To promote new emerging economic activities through research and innovation to create and develop new market niches
real, solid drivers for economic growth Figure 5. Parameters for Defining RIS3 Choices Governments are required to draw up a document setting out their regional strategies
2. To promote new emerging economic activities through research, creativity and innovation in order to create and exploit new market niches
To promote new emerging economic activities through research and innovation to create and develop new market niches
4. Potential to generate new economic activity and employment, based on such factors as intensive use of labour and current growth of leading companies
to provide tools to explore new economic activities based on a market opportunity, a technological need or new knowledge generated through cooperation by stakeholders
role in the emergence of new economic activities, improving the efficiency of production processes and reorienting the production system towards segments of greater added
and its dissemination in the economic system are therefore, key to the competitiveness of companies in a given territory.
-R&i as a driver for economic growth -Quadruple helix public-private cooperation -Critical mass -International competitive advantage
-Generation of new opportunities for economic activity and employment -Efficient use of resources (green economy There follows a description of the general characteristics of each of these tools (T) and
RIS3CAT promotes new, emerging economic activities based on market opportunities technological need or new knowledge generated through cooperation amongst stakeholders from
public investment in the research system and promoting its transfer to the economic system The RIS3CAT framework supports platforms specifically designed to implement the technologies
promote economic growth, enhance business competitiveness and generate quality employment Support for businesses and job creation are,
uses broadband infrastructure to connect companies and institutions in sectors of economic activity that use advanced ICT services within their process value chains to generate added value and
the Directorate General for Economic policy and Promotion, attached to the Ministry of Economy and Knowledge;
To promote new emerging economic activities through research and innovation to create and develop new market niches
real, solid drivers for economic growth Figure 5. Parameters for Defining RIS3 Choices Governments are required to draw up a document setting out their regional strategies
2. To promote new emerging economic activities through research, creativity and innovation in order to create and exploit new market niches
To promote new emerging economic activities through research and innovation to create and develop new market niches
4. Potential to generate new economic activity and employment, based on such factors as intensive use of labour and current growth of leading companies
to provide tools to explore new economic activities based on a market opportunity, a technological need or new knowledge generated through cooperation by stakeholders
role in the emergence of new economic activities, improving the efficiency of production processes and reorienting the production system towards segments of greater added
and its dissemination in the economic system are therefore, key to the competitiveness of companies in a given territory.
-R&i as a driver for economic growth -Quadruple helix public-private cooperation -Critical mass -International competitive advantage
-Generation of new opportunities for economic activity and employment -Efficient use of resources (green economy There follows a description of the general characteristics of each of these tools (T) and
RIS3CAT promotes new, emerging economic activities based on market opportunities technological need or new knowledge generated through cooperation amongst stakeholders from
public investment in the research system and promoting its transfer to the economic system The RIS3CAT framework supports platforms specifically designed to implement the technologies
promote economic growth, enhance business competitiveness and generate quality employment Support for businesses and job creation are,
uses broadband infrastructure to connect companies and institutions in sectors of economic activity that use advanced ICT services within their process value chains to generate added value and
the Directorate General for Economic policy and Promotion, attached to the Ministry of Economy and Knowledge;
•Economic growth below the national average •Decline in per capita GDP in comparison with the national average
•Cuts in R&d funds and investment due to the global economic crisis •Cuts in Education/training funds/investment due to the global
economic crisis •Emigration of talented and highly qualified personnel •International and National Financial uncertainty
Europe is facing major economic challenges that require an ambitious economic policy for the 21st century.
crucial part of Europe's response to the economic crisis. So is having a strategic and integrated
and aims to deliver sustainable economic growth and social benefits from Information and Communication Technologies (ICT.
knowledge resources and linking them to a limited number of priority economic activities countries and regions can become â€
economic system is considered often in isolation •They are not in tune with the industrial and economic fabric of the region;
critical in the current economic crisis where public and private financial resources are scarce The smart specialisation concept therefore promotes efficient, effective and synergetic use of
to boost economic growth and prosperity 14 For more information about previous innovation activities funded by the EU,
wide view of innovation that spans across economic activities and involves many sectors of the civic society
22 Neffke F. and Svensson Henning M. 2009), Skill-relatedness and firm diversification, Papers on Economics and
Jena Evolutionary Economics Group, Max Plank Institute of Economics 23 Henning M.,Moodysson J. and Nilsson M. 2010), Innovation and Regional Transformation:
of innovation for job and economic value creation The elaboration of the overall vision for the future requires the identification of the combined
i e. why the instrument is perceived as important for economic growth, what are the challenges and barriers,
Evolutionary economics Economic geography Policy Experimentation RIS-RITTS 1994-2004 Innovation Union self-assessment tool Regional Innovation Monitor
regional specialisation patterns and compare economic activities, including agriculture, and strengths with other regions in the EU
Universities dealing with economics, public policy and administration, as well as those dealing with specific policy areas (such as industry, health, agriculture, environment and culture) can
Information and communication technologies (ICT) are a powerful driver for economic growth innovation and increased productivity.
Its aim is to deliver smart, sustainable and inclusive economic growth through the realisation of the digital single market and the exploitation of the potential for
services spurring innovation, increased competitiveness and economic growth. For instance copyright rules are based nationally and therefore prevent the full harnessing of the digital single
economic growth and employment and strengthening the competitiveness of the EU economy They bear enormous market potential.
•are vital for the emergence of new economic activities and the creation of new and
in the delivery of many services of social and economic value. In this regard, it has a pivotal role
Ireland has been left with significant challenges following the economic crisis. The economy is estimated to have shrunk in GNP terms by almost 18 per cent over the period 2007-2012 with
work of rebuilding The irish economy, achieving sustainable economic growth, strong public finances, and enduring job creation. â€oeafter exiting the EU IMF Programme,
Ireland†s future economic growth. Evidence demonstrates a positive correlation between entrepreneurship and economic performance in terms
economic growth, and the fact that the former distinction between these activities has become increasingly blurred.
the transformation of the economy to a more sustainable basis for economic growth for the future, for example as set out in Making It Happen.
Ireland has been left with significant challenges following the economic crisis. The economy is estimated to have shrunk in GNP terms by almost 18 per cent over the period 2007-2012 with
work of rebuilding The irish economy, achieving sustainable economic growth, strong public finances, and enduring job creation. â€oeafter exiting the EU IMF Programme,
Ireland†s future economic growth. Evidence demonstrates a positive correlation between entrepreneurship and economic performance in terms
economic growth, and the fact that the former distinction between these activities has become increasingly blurred.
the transformation of the economy to a more sustainable basis for economic growth for the future, for example as set out in Making It Happen.
the economic crisis, the level of funding plummeted to around 0. 3%of the GDP. Business
However, funds were slashed soon after the onset of the economic crisis. Around a third of the projected RDI budget was disbursed actually.
as a large selection of data on the economic value added, on scientific collaborations and results, on societal needs, global trends etc. in the shortlisted smart specialization fields.
and excellence in doctoral and postdoctoral research in Romanian economics science domain†REFERENCES Aerts, K.,Schmidt, T. 2008.
International Review of Economics and Finance, 19,180-188 Hausmann, R.,Hidalgo, C a.,Bustos, S.,Coscia, M.,Chung, S.,Jimenez, J. et al,(2011.
Journal of Comparative Economics, 39,176 -190 Martinez-Roman, J. A.,Gamero, J.,Tamayo, J. A. 2011.
Economic activity (Participation) and Unemployment by Level of Educational Attainment -West Region (2009)..23 Figure 9:
facilitating the development of new economic activities through entrepreneurship and experimentation. 1 II. Romania†s West Region is developing a smart specialization strategy, assisted by the World
Since the late 1990s the region has experienced rapid economic growth, which has delivered rising real wages and commensurate improvements in productivity.
and a high concentration of economic activity and exports. A number of challenges must be overcome to shift the region†s productive system towards higher value added activities and accelerate
Second, economic activity is concentrated in a handful of sectors that represent about half the region†s turnover and employment,
knowledge-driven approach to economic growth that: builds on existing comparative advantages; helps develop new activities in places where a strong comparative advantage might arise;
larger contribution of the knowledge factor to economic growth. 2 3. Against this backdrop, this report constitutes the final part of the assessment conducted
iii) evaluated the linkages between economic activity, trade and location in order to identify the challenges of further developing
Economic activity rate (2011; Source: Eurostat 5 Data for 2010; Source: Eurostat 6 Persons aged 25-64 with tertiary education attainment(%;
encouraging economic growth in EU Member States and their regions 17. The Cohesion Policy follows three main drivers.
The region has experienced rapid economic growth which has delivered rising real wages supported by commensurate improvements in productivity
Economic activity (Participation) and Unemployment by Level of Educational Attainment-West Region 2009 Source: Calculations based on data from INS:
sectors, suggesting that economic growth is likely to be balanced more, i e. evenly spread among different parts of the economy
Fruits of economic growth were distributed not evenly across the region 45. The fruits of economic growth and convergence with Europe were distributed not evenly
across the region. Already substantial inequalities in economic and social outcomes were exacerbated sharply over the past decade.
Income disparities are linked to the concentration of population and economic activity in the main urban areas. While the cities of Arad (and its eastern and western fringes) and Timiè oara
for relatively less economic activity than their population would suggest. Overall, value added per capita in the urban localities of the West Region stood in 2010 almost 2. 4 times greater than that in rural
Economic activity is concentrated increasingly by sector, firm size and firm ownership 56. Economic activity in the West Region is concentrated in a handful of sectors that represent
about half of the region†s turnover and employment25. According to the World bank report â€oecompetitiveness of West Romania Firms:
employment in 2010 and the concentration of the West Region economic activity around them has increased between 2008 and 2010.26
the development of new economic activities through measures which support entrepreneurship and experimentation, the current chapter proposes areas for policy action both on a horizontal level
strategy is to promote the role of the knowledge factor in economic growth, and to act as a flexible
but not to focus on specific economic activities 81. Each cluster has its own constraints and specificities that will shape the future development of
for the construction sector have decreased steadily since 2008 as a result of the economic crisis. As a result of the retrenchment in private sector investment,
main bottlenecks for economic growth. Horizontal policy areas (outlined below) represent obstacles to economic development which have a significant impact on growth at the regional level and across
specialization strategy is to expand the role of knowledge and innovation in economic growth, rather than to try â€oeoutsmarting†the market
Fruits of economic growth not distributed evenly across the region income, wage and export disparities The region the region faces
Economic activity is increasingly concentrated by sector, firm size and firm ownership Export performance is very
them a real economic value by integrating them into attractive tourism circuits. The local administration can identify and promote projects to rehabilitate the historical sites
advantages, the region has experienced rapid economic growth which has delivered rising real wages supported by commensurate improvements in productivity.
Third, economic activity in the region is concentrated in a handful of sectors that represent about half of the region†s turnover and
knowledge factor to economic growth 194. The identification of the region†s comparative advantage assumes a key role in the
Economics and Technology), the Kfw and German industry (ALTANA, BASF, B. Braun, Robert Bosch, CEWE Color
characteristics either of concentration of economic activity, as it is Timisoara-Arad conurbation, or areas lagging behind the rest of the region,
concentration of economic activities Integrated Territorial Investment Jiu Valley. Jiu Valley can become a flourishing area if
promoting economic growth in the region, the following priorities can be identified in a common development strategy at the level of the two counties
economic growth and creation of new working places †one of the main instruments identified was the development of a knowledge based economy corroborated with
of economic growth perspectives in general, broadband internet development continued at EU level with an increase of 19,23%during July 2007-July 2008.
â€oeict and the Global Economic crisis: Current Situation and Future Perspectives†3-5 may 2010 Geneva, Switzerland
1. The global economic crisis and ICT The financial crisis has affected not only financial institutions but also governments at all levels, companies and consumers throughout the world
In these challenging times of global economic crisis, the extraordinary capacity of ICT to drive growth
expansion and ability to induce a multiplying effect on economic growth, particularly through the great potential of fostering the development of other sectors,
economic crisis by creating jobs. Although the broadband infrastructure in Romania is developed well in major cities due to private investment,
N-Economics. June 2012 SOCIO ECONOMIC DIAGNOSIS Population and territory Information Society
    The  Smart  Grids  Debate  in  Europe
 Economics  Ià W  in  Germany  1989- †2004 Â
*Full professor of Applied Economics, University of Basque Country (infyde@infyde. eu **Phd Researcher, INFYDE (jonatanpaton@infyde. eu
takes place at a territorial level in economic activities, scientific areas and technological domains that are potentially competitive and generators of new
scientific areas and economic activities) where the region is competitive The search for opportunities through the exploitation of the territorial related
Journal of Business and Economics Del Castillo, J. & Paton, J. 2012. Entrepreneurial discovery process in the Basque Country:
economic growth. Regional Studies 41 (5: 685†97 http://dx. doi. org/10.1080/00343400601120296 IPTS (2012) â€oeguide to research and innovation strategies for smart specialisation RIS3€
Bilbao. 9th conference developments in Economic theory and policy †EHU/Cambridge. June 2012 Paton, J. 2013) Smart Specialisation and RIS3:
economic policy •Main objectives †The structuring of the territory, through infrastructure and telecommunications services
Both in Asturias and Spain there has been a widespread decrease of economic activity, with the construction sector most affected with a reduction in employment of around 40%.
b) High concentration of economic activity in the industrial sector c) Strong presence of foreign industrial investment with decision centers outside of Spain
El grupo de trabajo Sport and Economics de la UE ha desarrollado la Vilnius Defin
El grupo de trabajo Sport and Economics de la UE ha desarrollado la Vilnius Defin
El grupo de trabajo Sport and Economics de la UE ha desarrollado la Vilnius Definition
affected by the economic crisis, with a rate of 19.7%in 2012. Although it is a negative indicator, the value remains
but during the past 3 years the economic crisis had a dramatic impact on this indicator, and
Evolution of economic growth and convergence with the European union 4 B SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: A PRIORITY FOR THE REGIONAL GOVERNMENT OF
Figure 2. Annual economic growth rate in Castilla y Leã n, Spain and Europe. Gross Value Added at basic prices
States and its impact on economic growth. In order to reverse this situation, it was concluded that European regions needed to identify technological patterns of knowledge
minor annual economic growth. In 2012, specifically, only 68%of companies with fewer than 10 employees had compared computers with 71.6%at the national level.
for companies and economic activities related to ICT and excessive disintegration of projects •Productive fabric primarily consisting
for generating new economic activity and an innovative expansion, starting from development of existing internal resources
Beginning with the regional specialisation, boosting both existing economic activities and generation of new activities through diversification is sought.
c Catã lica Lisbon School of business and Economics, Palma de Cima, 1649-023 Lisboa, Portugal a r t i c l e i n f o
The Economics of Innovation and Corporate Strategy. MIT Press, Cambridge MA Arora, A.,Gambardella, A.,1990.
Proceedings of the Conference on Economics of Technology Policy, Monte Veritã, Switzerland Cohen, W. M.,Klepper, S.,1991.
The Economics of Industrial Innovation. Pinter, London Frietsch, R.,Neuhã¤usler, P.,Jung, T.,Van Looy, B.,2014.
The economic value of patented inventions: thoughts and some open questions. Int. J. Ind. Organ. 31 (5), 626†633
economic growth and adaptation, it is vital to have incremental innovation from the broader bulk of
Innovation is one of the most fundamental processes underpinning economic growth, the driver of growth in output per unit of labour and capital invested,
entrepreneurship and SME activity and economic growth and job creation. These growth and job creation effects happen through innovation,
with more rapid economic growth (Audretsch and Thurik, 2001; Audretsch and Keilbach 2005; Acs et al. 2005;
relevance to the recovery from the global financial and economic crisis since it is clear that
factor behind the bulk of economic growth, the growth that is not due to additions to capital and labour stocks.
Some of the ideas driving economic growth may be the result of scientific breakthroughs in large firms and universities,
sector has seen a dramatic rise in its share of economic value added in recent years (rising
the consequences of the global financial and economic crisis, which has opened up a gap for the entrepreneurial supply of social goods and services
is more on firm strategy and competitiveness than aggregate economic growth â The entrepreneur as a breakthrough innovator.
and economic growth. However, unlike Schumpeter (1934), who took the entrepreneur rather than the large firm to be the central actor in innovation,
the creation or expansion of economic activity, by identifying and exploiting new products, processes or markets
value, through the creation or expansion of economic activity, by identifying and exploiting new products, processes or markets
It is oriented this innovation activity that promotes economic growth and solves social problems In order to understand more fully how start-up enterprises
economic growth. There is also an indirect impact, since the mere competitive threat of new and small firms,
economic growth. Investments in new knowledge are seen to spill over in part to other agents, increasing their returns to innovation and driving further investment and growth
explains part of the link between entrepreneurship and economic growth through their role in promoting knowledge spillovers.
most pronounced in periods of economic crisis and recovery, as the global economy is SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 201038
and Entrepreneurship in Endogenous Growthâ€, Centre for Economic policy Research Discussion Paper No. 4783, Centre for Economic policy Research:
London Acs, Z.,D. Audretsch, P. Braunerhjelm and B. Carlsson (2005), â€oegrowth and Entrepreneurship: An
Empirical Assessmentâ€, Centre for Economic policy Research Discussion Paper 5409, Centre for Economic policy Research, London Acs, Z.,P. Braunerhjelm, D. Audretsch,
and B. Carlsson (2009), â€oethe Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurshipâ€, Small Business Economics, Vol. 32, pp. 15-30
Ahmad, N. and A. Hoffman (2008), â€oea Framework for Addressing and Measuring Entrepreneurship†OECD Statistics Working papers, 2008/2, OECD Publishing, Paris, doi:
Audretsch, D.,M. Keilbach and E. Lehmann (2006), Entrepreneurship and Economic growth, Oxford University Press, Oxford
Max Planck Institute of Economics, Jena Etzkowitz, H.,L. Leydesdorff (2000), â€oethe Dynamics of Innovation:
Evidenceâ€, IFN Working Paper 733, Research Institute of Industrial Economics, Stockholm Hirst, P. and J. Zeitlin (1992), â€oeflexible Specialization versus Post-Fordism:
and Financingâ€, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 77, No. 1, pp. 55-65
Firm Formation and Economic growth Paper No. 1, Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation WASHINGTON DC Stuart, T. 2000), â€oeinter-organisational Alliances and the Performance of Firms:
Entrepreneurship, Economic growth, and Policyâ€, in Z. Acs D. Audretsch and R. Strom (eds. Entrepreneurship, Growth,
Rev. 3 for the classification of economic activities (see Annex 2. A1 The breakdown of enterprises by size class used by national bureaus of statistics varies
As a part of the government strategy to promote economic growth, a National Innovation for Competitiveness Council (CNIC) was established in 2005.
enhancing the resilience of Indonesia†s SMES, faced with the economic crisis of 1998 and the financial
economic activity. The first type illustrates the basic characteristics of firm spatial distribution based on quantiles; the second type is built from a statistical algorithm for
b) an economic growth indicator (average rate of turnover; c) an employment growth indicator (average rate of employment growth;
complementary economic activities with a common science base is more conducive to innovation in terms of returns to R&d investments than narrow sector specialisation
Economics and Statistics, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 336-340 Adragna, S. and A. Lusardi (2008), â€oeexplaining International Differences in Entrepreneurship:
Auerswald, P. 2007), â€oethe Simple Economics of Technology Entrepreneurship: Market Failure Reconsideredâ€, in D. Audretsch,
Economics, Vol. 57, pp. 343-370 Edquist, C. 2005), â€oesystems of Innovation: Perspectives and Challenges†in J. Fagerberg, D. Mowery and
Evidenced by Patent Citationsâ€, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 108, No. 3, pp. 577-598
Lazear, E. 2005), â€oeentrepreneurshipâ€, Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 649-680
concentrates its economic activity. For a number of reasons, including geographical proximity to financial and administrative institutions, the place where the company sets
its core economic activities Besides location bias, other characteristics of commercial databases can indirectly alter the consistency of territorial data calculated from this sort of source
by classification variables (economic activity, firm size and location. Such a deviation potentially generates biased economic indicators.
economic crisis †and a renewed or new approach, not only to the new social challenges but
pursuing as a primary objective economic value and its appropriation) and social (primarily aiming at addressing and satisfying unmet social needs,
2. is shaped social entrepreneurship by social value rather than economic value? The answer would be that,
entrepreneurship is that the economic value serves social objectives. In this sense, social entrepreneurship creates â€oeblended value that consists of economic, social and
â€oethe financial and economic crisis makes creativity and innovation in general and social innovation in particular even more important to foster sustainable growth
The Bank has developed also an economic system that has an alternative micro credit line (for produc and consumers), incentive tools for local consumption (credit card and social currency) and new ways
as a response to the economic crisis. EUR 35 billion will be invested by the state and it is
economic activity by identifying and exploiting new products, processes of markets. It may occur through new business creation or within SMES, large firms and the public and non
environmental impacts from economic growth, and greening of consumption and production patterns, while reducing poverty and improving health and job prospects.
growth means making investment in the environment a new source of economic growth Green jobs Jobs that contribute to protecting the environment and reducing the harmful effects
Finance and Economics, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK Received 10 april 2013; final version received 28 august 2013
economic crisis hit vulnerable people particularly hard. Unemployment is acute among young people. Over one in two people aged 15†24 are out of work in Spain and Greece
and the skills gap may offer routes to inclusion, economic activity and financial independence for the most disadvantaged groups in the population.
We move on to the broader economy and economic policy. Some social innovation can be †and is delivered †in the framework of the market.
paradigm argues in general that markets are placed best to deliver economic growth and widespread prosperity. Thus Adam smith in 1759 coined the (much overused) phrase
that societal challenges offer new opportunities for economic growth. Key growth sectors for many European economies in the coming years will be health education and social
innovation that will deliver on its promise to create sustainable economic growth and benefit those groups of society
arrangements, macro-level economic policy, regulatory and legal frameworks, welfare regimes and modes of production. Countries have different kinds of ways to distribute
The Moral Consequences of Economic growth. New york: Vintage Fromhold-Eisebith, M. 2004. â€oeinnovative Milieu and Social Capital†Complementary or Redund
Britain. †Review of Economics and Statistics 89 (1: 118†133. doi: 10.1162/rest. 89.1.118
Ecological Economics. †Ecological Economics 32 (2: 319†332. doi: 10.1016/S0921-8009 (99 00112-3
Digital Networks & Social networks, isociety Alex Macgillivray, New Economics Foundation Downey, J, . & Mcguigan, J. ed)( 1999).
Journal of Production Research, International Journal of Production Economics, Industrial Management and Data systems, Technovation, and Journal of International Technology and
Internet Entrepreneurship and Economic growth
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