materials and promotion to the demand and to better reach the target group. In particular, the development should follow the recommendations of the
and should follow the target group†s demand for initial IPR services as established e g. through analysis of helpline requests, or feedback
Depending on the demand of the target group the activities may be provided in the most demanded EU languages.
methodologies and they have to be driven demand, launched at the moment agencies themselves recognise the need to revise programme formats.
dispersed demand complementing the main public transport network Heathrow†s automated â€oecybercars†are the centrepiece of the EU-funded research project, Citymobil,
but demand brief repetition here Information and communications technologies •reduce transaction costs and thereby improve productivity
amplify, and transmit needs and demands, both domestically and internationally. 5 Social capital: Maintaining strong family ties is critical to mental and physical well-being,
demand for ICT will be correspondingly high. New and expanding markets are to be found among low
generate new demand for hardware, software, and services Mobile telecommunications took 20 years to reach one billion users,
evolution of text messaging in the Philippines, where high demand and limited ability to pay generated a series
fuel demand for technology Patience. According to Rupert Murdoch, â€oebig will not beat small anymore. It will be the fast beating the slow. †54
and wait for demand to happen. It didn†t. Many telecenters failed when donor money or interest ran out.
Answering these questions effectively demands collaboration at a system-wide level Vodafone, Nokia, and Nokia Siemens Networks are making a start at this kind of collective effort, jointly
world †collaboration for effective, continuous standards-setting demands particular attention 2business model innovation. As we have seen,
Success factors cited include prior comfort levels with text messaging, unfulfilled demand for safe, reliable transactions services,
Drivers Demands on developing and emerging country governments are exceeding their ability to deliver †for example
to transform the way they address these demands using technology †using egovernment solutions that
circle†described above, with ecitizens driving demand for egovernment driving demand for ecitizens. The company is also working to develop indicators that will allow it to gauge
company†s Networking Academies build this foundation for growth. 88 They also fuel demand for the company†s
Dominating external demands (clients) 7. 1 3. 1 Secrecy requirements of clients 4. 3 3. 1
-ply but also the lack of demand. In order to be effective in these cases support instruments have to raise aware
design could be innovations in sectors with broadly standardised customers demand such as textile industry or furniture production;
circle of low demand for R&d and poor matched public funding 2. 1. 3. The Development Paths Of high-Technology Industry
because of the worldwide decrease of demand for textile products (Dei Ottati 2004 Bellandi and Romagnoli 1994.
like the US dollar exchange rates) and international demand (Binder and Sautter 59 2006). ) Tuttlingen keeps global linkages to e g.,
but also to satisfy even smaller demand vol -umes. This in itself is a success factor for the cluster again
demand for transport in spatial and temporal terms. Technological trends will meet the demand for comfort, safety and speed through
advances in ICT in the field of telematics. This covers systems for traffic and transport
The demand for e-skills and ICT practitioners Only 8%of all enterprises actually employ ICT
the eskills Forum, a task force established in 2003 to assess the demand and supply of ICT and e-business skills and to develop policy recommendations
the total transport demand in 2010 is expected to be 40%higher than in 1998.26 The facts
demands for European transport 2. 2. 3 Maritime transport High quality waterborne transport is less costly and more environmentally friendly than
Transport is also the fastest growing demand sector in New Member States (NMS), with its share in final energy demand in these
challenge for future urban transport systems is to meet the demand for accessibility for people, while at the same time minimising the impact on the environment.
affecting the demand for transport in spatial and temporal terms. Technological trends will meet the demand for comfort, safety and speed through advances in ICT and telematics
traffic and transport management systems, travel information and reservation systems vehicle guidance systems, mobility cards
citizens, so has the demand for ICT-related skills. Improving e-business skills, especially among SMES, has been identified as a relevant concern for policy in several E-business
the demand for individuals with creativity and higher-level conceptual skills that will enable enterprises to increase productivity
To a large extent the demand comes from SMES, which often face substantial difficulties in attracting qualified ICT and e-business professionals in competition with larger players
3. 2. 1 Demand for ICT skills and skills development Employment of"ICT practitioners "The e-Skill Forum, established by the EC in March 2003, defined, in the one hand, ICT
Demand for ICT skills and skills development Transport & logistics sector (TLS Companies employing ICT
The total demand for ICT practitioners in Europe has been estimated roughly at about 0. 23 million persons per year including replacement demand. 65 The sectoral survey
requirements and capabilities and new marketplaces with particular demands. Managing the supply chain †all the firms and processes involved in producing
and supply chain managers to meet these demands by integrating systems, collaborating within and across firms, and sharing information
%SCM software can help companies from the TLS industry to match supply and demand through integrated and collaborative interaction tools.
To meet customer demand for seamless, comprehensive and reliable information on which to base business decisions today, companies must integrate data from the many
Marketing, responding to customer demand, communicates with several distributors and retailers, and attempts to satisfy this demand.
Shared information between supply chain partners can only be leveraged fully through process integration At this time supply chain management has moved from low level and highly fragmented
The demand by retailers for smaller, more frequent deliveries to premises generates additional traffic. In addition the out-sourcing of logistics services by companies to sub
trends are taking place against a background of a growing public demand for more sustainable urban living and a more acceptable quality of life.
and the composition of the demand for labour. For this study, an extended Structure †Conduct †Performance (SCP
composition and the demand for labour, most importantly with regard to knowledge and skills. All these characteristics determine the level of competition in the industry
influence the demand for labour and its composition. It may also further shape the relationships with suppliers and customers, for example with regard to collaboration
towards skilled workers, reducing demand for unskilled labour and increasing wage 111 TFP is a measure for disembodied technical change in a production process.
thus, the application of ICT may increase the demand and wages for skilled labour and decrease the same for unskilled labour (†digital divideâ€.
impossible to generate this type of operation data to satisfy these client demands. AISA innovates to be prepared for these processes with suitable e-business solutions like the
To better face the growing demand of the market, Saima Avandero joined the Belgian group ABX LOGISTICS in 1999
improve people†s quality of life can respond to the demand for sustainable healthcare systems The development and widespread adoption of ehealth technologies can also contribute
which level of demand is uncertain. As a response to this market failure, public authorities should make greater use of their purchasing
demand and by examining the direct application of ICT in the transport system. Following a
into the impacts of ICT on transport demand, we examine the extent to which existing and
transport demand. The extensibility impact of ICT use has allowed an acceleration of activities over both larger and smaller spatial scales,
impacts on transport demand. In the next section, we take a closer look at the transport system
3. ICT Use and Transport Demand It is recognized now increasingly that the links between ICT use
Table 2. ICT use by persons and transport demand Type of ICT use Impact on transport demand (persons
Use of E-services: shopping, banking education, entertainment, government services On-line, last minute, booking (flights
increase of travel demand to central places with high-level services (e g. to enjoy â€oeshopping experienceâ€.
Table 3. ICT use by businesses and transport demand Type of ICT use Impact on transport demand (freight
E-business (b2c), including e -marketing and customer services Reduces transport for ordering and delivery of nonmaterial goods (e g
Delivery may be reorganized to decrease transport demand; but if time pressure, more frequent delivery with smaller loads
Impact on transport demand (persons Remote (simultaneous development and design Reduces travel demand of R&d personnel to some extent,
but cannot substitute for informal creative meetings Remote diagnostics monitoring Reduces travel demand of servicing engineers,
but is limited still due to legal issues concerning responsibility and liability of partners, and due to network
phased in some areas and demand responsive in other areas, but the objective is to decrease the
provision of information may encourage the acceptance of demand management measures Advanced Traveler Information systems Personal information systems may take different forms
Signalization (e g. set in series) or demand responsive (fixed),(private, public Navigation systems (in-vehicle)( private
Demand responsive growing in the US, less likely in Europe Larger potentials in US (private cars) as (status) symbol
The above discussion on the impacts of ICT use on transport demand and on working of the
Exceptions are impacts of teleworking on travel demand and the impacts of ICT use in the
and respond to these demands. Advances in medical science, especially in the areas of diagnostics, therapeutic medicines and surgical
At home, in a GP surgery, in an A&e department or hospital ward, patients will demand to be treated with dignity and respect.
demands, delivering a better patient experience, fewer unplanned demands on clinical resources, and a more satisfying work environment for the staff.
healthcare improvement, efficiently and effectively meeting the increasing demands of stakeholders in the healthcare environment, patients, professionals and funders.
measure, monitor and forecast future healthcare demand Increased perception of value delivered from the healthcare service:
decoupled from productivity and demand conditions. With Italian trading partners introducing productivity-enhancing reforms, and with the historical escape route of
in the face of depressed global demand has underscored the continued adaptability and resilience of Italian
generally managed to orient its exports to markets with a rapidly expanding demand for imports, while its product mix has been biased towards products where growth has been less
First, demand for care and cure will increase over the next decades caused by the ageing population (within 40 years, one in every four people will be over 60.
The design of a user friendly access control model demands to conceptually divide the access control model in two layers:
market demand for the innovated products in the form of an explicit customer demand or
Chanaron (1998) identified demand placed on business by customers/clients, close working relationships with a key customer and close analysis of competitor products are
and demand, information provided by suppliers of equipments and materials, market 13 opportunities, and competition.
-Customer demand -Market opportunities -Suppliers of equipments /materials -Institutional support -Economic Incentives -Competition Technological Innovation in Products and/or Processes
customer demand, raw material substitution, new products Share of innovated products in total sales Growth of Sales, Employment and
Box 4. 4. MAEHC turned consent to demand...109 Box 5. 1. Implementation efforts provide a picture of significant
health care demands a strict adherence to confidentiality. A view held by many physicians in nearly all the case studies was that sharing identifiable
demands to make health systems more responsive to the patients they serve as well as improving the quality of care,
containing costs, reconciling rising demands for health care and public financing constraints in the context of rapid demographic and
Box 4. 4. MAEHC turned consent to demand Following extensive discussion within the MAEHC€ s own privacy and security
so that patients would want and demand to participate To engage patients, the MAEHC enlisted the assistance of outside professionals with
There is likely to be some demand for all three types of indicator, but priorities will differ over time
although there appears to be some demand for indicators to track population access to ICTS, patients†opinions and attitudes, including for health-related
In effect, creating and cultivating a consumer demand Background and benefits The first Swedish efforts in e-prescription date back to 1981 with a
many countries is a new approach on demand side support which is very important for driving
ii) how to stimulate demand of innovation especially using procurement as a catalyst for innovation support and iii) how to improve the
For the stimulation of demand of innovation -public organisations can play an important role as visionary risk-taking and demanding
innovative demand side measures, such as public procurement. An approach that has received much attention is the US SBIR programme and
Stimulation of demand is provided not only through public organisations. Demand from private organisations can also be stimulated
through different governmental initiatives such as subsidies, tax redemption schemes and regulatory changes. Another important remark is that if SMES
stimulate demand of innovations and improve effectiveness and efficiency of innovation support service delivery 2. 2 Structure of this report
new approach on demand side support in many countries. The pre-commercial procurement is very important for driving innovation-led
demand of innovation (EFF4 3. 3 Common Framework IPF has focused on identifying and learning from good practices as well as developing new
public initiatives, ii) how to stimulate demand of innovation, especially using procurement as an vehicle for innovation support and iii) how to
•Demand driven support measures to stimulate the use and demand for innovations. In many cases, measures driving the markets for
innovation are, even more important for the growth of the economy than stimulation of the production of innovations.
How to stimulate demand of innovation Public organisations can play an important role as visionary risk-taking and demanding reference
innovative demand side measures, such as public procurement There are some general lessons learned from studying SBIR-like efforts in Europe, the USA and
order to stimulate demand of innovation in public organisations, governments can require public agencies and organisations to identify
and demands, and allocate budgets for their procurement. Another approach is the â€oeus Challenge. govâ€, which stimulates public
To stimulate demand on innovation is broader than public procurement and can through different means also influence demand from
private organisations, e g. public agencies can facilitate innovation procurement in private organisations by e g. gathering buyer organisations
turn drove demand of broadband and Internet services. Another approach has been developed in IMPROVING INNOVATION SUPPORT TO SMES
Asia is driving huge demand for a diverse range of goods and services. At the same time, new markets are being created
•announced expanded access to demand-driven funding from 1 january 2016 at a cost of $820. 4 million over three years,
middle class is increasing demand for all manner of goods and services, from energy, high quality food products
generally, China†s share of global demand for luxury goods is projected to double to around 20 per cent by 2020 (CLSA, 2011
growth in services is expected to meet future domestic demand, especially in smaller sectors that show potential like health and aged care services
confidently foretold the extent of China†s spectacular recent growth and its soaring demand for
World demand for gas is expected to increase by around 50 per cent by 2035, largely led
the demand for mining technology and services will continue to increase our mining advantage is not just about resources in the ground
3. Agriculture to meet increased demand for high quality food The United nations expects world food demand to increase by
70 per cent by 2050 (United nations Food and Agriculture Organization, 2009. As incomes rise, particularly in Asia, so
will demand for food products like fruit and vegetables, dairy products, meats cereals and fish (Chart 7). Australia is
projected demand of Asean countries for food products Source: ABARES, 2013 TPO00007 An action plan for a stronger Australia
services will remain in high demand. Reflecting the highly skilled, innovative nature of the Australian economy, professional, scientific and technical industries accounted for more
demand-driven higher education system to all sub-bachelor courses and is deregulating fees from 2016.
However, the Review of the Demand Driven Funding System (2014) suggested universities need greater control over their capacity to raise resources
the expansion of the demand driven system to all accredited bachelor and sub-bachelor courses
high demand globally and are readily transferable across borders, these workers have a great many choices about where they work.
Australia†s domestic infrastructure demands are growing rapidly. By 2060, Australia†s population will have increased by over 15 million,
demands are also growing rapidly. Global GDP is expected to double by 2030 and trade will grow
Increasing demands on Australia†s infrastructure Increasing congestion is costing an estimated $15 billion per year (Department of
of China†s food demand to 2050, conference paper, 44th ABARES Outlook conference Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences.
Review of the Demand Driven Funding System-Final Report KPMG. (2010. CGE Analysis of the Current Australian Tax system:
Food Demand to 2050 Opportunities for Australian Agriculture. ABARES. Canberra: Commonwealth of australia Lloyd, P. 2007). 100 Years of Tariff Protection in Australia.
the demand for competent personnel provides challenges for the education system international surveys have shown norwegian pupils to be less proficient in reading and
been internationalised. this demands that we are able to keep up with developments and that we internationalise our knowledge and education system
extend the duration of the demand-driven innovation and business development in the health sector to ten years,
ï Market demand ï New technologies, services, ideas ï Vital contracts and partners ï Sustaining internal capabilities
ï Bad quality of resources have a negative impact on the demand ï A market analysis is very important to decide what resources should be used in order to pro
ï Not taking into consideration the internal feedback of demand to production will result either in
-spond to objective demands "Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES "-4. 1. Foundations of generating ideas
Improved site management methods help meet growing demand Brief Golden West Foods operates the UK warehousing and delivery system for one of the largest chains of
To satisfy this growing demand Andrzej Szarski founded ASMET in 1989. The company†s vision was established at its birth.
at times of peak demand. ASMET employs nearly 90 people. The company is accredited to ISO 9001
range, although there is still a demand for exhaust systems for older cars and we keep many in stock.
Others can be produced on demand with short production runs from as few as 20 pieces.
-ment, plus large numbers of items requiring inventory, continuously changing demand models, etc it is
Demand for items can also occur in many ways. Items may be with -drawn from inventory by the thousand, by the dozen or unit-by-unit
-tain types of products while others expect immediate service on demand. Taking into account all the
capacity constraints and projected demand pattern, established by a long-range plan, and ration avail -able resources to meet demand as effectively and as profitable as possible.
Even though basic pro -duction capacity is fixed essentially by long-range considerations, production capacity can be in
ï High value (high demand), undamaged recovered reusable components ï Additional processing (cleaning, inspection, upgrading, reassembly,
spending money for products with low demands. This is where the company starts to spend its mar
Shifts will be organized according to demand. There are 200 places available per day Domains: car manufacturer http://www. bized. ac. uk/virtual/vla/index. htm
ï Increasing demands on quality ï Increasing complexity, dynamics and technology etc are great challenges for innovation strategies of the enterprises which in turn lead to complex
ï High demands on the specific subject skills but also on the methodical and social competence
any demand-oriented training management. By applying needs assessment, one turns away from supply-oriented training, at the same time making it possible to turn towards staff member orientation
-ment, keeping up-to-date with the latest technology advancements, customer demands, new product or process standards, management techniques,
-panied by a worldwide globalisation of industry and puts special demands on enterprises in competi
in its line of business, about demand, preferences of its customers †everything else and possibly even more †since it is important to be always at least one step ahead of others.
products better suited to market demands and thus bring more success In practice, however, the resource constraints coupled with market uncertainties (and a
abroad in the form of demand for localized products in fast-growing markets. More and more people in emerging economies are having financial resources to buy high-end
or services to meet new market demand, introducing new processes to improve productivity, developing or applying new marketing techniques to expand sales
demands that is the main player between the individual and organizational knowledge B. Growth Researchers normally evaluate a company†s ability based
materials and promotion to the demand and to better reach the target group. In particular, the development should follow the recommendations of the
and should follow the target group†s demand for initial IPR services as established e g. through analysis of helpline requests, or feedback
Depending on the demand of the target group the activities may be provided in the most demanded EU languages.
methodologies and they have to be driven demand, launched at the moment agencies themselves recognise the need to revise programme formats.
competing demands on time †notably associated with family responsibilities †and limited access to finance
In general, â€oeunderinvestment†relative to others may be due to demand factors perceived market size, consumer tastes, etc.
demand different skills and indeed a different organizational structure and culture both within the management of SMES and the consultants that can help them
and meeting these demands by improving productivity has nearly run its course Adding or substituting service revenue can mitigate against some or all of these factors
Services demand closer relationships with customers, sometimes requiring regular on-site engagement. These interactions can uncover unmet needs,
or possible future demands for products and services that would not normally be encountered with a more â€oearms-lengthâ€
franchisee gets access to the database on demand when a customer need is defined. This provides the formula for the optimum cleaner components
TSD demands significant shifts in culture, management methods, behaviors, etc Section 5 of this report will deal with the challenges of transitioning from a product-centered
a scalable initiative that meets a number of new demands including •Maximizing the use of the scarce consulting resources available to help SMES
Discusses how customer demands shape the allocation of resources in innovation. Also discusses innovation differences in innovating to meet existing customer needs vs
The global demand for innovative products in knowledge-based industries is high and growing rapidly;
while demand for skilled workers has exploded. 6 11. Given the shift in comparative advantage towards more knowledge based economic activity
given industry†s underlying technological conditions, scale economies, and demand. Where scale economies are important,
conflicting customer demands is a delicate strategy that only a very flexible enterprise, which has both
demands. But doing so requires skilled labour, and high investments in human capital â'Continual innovation.
Manufacturers make sophisticated and ever changing demands, which push suppliers to provide a continuous stream of incremental innovations.
exposed to different consumer demands, networking with foreign collaborators, and above all accessing novel sources of knowledge, clearly makes FDI an important element of the panoply of strategies open to
evaluate the costs or demands of the service provider as a relatively neutral third party. SMES
the altermondialist demands since the mid-1990s A parallel can be established here with the social resistance mentioned by Veblen.
of innovation and is currently reemerging as the most common instrument of demand -side innovation policies in Europe, with a particular impact in SMES.
The buying agency simply uses its own demand or need to influence or induce innovation;
and represent the demand for data to support policy development. Therefore, these projects are not about GPS,
and low demand and high public deficits. And innovation is seen thus a key to restart
At the same time, the crisis has exposed also the vulnerability of global value chains to demand and supply shocks and has forced also OECD governments to look more closely at where economic value is
or the demand side of the innovation activities from idea generation to market uptake. However, the concept seems to rely on the existence of some preconditions and
economic situation characterised by low economic demand, falling tax revenue, fiscal pressures related to the financing of health and pension systems and shrinking public budgets.
Demand factors. It has been suggested that an expansion of an economy†scientific and technological capacity will not endow it the needed productive dynamism
unless there is an adequate demand for innovation by the business sector (Rodrik D.,2004. Furthermore, demand factors such as the level of human capital and income per capita of a
therefore, affect demand of goods (Linder, 1961 INNOVATION-DRIVEN GROWTH IN REGIONS: THE ROLE OF SMART SPECIALISATION
may have disproportionally larger effects on relative factor demands and relative prices across countries than changes
This demands inter -regional co-operation between different authorities. It also brings new challenges to national
•Using demand-side instruments, such as, public procurement policies oriented towards the promotion of innovation and the development of new markets:
and innovation support, adaptation of regulation, demand side policies, etc. In Flanders, the lack of a coherent approach to health care) innovations from various ministries is an example
the shorter-term articulation of demands by members, FISCH develops roadmaps for the mid-term future
The LED sector focused on domestic demand because various sectors such as automotive and handheld devices have great potential for market expansion and local
supply chains to increase demand, localize production of intermediate goods and internationalize R&d cooperation and marketing.
difficulties are shrinking domestic demand and weak local linkages. Further, local industry finds itself constrained by its small-firm size and low levels of technology;
•Sophisticated demand structure •Strong Position in International Trade •Competitive subcontractors and suppliers
•Increase in domestic demand •Newly emerging opportunities within the global markets and neighbouring countries
•Inconsistency of demand due to sudden and high increases in taxes rates •Noncompetitive support legislation compared to
-emergences in response to the changing demands of its global market. The United kingdom is also
removing uncertainty about demand, and provides †early adopter†market insights to those who participate
The aim of the CRA was to map product technology demands to R&d needs. Research was
and quality of innovation demand across the business sector. Local enterprises typically compete in market segments of standardized goods and services with high price elasticity and increasing competition from
there is a growing demand among business people as well as economic development professionals for an elaborated national innovation strategy that covers the whole ecosystem
the capability of advisory bodies and stakeholders to define the social demand for RDI policy
increase the effectiveness of public support (support for a lower number of projects, stimulating demand
Demand led policies for smart specialisation are used not widely in our set of case studies. In the case of the low carbon automotive sector in the United kingdom, the
In the same vein, supporting these niches demands a synergetic approach from different fields of
) This will help to broaden the traditional, linear-oriented innovation policies with demand-side instruments, such as public procurement policies oriented towards the promotion of innovation and the
emergence of demand for innovations •Besides science or technology driven innovation, which other forms of innovation/economic
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011