Innovation can occur in any sector of the economy, including government services such as health or education.
IPR Economies rely increasingly on knowledge-based competitiveness, and innovation is increasingly non-technological in nature.
Innovation, Research and Competence in the Learning Economy), Lund University, Sweden, 2012 6 †Community Framework for State Aid for Research and development and Innovation†published in the Official Journal of the
which was allocated to Innovation and the knowledge economy. The programme supports two types of projects:
boosting their economy and productivity therefore benefiting SMES. Furthermore the RIS3 are built upon the industrial and economic fabric of each region
building of a knowledge-based economy and to achieving the Europe 2020 objectives of new growth
-based economy regions Innohubs http://www. innohubs. eu Innovation Hubs Promotion of innovation in edge cities
between traditional economy and competitive economy PERIA *http://www. peria. eu /Partnership on European Innovation Agencies
Improvement of innovation services provided by the Regional Innovation Agencies ERIK ACTION http://www. eriknetwork. net/erikaction
Economy Exchange, sharing and transfer of E -government and Wireless Broadband good practices E-government
and the Knowledge Economy) project†s objectives were to â€oeimprove regional and local Innovation & Knowledge-Economy policies through the exchange, sharing and
transfer of E-government and Wireless Broadband good practicesâ€. It identified GPS specifically addressing the inclusion of online services and management In public Administrations, with the aim of
economy A Virtual Enterprise (VE) is a temporary alliance of enterprises that come together to share skills or core competencies
SMES, Fabrica Ethica has constructed a production process that makes the regional economy more competitive and able to differentiate its production on the basis of material and immaterial
importance for the regional economy. This action promoted innovation in the wood sector at a
innovation as well as the knowledge economy in the field of health It is interesting to note that the INNOHUBS project from the INTERREG IVC programme involved
economy and competitive economy Erik Action Upgrading the innovation capacity of existing firms Improvement of the capacities to increase
industries regions to knowledge based economy Project acronym Number of partners68 Country of the LP69
economy Theme: Innovation, research and technology development TYPE OF INTERVENTION Type of intervention: Regional Initiative
5 Germany Ministry of Science and Economy Saxony-Anhalt, Magdeburg 6 United kingdom Birmingham Technology Limited
economy Theme: Innovation, research and technology development TYPE OF INTERVENTION Type of intervention: Capitalisation Project
the main industrial systems in the Tuscan economy A Virtual Enterprise (VE) is a temporary alliance of enterprises that come together to share skills or core
production process that makes the regional economy more competitive and able to differentiate its production on the basis of material and immaterial quality.
Innovation and the knowledge economy Theme: Innovation, research and technology development TYPE OF INTERVENTION Type of intervention:
Innovation and the knowledge economy Theme: Innovation, research and technology development TYPE OF INTERVENTION Type of intervention:
Innovation and the knowledge economy Theme: Innovation, research and technology development TYPE OF INTERVENTION Type of intervention:
Innovation and the knowledge economy Theme: Innovation, research and technology development TYPE OF INTERVENTION Type of intervention:
Innovation and the knowledge economy Theme: Innovation, research and technology development TYPE OF INTERVENTION Type of intervention:
•Smart Specialisation †the Concept, Knowledge Economists Policy Brief nâ°9. Knowledge f or
information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences,
OF A TRANSITIONAL ECONOMY...113 Regional, national and international policies that have been decisive for prioritisation of domains...
A KNOWLEDGE BASED ECONOMY...118 Regional, national and international policies that have been decisive for prioritisation of domains...
one way to lead their economies out of the crisis by leveraging regional dynamism in innovation
raised concerns amongst economists and others inside and outside the EU policy circles (Pontikakis, D. et
specialisation†2. Invention of a GPT extends the frontier of invention possibilities for the whole economy
Indeed, the OECD has exhorted countries to â€oego structural†to make economies more competitive; to â€oego
of these goals by focusing on promoting structural change in the economy through investments in
innovation given the weight of agglomeration economies (OECD 2011. The smart specialisation approach responds to the need to better position regions/regional clusters in global value chains but also, for those
innovation against the background of important changes in the structure of OECD economies. These economic changes are the result of both long-term and structural trends (e g. the diffusion of ICTS, the
Smart specialisation is a industrial and innovation framework for regional economies that aims to illustrate how public policies, framework conditions,
economies †as well as emerging economies-restart economic growth by leveraging innovation led/knowledge-based investments in regions
But entrepreneurship in the knowledge economy recognises that value added is generated also outside sole ownership, in spillovers, in networks of complementarity and
in light of challenges such as demographic change and competition from emerging economies The second trend which has created a fertile ground for smart specialisation,
governments to tackle longstanding structural problems in their economies. Smart specialisation, both as an economic concept and a policy framework provides a novel avenue to pursue the dual objectives
have a high social value (development of the region†s economy), but the entrepreneur who makes this
economies Cluster policies Technology banks Public-private partnerships Innovation-oriented procurement Sectoral platforms SME support organisations
lower carbon economy was the environmental challenge of reducing CO2 emissions amidst an economic downturn The main objective of the smart specialisation strategy is to secure the environmental benefits while regenerating
in an increasingly globalised economy. Over the past two decades, globalisation has increased specialisation by creating opportunities for outsourcing and the development of global value chains.
economist David Ricardo and expanded in the 20th century by Hekscher and Ohlin also tells us that countries tend to
It is important to recall that in a global economy, changes in the factor endowments and in the specialisation
Moreover, changes in policy settings in countries with more rapidly changing institutions (e g. emerging economies
recognised as a relevant level of innovation policies given the weight of agglomeration economies (e g. the
governments to tackle longstanding structural problems in their economies. But restarting growth has also increased attention in countries about the need to preserve the margin for public investment in knowledge
and regional economies are increasingly interconnected. Governments may want to take the interregional and international dimension of the
economies lead the Grains Research and development Corporation to design its priorities to be compatible with other
STIE=Science, Technology, Innovation, Economy Source: ECOOM-Centre for Research & development Monitoring at Leuven University Additional limitations to data analyses arise
studies of the renewal of the Finnish economy and innovation environment. The study represents pioneering work in
National Innovation Strategy, the Ministry of Employment and Economy Corporate Strategy and Sectoral Strategies the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation Investment Strategy (Tekes) and the Regional Innovation
The Tekes 2008 strategic focus area paper â€oepeople-Economy-Environment †Choices for building the
of change and current challenges of the Finnish economy and industries. In accordance, it presents eight national
the aim to increase the competitiveness of the Finnish economy by: i) building a strong knowledge base network;
renewing the economy and creating new businesses; iii) increasing productivity in industries and the service sector
the growing interconnectedness of economies reenforce the need for increased regional and international collaboration and for a coherent alignment of policy
economies into more competitive, job-rich and sustainable ones Linking policy instruments to priorities Smart specialisation encourages an outcome-driven approach to policies.
Australian grains ecosystem is connected across the Australian and global economies the GRDC designs its priorities to be compatible with other regional, national and international drivers such as:
to create economic value for the Flemish economy; and iii) to help Flanders to obtain a strong position in
In the Flemish administration, the Department of Economy, Science and Innovation (EWI) has this responsibility.
economy is difficult to predict. Whether there are opportunities for new start-ups or technology exploitation for existing Flemish companies is too early to say as the foreseen technological breakthroughs
Economy policy and Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) policy. The topic of FISCH, sustainable chemistry, does fit Flanders†prioritisation policies very well.
example in the Whitepaper on New Industrial Policy (economy policy) and thus is a tangible intersection
between the innovation policy and the economy policy. Figure 2. 2 shows the priorities of all relevant
while Flanders†economy shows a clear specialisation in chemistry, the technological and scientific specialisation level is much lower:
Dutch economy, together with Seaport (Port of Rotterdam) and Airport (Schiphol Amsterdam. Brainport belongs to a select group of high performing high-tech clusters in Europe.
Brainport 2020, Top Economy and Smart Society is an ambitious regional vision, strategy and implementation programme for the
the Ministry of Knowledge Economy programmes because it focuses on technology development and commercialisation. Currently, Gwangju cooperates with the neighbouring provinces of Jeonnam and
General Secretary of Universities, Andalusian Ministry of Economy, Innovation, Science and Employment Definition of the ecosystem and its boundaries
Knowledge & Innovation based economy and in one of the engines of development. †This way the Plan
The automotive sector has been the pioneering sector of the Turkish economy in terms of exports and R&di capabilities.
Prepared under the coordination of the Ministry of Economy Turkey†s Export Strategy for 2023 aims
Higher education, Undersecretaries of the Ministry of Development and the Ministry of Economy, Undersecretary of Treasury, Chairman of the Turkish Atomic energy Authority, President of TÃOEBÄ°TAK and a Vice president, General
135,000 direct jobs and contributes some GBP 10 billion value-added to the United kingdom economy The United kingdom produces over one million cars annually,
the economy  OECD 2013 95 Notes 33 At the time, the department was known as the Department for Business enterprise and Regulatory Reform (BERR
Further they support the structural transformation of the Lower Austrian economy and promote the creation of a knowledge-intensive economy (European commission 2011.
Lower Austria is one of the regions not specializing on explicit lead sectors, but on functional priorities
departments and directorates for â€oeregional planning, the economy and rural development†(department economic affairs) and â€oeeducation and society†(department Research and development and Education
innovation and economy â€oepromotion agenciesâ€, owned by majority by Upper Austria, have been organized under the common roof of the newly founded Upper Austrian Innovation Holding Gmbh.
The regional economy of Upper Austria is characterized by its very strong industrial core. The strong
oriented economy. The active participation within the European union, the close cooperation with neighbouring and partner regions,
+Foray, D.,P. David and B. Hall,(2009) â€oesmart Specialisation †The Concept†Knowledge Economists
CONDITIONS OF A TRANSITION ECONOMY Pavel Csank, Petr Chlã¡dek and David Uhlã Å, South Moravian Innovation Centre, Brno and Jiå Ã Blaå ek
Republic, as well as other transitional economies in Central europe, is a FDI branch plant driven economy characterised by a relatively underdeveloped sector of knowledge-intensive business services
compared to the innovation leading economies. Key industries are dominated by multinationals†plants usually without strategic marketing, sales and R&d operations,
The economy of South Moravia is driven by firms concentrated in the regional capital (the city of Brno), a dynamic and innovative centre and the
economy within intricate global value chains. Research is global. It means that the best research
identify as many as possible narrow fields in which regional economy has significant position in the world market (e g. electron microscopes, cyber security SW.
The key lessons learned might be helpful primarily for the regions from other transitional economies
economy •The perspective and therefore ambitions must be global: As science, technology and labour
KNOWLEDGE BASED ECONOMY Marge Seppo and Urmas Varblane, University of Tartu, Estonia and Karin Jaanson, Ministry of
key technologies in other sectors of economy (particularly in traditional industry, energy sector, transport etc.)
be distinguished based on combined evaluation of structure of Estonian economy. During this evaluation the research structure and industry structure in Estonia, resources of Estonia,
of its economy. This is the result of the innovation system being focused on areas other than those that
dominate the Estonian economy today Scarcity of skilled human resources is currently and likely to remain a bottleneck for sustaining the
which is reflected directly in the small number of companies, lack of economies of scale or critical mass in many areas of research and in particular, is evident in the availability of
the overall aim to increase the competitiveness of the Finnish economy. This involved goals of building a
renewing the economy and creating new businesses; increasing productivity in industries and the service sector;
formed between the National Innovation Strategy, the Ministry of Employment and Economy Corporate Strategy and Sectoral Strategies, the Tekes †the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation
â€oepeople-Economy-Environment †Choices for building the future†represented the main linkage between regional and national strategies.
current challenges of the Finnish economy and industries. In accordance, it presents eight national (lead
versatile studies of the renewal of the Finnish economy and innovation environment. The study at hand
Efficiency of the Economy. Dynamic Poland 2020 The first regional foresight project (The technological foresight for sustainable development of the
Under the project 10 key technologies for future development of regional economy have been defined. The ten most promising technologies in terms of the regional potential have been grouped into
and is financed from the Operational Programme Innovative Economy Coordination activities to support smart specialisation Overall coordination activities have been carried out by the regional authorities of the Maå opolska
monitors the state of Maå opolska economy; iii) Maå opolska Social policy Observatory which monitors and
The regional economy has undergone many structural changes over the last 20 years, especially from low-tech manufacturing industries to medium-tech manufacturing industries and knowledge-based
•The role of universities in supporting transformation of regional economy: The example shows that important role in transformation of regional economy has been played by regional
universities, especially in the fields such as: ICT, multimedia and life sciences. Regional universities are engaged also in many initiatives aimed at addressing the main challenges in
discovery processes in an economy that lacks high levels of innovative assets to regions/nations with
economy/RIS. Precisely, measuring of impact then takes place at regional level, programme level and
of the potential agglomeration economies at system level †as a multiplicity of imitative local government
activities in some targeted domains that offer present or future strengths for the regional economy.
and the sector structure of the economy on the other hand. Diagnosing apparent strengths, weaknesses, fits and misfits will allow policy makers
of the population and the economy, the size of its R&d and research community and the technological
country or region with its RCA€ s for a specific technology-economy node, one can compare its
reaching their intended goal of transforming economies towards more competitive, job-rich and sustainable ones?
power on national and regional economies The OECD-TIP enquiry on smart specialisation governance Goal of the governance enquiry within the TIP project
Internationalisation of economy Potential to cope with societal†Strategic autonomy Potential for additional employment Potential for higher added value
•Reorienting the economy towards a knowledge-driven economy, ensuring renewal of the productive fabric both through transformation of existing companies/sectors and through the
•Protecting the advances that the economy has in certain fields, extending those areas where the
Overall the emphasis seems to be more on building on existing strengths to transform the economy
and across that field and the economy The frequency of use and roles of advisory bodies, high-level expert groups, hearings and polls
Within the RDTI field Between RDTI and economy Advis body Strategic council Round tables Intermi
Accordingly, it is estimated in this region that more than 50%of both regional R&d and economy budgets are dedicated to the priority areas
adoption of a shared vision for the transformation of a regional economy towards a more competitive and
promising for your regional economy in the upcoming decade •What upcoming threats and challenges do you see for the regional key economic sectors (and the
regional economy as a whole) in the next decade •How internationalised is your regional economy (i e. how export-oriented are the keys sectors
what is the level of foreign direct investment) †which sectors are most open in that respect?
•Does current academic education fit to the needs of the regional economy †do regional
& creative sector interact with the regional economy (i e do you have industry-science co-operations in you region, privately endowed chairs at
â€oethe Ministry of Economy does not want to prioritise sectors. Taking into account the new strategic document, we could observe that Ministry of Economy prefers more horizontal approach and the
selection of areas of specialisation is (or will be) based on bottom-up approach. Ministry of Economy prefers to talk
about lead markets or key technologies i e. identified in the project Insight 2030, rather than economic sectorsâ€
Searching for a Smart Specialisation, Under the Conditions of a Transition Economy Regional, national and international policies that have been decisive for prioritization of domains
Estonian research and innovation strategies †the roadmap towards a knowledge based economy Regional, national and international policies that have been decisive for prioritisation of domains
economy, innovation and creativity becomes a decisive factor in the economic activity because knowledge tends to be developed in the actual contexts.
development of the South african economy (Butcher 1999), and inextricably linked to economic ijcrb. webs. com
catalysts of activity for an entire economy (Chichoni, 2011), many of them fail. In Zimbabwe up
dream in Lowly Developed Economies (LDES) like Zimbabwe. According to Allocca and Kessler (2006), the ability to develop
towns are key drivers of the economy, contributing up to 85%of EU Gross domestic product (GDP Efficient urban transport is essential to the
and economic hubs in their national economies and for the EU in the global context.
and accompanying impacts on economy, society and the environment requires a change in mindset by both decision makers and transport users.
structural changes in our economy, the broadening of decision -making processes and the emergence of the network society,
-dented scale economies, built vast empires. Great fortunes were made. The government demanded that these powerful new monopolists be held accountable under antitrust law
Although by no means all economists agree with Shapiro and Hall, I still feel that these two authors made a salient point.
known among economists and innovation scientists as the †Solow Paradox†or the †Productivity Puzzle†6. In the European context, the term generally used is the
the economy. Over the last 20 years, exports of these products and services from the United
content of our economy is the observation that the weight of 1 dollar in American export
Dutch economy, it is still responsible for 25%of our economic growth 16. The enormous changes and issues this trend can bring about can be illustrated by the emergence of
it would seem that economists are still unable to make up their minds about this
Sustainability is another major issue in today†s economy. Major questions here: are economic performance and sustainability at right angles?
able to do for the economy and the society of the future As a follow-up to the above, there is the demand for management of the knowledge
primarily to the strength of the system components (politics, economy, science and technology, culture) but rather
economists assuming that structural changes in which knowledge plays an important role are under way in our economy.
Not only as a production factor, but also as a product and a service. One notable feature of knowledge is that knowledge is easier to
of established economists, these stories are dismissed generally as †old ideas parading as new onesâ€,
economists on this subject is apparently†as we read every day in the newspapers†still in the early stages 1, 51†54
economy in their models 58,59 Achieving substantial progress in terms of our understanding of innovation processes in
into the potential of new technologies for the economy and society, the appreciation thereof by several different parties, the consequences that result from realising these
Structural changes in the economy within sectors (agriculture between sectors (from agriculture to industry to services
6 OECD, Technology and the economy. The key relationships, Report of the Technology and Economy
Programme, OECD, Paris, 1992 7 European commission, Growth, Competitive Strength, Employment. Towards the 21st Century: Ways and
), Innovations Systems in the Services Economy: Measurement and Case study Analysis, Kluwer Academic Publishing, Norwell, MA, 1999, pp. 85†103
52 K. Kelly, New Rules for the New Economy, Viking Books US/Forth Estate, UK, 1998
This paper is based on his inaugural address and on the presentation †Impacts from Trends in Economy and
Therefore, firms need to achieve economies through specialisation (Demsetz, 1991. This may explains why firms usually prefer to concentrate
Economies et Sociã tã s 27 (5), 153†195 Lhuillery, S.,Templã, P.,1995. L†impact du C i. R. sur l†innovation
Economies et Sociã tã s 29 (9), 99†118 SESSI, 1996. L†innovation technologique dans l†industrie.
Economies of scope and the scope of the enterprise. Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organisation 1
or makes a significant contribution to the US economy through payment of taxes or use of American
owners/managers, SME employees and the economies in which the SME operates. High levels of innovation can facilitate firm
The SME sector is an important contributor to both the US and global economies. SME activity makes a significant
Innovation in small firms is essential for the continued dynamism of modern economies (Klapper, Laeven & Rajan, 2007
Economies of most nations are composed largely of small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMES) and their ability to
accessories in emerging economies. Section 3 offers a background to the (evolution of the) sector
However, many clusters in emerging economies are poverty-driven, with limited innovation potential (Knorringa and Meyer-Stamer 1998.
Innovation in home accessories in emerging economies As this study zooms in on innovation in home accessories in an emerging economy,
it is worthwhile to briefly consider its specificities First of all, it is important to realize that within home accessories innovation processes are
A second specificity is that most knowledge in emerging economies is derived still from global value chains (Mani and Romijn 2004.
A third specificity is that most local innovation systems in emerging economies are immature and
A fourth and last specificity is that the absorptive capacity of firms in emerging economies
systems and global value chains enable exporting firms in emerging economies to innovate and 2007, Chen et al 2011.
based on recent studies in emerging economies (Altenburg 2008, Fu et al 2011. They were adjusted after the qualitative survey
incomplete in emerging economies, they impact on innovation (Lundvall 2007 Case study approach The study applies an embedded single case study approach.
demand in emerging economies, including Indonesia itself, but still the main issue for many firms
It confirms that variation in absorptive capacity of firms in emerging economies explains variations in innovation levels
clusters in emerging economies (see for an overview Knorringa and Meyer-Stamer 1998. But it
economy, where variation in absorptive capacity of firms is large, it explains variation in innovation among firms.
Penetrating the``knowledge filter''in regional economies. The Annals of Regional Science 39 (3): 439-56
economies? 1. Policy Studies Journal 18 (3): 683-701 Bickford-Smith, V. 2008. Urban history in the new south africa:
and the knowledge economy. Industrial and Corporate Change 10 (4 -12-01): 945-74 Cooke, P. 2005.
economies: Technological change and catching-up. World Development 39,7), 10.1016/j. worlddev. 2010.05.009 Gaul 201.
the embeddedness of innovation in a regional economy Review of International Political economy 7 (4): 688-718
The Developing Economies 48 (4): 450-72 Tambunan, T."The Impact of the 2008-2009 Global Economic crisis on a Developing Countrry's Economy:
Studies from Indonesia"(Unpublished paper, No date Tambunan, T. 2006. Development of small-and medium-scale industry clusters in indonesia.
Creative economy report 2010. Geneva: UNCTAF UNCTAD. 2008. Creative economy report 2008. Geneva: UNCTAF UNIDO 1998.
Cluster diagnosis and action plan. Yogyakarta area. Leather goods cluster. UNIDO USAID 2006. Global market assessment for handicrafts, Washington:
Manufacturing in the new urban economy. London Routledge World bank, and IFC. 2012. Doing business subnational. doing business in indonesia.
Innovation in home accessories in emerging economies 3. Research methods Research design Case study approach Sampling
Two key questions for industry are â€oehow can economy and ecology be reconciled in corporate decision-making?
On the economy axis, the product is compared with alternative products in terms of overall costs, including material and energy
the national economy in terms of their sizeable contribution to GDP, employment generation, export performance, and achieving sustainable national economic development,
competitiveness of enterprises and economies. In the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, the rise of the
knowledge economy is evidenced by the growth in the knowledge-based industrial and service sectors which are growing faster than GDP, and thus
increasing their share in the overall economy. Despite the economic slowdown in recent years, the knowledge intensity of OECD economies continues to
increase and private sector investments in R&d continue to rise (OECD, 2003 The centrality of knowledge as a source of
stage of the knowledge economy. Statistics on patent applications and patent grants show a significant
Structural changes to the economy, increasing importance of intangible assets as a source of competitive advantage for firms, legal and
of SMES in the national economy in terms of their sizeable contribution to GDP, employment generation, export performance, and achieving
services sector in the economy of OECD countries have enhanced also the importance of the copyright
knowledge-based economy, it is their ability to use the IP system efficiently and effectively, which will
rights in a knowledge-based economy has begun to change the way national, regional and local
structural changes to the economies of OECD countries making it indispensable for companies and policy-makers to address new challenges.
Knowledge-based Economy (2000 c â'European Patent office, The EPO Guide to Patent Information on the Internet
â'OECD, Towards a Knowledge-Based Economy -Recent Trends and Policy Directions from the OECD (2002
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