of the service provider as a relatively neutral third party. SMES
to take business-related risks and seek opportunity in anticipation of future demand (Covin &
demand for new and innovative products. Least mentioned was the lack of adequate human resources (8. 49%)(see
Incertitude connected to the demand for inovative products Difficult acces to relevant market information Lack of medium and long term economic
insufficient funds) and incertitude about the evolution of demand for new and innovative goods Most SMES use computers, Internet and the e-mail in their business activities and some of them even developed
demand of jobs and occupations. This will involve expanding online training; cooperating more closely with businesses, unions and others through advisory councils;
The OTRIS are responsible for channelling external research demands to the appropriate research groups within their own institutions
increased sharply as the main drivers of these economies, the knowledge-based industries, demand higher levels of skills in the workforce with which to manage technological change productively.
expertise, resulting in rising demand for college-educated workers relative to their supply (Katz &
bid up for those workers who possess high levels of human capital while, due to falling demand
by the Ministry of Education, seeks to adapt vocational training to the new economy and new demand
The new market demand for energy efficiency will foster job creation in different ways. First initial energy audits
research universities also develop their own strategies to meet regional demands, especially the needs of the SMES through their association with other research organizations such as the Higher National
external research demands to the appropriate research groups within their own institutions, as well as promoting the transfer of research results into the private sector through patenting,
With respect to the question of how the university views the †demand pull†approach to technology transfer, the representatives did not seem to place a great deal of emphasis on coordinating
the North american experience that coop students can create a demand-pull mechanism to pull technical knowledge out of universities to provide assistance to firms (Bramwell and Wolfe, 2008
create a demand for emulating the approach in other firms and universities across the region
A connected issue is the levels of demand for goods and services. The regional economy in not
context, demand for local products and services is affected. In addition, the level of Spain†s public
indebtedness has resulted already in austerity packages that have an impact on aggregate demand Finally, with the eastward enlargement of the EU, the region is likely to lose its Objective 1 status
All such training must be demand-rather than supply-driven Turning to the institutions in Andalusia, a Working group is in the process of being established
the contraction in global economic demand from the recent downturn may make the penetration of
between producers and consumers meant that it could meet the demands of the new type of consumer
or the growing demand in Spain and elsewhere for organic food products The traditions of cooperative production and distribution in Andalusia†s agri-food sector, allied to the
demand-side economic policies of larger countries. It has developed therefore a series of institutional arrangements over a long time period that underpins its relative economic success. A particular set of
downturn and collapse of global demand in many key markets, unemployment has climbed from 3. 6
anticipation of future demand. By considering that proactiveness involves the capacity of a firm to anticipate changes in its environments,
anticipation of future demand. If proactiveness involves the capacity of a firm to anticipate changes in its environments
demand-side measures and more general framework conditions for firm growth and entrepreneurship Innovative firms operating in emerging growth markets
supply, home demand, firm strategies, competition related industries, and their interaction. Advanced and sophisticated home demand is emphasised
by Porter as an important factor for raising the national competitive advantage. 11 The existence of
demand-side innovation as companies are forced to satisfy their needs to remain competitive In 2005, a high-level European expert group revisited
bolder innovation policy combining supply and demand measures in growing business areas combining a large share of GDP with direct impact on the daily life of
is forecast to raise global demand in more sustainable cities. A simultaneous and coordinated push of supply-and
demand-side measures for innovative goods and services in sustainable construction has large potential for high-growth
pushed by demand-side measures such as standards regulation for energy efficiency, impact on the environment water and health, public procurement of construction and
demand-side measures such as stricter EU regulations on passenger cars†CO2 emissions Figure 16 illustrates the science and technology
and demand with networked specialisation The demographic evolution in developed economies is leading to an ageing population, with public health
experiencing this growing demand particularly strongly and therefore has large potential for †lead usersâ€
development of advanced home demand. The article presents Europe†s competitive position in the globalisation of knowledge
demands a multidimensional approach that takes into account both the incentives for firms to innovate, the internal and external drivers and barriers for innovation, and the framework
Common characteristics of KETS include a high demand for R&d, skills and capital expenditure, a multidisciplinary approach cutting across many technology areas, long time
Opening-up new markets can also help to unlock additional demand and new resources for production,
5) Identifying the most important factors that influence future demand for new applications that emerge from a KET
scenarios by differentiating between substitutive demand and additional demand European Competitiveness in KETS ZEW and TNO
Quality of demand hampering the level of innovation Market demand Quantity of demand hampering the diffusion
of innovation Source: Klein Woolthuis (2010 The framework helps to analyse the barriers and drivers within a KET area that affect the
and demand should be big enough and of enough quality to support innovation Interactions between the different actors should be present
nanotechnology, while a more detailed look at production opportunities and market demands for certain applications leads to less euphoric,
Market demand The nanotechnology cluster network in NRW consists of three geographically separated clusters, each with a different focus of nanotechnology (nanotech-IT, nanotech-biotech
market demand, since these funds aim on supporting academic spin-offs and nanotechnology start-ups, which contributes to the economic success of the cluster by transforming research
but also demand considerable changes in producing and using these innovations and may induce concerns about long-term benefits
As for all radical innovations, demand is highly uncertain and tends to be very low in the first years after an innovation has been
But there is no doubt that demand for nanotechnology products will increase clearly above the total market expansion
Another critical factor is to successfully link technological opportunities with user demand Many product developments in nanotechnology tend to be driven research, i e. focusing on
skill demands are particularly high. Since education typically focuses on imparting knowledge from specific and established scientific or business fields, people who integrate skills from
impacts of nanotechnology and thus stimulate investment and demand Since R&d in nanotechnology involves very long time horizons, stable networks among
strong consumer demand. Moreover, this trend is expected to be fuelled by higher semiconductor content per installed system, leading to a â€oedigital upgrading†of the economic
Market demand The Grenoble cluster is focused very market in its activities and has identified a market niche
was focused on †demand pull†activities such as improved mobile phone functionality, the decisions for these functions were external to the cluster.
They represent an important source of demand for many smaller firms. The first anchor firm being Nortel Networks, but in the meantime these
Market demand Research activities very application oriented through central coordination of identification of market opportunities (Minalogic
communication which is supported by strong consumer demand. Moreover, this trend is expected to be fuelled by a higher semiconductor content per installed system, leading to a
This shift is driven partly by governmental regulation and partly by consumer demand as consumers increasingly request a smaller environmental footprint.
Market demand Next to the relatively easy access to financial resources and markets in London, other high
Market demand The biotechnology cluster in the Bay Area is market-oriented and a hub of biotechnology and
Thus, the demand for sustainable solutions will be powerful driver for industrial biotechnology applications. But biotechnology must compete with alternative production technologies such as purely chemical
demand and negative impacts of biotechnological inputs must be addressed The role of public support Universities and public research organisations play a very prominent role in industrial
But there is no doubt that demand for products which involve industrial biotechnology will increase clearly above the total market
in order to satisfy food demand in order to relieve public worries European Competitiveness in KETS ZEW and TNO
) In terms of demand photonics is a global industry, with small firms highly specialised, able to capture large shares of global market segments.
But there is no doubt that demand for photonic products will increase clearly above the total market expansion
thus stimulating additional demand and contributing to net growth Many new applications in photonics are expected to substitute other technologies.
traditional materials such as polymers based on crude oil by biomaterials demands new investment while offering little price-cost advantages.
Market demand The chemical sector in Wallonia †in which the Plastiwin cluster is embedded-is highly
Market demand The advanced materials cluster is oriented to the development and production of new materials related to advanced batteries.
demands that will increase the level of quality and capacities of its supplying firms. This will
International demand through relative low production and labour costs in China Market structure 70 percent SME€ s
Society†s demand of advanced materials included in new technologies products and services is affected by a variety of factors
solutions improving environmental saving technologies is expected to be a powerful demand of advanced materials Chapter 7 Advanced Materials
demand for nanomaterials will most likely give ground for new producers and additional production facilities.
a positive feedback in the demand for the respective material Advanced materials are characterised by an extreme variety of individual products and
Product regulation typically demands time-consuming procedures for each field of application until new materials are approved for commercial use in the respective application area.
machinery and instruments industry) and demands of regulatory bodies and other public authorities which have to guarantee that new materials do not harm health or the environment
stimulating demand low no high low no low Significance of health environment, safety concerns high low medium low low low
cannot simply add market size of individual KETS to get a total volume of demand for KETS
percent, which is expected about the medium-term growth of global demand for goods and services). ) The differences in expected future growth of KET demand reflect differences in the
demands high investment in R&d and cooperation of actors with different industrial and disciplinary background.
conducting R&d, the role of public policy for stimulating demand (e g. through public procurement, taxes or regulation),
products that do not have a direct demand, and third, that KETS have so many applications
Market demand can be distorted due to insufficient transparency or inefficient pricing mechanism due, for instance, to the inability to include
supportive demand-side factors, including anticipatory demand, international orientation of users, intense competition, and a price advantage over alternative technological solutions
prepared to offer curricula that meet the specific demands of KETS. What is more, career opportunities of cross-disciplinary studies are unclear to many students (e g. because
Edler, J.,Georghiou, L. 2007), Public procurement and innovation-Resurrecting the demand side Research Policy 36, 949†963
 demand  for  integrated/convergent  entrepreneurial  graduates  and  skilled
demand for knowledge ï ows, NSI scholars have listed IPR protection as one of the key functions within a portfolio and havewidely
98 H. Katajisto, J. Kimari, Education, Training and Demand for Labour in Finland by 2015, Finnish National Board of education, Helsinki, 2005
demands: learning how to transform business processes around the potential of digital, or identifying where and how they can provide new product and service innovations.
Indeed, relatively few CIOS are equipped for the demands of a digital world †and those who are not are increasingly at risk. â€oeas
â€oedigital is creating new demands for leadership. Some CIOS are ready for that and some aren†t, †notes Kornferry†s Concannon
demands a different mindset To delve deeper into this mindset, we assessed the characteristics of those CIOS most engaged in the strategic elements of their jobs
yourself, that is a huge management demand, so it will affect your abilities on strategy and innovation.
For CIOS, all this brings new demands and pressures to which they will have to react.
demands rapid-assembly teams that represent views from across the business, including marketing, finance and IT,
changes in technology, competition, regulation and customer needs and demands. This has caused managers and researchers alike to search for new ways of developing organizational
declined regionally and nationally indicates reasonable demand for these types of occupations in the South East
s reviewed water and waste water supply and demand in all NSS centres in 2008. Based on an analysis of demand and supply, the priority in the South
East region is additional waste water treatment capacity in Wexford town. Forfã¡s will be working with the Department of the Environment to update the water/waste water needs of
as it will increase the volume of water available to meet demand without necessitating significant capital investment in new water treatment capacity
to accommodate additional demand, in excess of projected demand, without the need for additional grid reinforcement17.
Capability (MW) for Additional Demand at 220 kv and 110 kv Stations in the South East
investment plans need to be reviewed to take account of the implications of reduced demand and planning delays
led by market demands. Today, many people are focused more on a healthier lifestyle and on †wellness. †This has resulted in a growing demand for lifestyle related products such as health
enhancing functional foods (e g. cholesterol reducing products. Agribusiness also plays a significant role as part of a wider †bio-economyâ€,
weakens demand for foreign holidays among Irish holidaymakers The South East has a number of high profile cultural events
However, the limited demand for language skills by the existing cohort of companies in the South East can result in reduced
 Vendors responding to these demands by embracing new delivery and pricing models such as software as a service (Saas), infrastructure as a service (Iaas), platform as a
and software on demand  The emergence of the networked value chain, a distributed business model where
in locations such as data centres and delivered on demand. Cloud computing is impacting the ICT industry in terms of the products
The number of new employment permits issued in recent times is indicator of the demand for
education and training providers in addressing skills demands in a systematic and co -ordinated way.
pro-investment regulation, infrastructure planning and investment and demand stimulation. There is a need to enhance backhaul capacity for the region
Demand & Feedback New Market Formation Competence Building Skills and Education Provision of Consultancy Services
the demand †pull†factors of innovation. The current lack of a broader awareness hinders the
are also more mobile and high-value talent is scarce relative to global demand. People can
economies driven by consumer demand, increased disposable incomes and a demand for †personalised†solutions. Within the business to business (B2b) sector, companies are
investments in the electricity network are required to satisfy future demands, and the broadband offering in the region needs to be improved to support future enterprise potential
led by market demands. Today, many people are focused more on a healthier lifestyle and on †wellness. †This has resulted in a growing demand for lifestyle related products such as health
enhancing functional foods (e g. cholesterol reducing products. Agribusiness also plays a significant role as part of a wider †bio-economyâ€,
Demand for food products in the UK, a key market, has fallen due to lower aggregate demand conditions
Growth is driven principally by a growing demand for energy and a move to cleaner sources of energy production as the costs of carbon and other
weakens demand for foreign holidays among Irish holidaymakers. The Southeast has a number of high profile cultural events which act as a further draw for visitors to the region
However, the limited demand for language skills by the existing cohort of companies can result in reduced retention of
Vendors responding to these demands by embracing new delivery and pricing models such as software as a service (Saas), infrastructure as a service (Iaas), platform as a
and software on demand ï¿The emergence of the networked value chain, a distributed business model where
Demand & Feedback New Market Formation Competence Building Skills and Education Provision of Consultancy Services
High levels of skills where demand has reduced significantly, and ï¿High levels of skilled unemployed
including time-tabling issues, lack of demand and limitations due to existing track infrastructure. While improvements have been achieved †for example enhanced commuter
According to Eirgrid, the national electricity infrastructure provider, electricity demand in the Southeast is expected to increase by over 45%by 2025.
To facilitate this demand, Eirgrid has suggested that the following investments in the South-East†s electricity grid are
Interactive, on-demand multimedia resources such as the Khan Academy enable students to learn the basics of any discipline asynchronously (Khan academy
demand for other products (Frishammar and HÃ rte 2005 Hypotheses SMES that can demonstrate timely
Strong external demand for local commodities, especially from China and other Asian economies, coupled with good macroeconomic
network in periods of peak demand, to reduce traffic congestion •The ††Pay as you drive††(PAYD) ICT, where the Automobile insurance is
Distribution Networkdistribution Network Demand Side Managementdemand Side Management Planning Operation Load Management Customer Integration Integrated Planning & operation of
30kw load demand  •Large scale integration of RES/CHP in MV and LV networks
Active Demand Response and integration with Smart homes Smart Metering Infrastructure & Data Processing Integration of
Active Demand Response and integration with Smart homes Smart Metering Infrastructure & Data Processing Integration of
-demand response -active market participation of customers and distributed resources -ICT-solutions for market actions and management
-demand response -active market participation of customers and distributed resources -ICT-solutions for market actions and management
-Demand Response -Energy Storage -Offshore HVDC -Demand Response Active Consumersactive Consumers Integration of Renewables Integration of
Renewables Low Environmental Impact Low Environmental Impact Low Life cycle Cost Low Life cycle Cost Sustainable Power Systemsustainable Power system
-Active Demand Response -Energy efficiency from integration with smart homes -Active Demand Response -Energy efficiency from integration with smart homes-Metering
Infrastructure -Smart metering data processing -Metering Infrastructure -Smart metering data processing Integration of Smart Customers
 â€oeenergy networks and demand side managementâ â€. The equivalent document containing R&d implementation guidelines of the innovation policy
on the link provided in Table 32 is  â€oesmart Grids, demand-side management and
R&d-programmes Available-Call for R&d projects"Energy networks and demand side management "R&d and Innovation policy, Innovation Agenda
-Smart grids, demand-side management and decentralised electricity production: Mounting a national R&d programme -Roadmap for smartgrids and electicity systems that integrate renewable
Smart grids, demand-side management and decentralised electricity production: Mounting a national R&d programm www. google. at/url?
demand side management No scenarios, project information or platforms are available in Greece R&d Framework, Programmes and Policy
crisis, climate change, and the demand for quality healthcare, seem to require digitally-extended collective intelligence
to prevent excessive demands and frustrations. In Europe, interesting crowdsourcing projects for cities are emerging from the Open Cities project and Commons4eu
Recent global developments have revealed increasing demands of citizens for their governments and administrations to become more participatory, trans
and demand for the approach including the specific user problems the product or service would solve
analytics software to test demand Fi na n -ci al V al ue There has to be a market for
local needs and demand In countries where DSI is advanced relatively, such as The netherlands and the UK,
therefore integrate policies that are formulated with demand side considerations, through approaches such as public-private partnerships
Innovation users or groups representing demand-side perspectives and consumers, relevant non -profit organisations representing citizens
between SME latent and implicit needs and demand for support, on the one hand, and the effective value added of the existing support,
consistency between policies addressing the supply and the demand (take-up) of innovations Entrepreneurship: Favourable conditions for equity investment, business angels and venture capitalists
demand-side perspectives, embodied in innovation-user or interest groups of consumers, are represented along with intermediaries who offer a knowledge-based
adapt their offer of support services to the demand of the different types of enterprises:
and stimulating demand for new applications (cloud computing, ebusiness) and ICT usage (ecommerce for SMES and consumers, smart energy networks and low energy lighting, ICT R&d, etc
-wide and international market data on the demand and supply of KETS, which will help regions (and Member States) to identify their competitive advantages more
•have potential in generating social demand, engaging the public and addressing social concerns in rapidly growing markets, such as those
•knowledge of international market and technology demand •strategy development for international R&d activities
stimulating private or public demand for eco-innovations. Starting with demand issues provides more chances for successful innovation than starting with R&d
grants, as it allows the design of the innovation process to more precisely match the market opportunity and to obtain faster market take-up of the innovation
Business Innovation Research scheme (SBIR) 125 †take public sector demand for innovative, affordable and high-quality solutions as a starting point.
-building with demand-side measures in a unique manner. This is particularly true for public procurement,
They address a social demand or need (e g elder care), contribute to addressing a societal challenge (ageing society) and
challenges such as demographic ageing, increased demand for healthcare services risk of poverty and social exclusion, the need for better and more transparent
•the improvement of demand-side conditions and, in particular, public procurement as a driver for innovation
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