continue to deliver its core role for a thriving European economy †in a user-oriented, safe and environmentally-friendly way
improves fuel economy by managing the fuel injection thermal systems and battery charge/discharge cycles
economies. Supporting interesting and innovative research projects in the field of transport is aâ great way to start
benefit the world economy. †New instruments Three such projects have been launched under FP7, taking advantage of the SICA (Specific International Cooperation
economy between 2003 and 2012. For Ireland, two measures of economic activity are employed, GNP and GDP.
Figure 7 highlights the shift from a manufacturing to service economy between 2003 and 2011
A Review and Audit of Licenses Across Key Sectors of The irish Economy Forfã¡s December 2012
Most commentary on Europe†s economy focuses on its precarious financial system and anemic employment recovery since the Great
nonprofit, and government) throughout the European economy Increasing productivity is the key way that countries can raise their per capita-income income.
throughout an entire economy, reshaping entire systems of production and distribution Raising productivity growth rates will be
increases to the economy without the adoption of ICT in other sectors. In addition, actions to encourage the ICT-producing sector may sometimes hurt ICT-using sectors, if
while ICT investment provides large benefits for the broader economy, the nature of these benefits makes them hard for any single firm to capture;
The irish productivity gap with the U s. economy shrank from 35 percent in 1995 to 17 percent in 2013
relative sizes of the EU-13 economies 2004-2013 Diverging Converging 1 9 9 5
effect†occurs when an economy shifts resources from less productive industries e g.,, call centers) to more productive ones (e g.,
And in today†s knowledge-based economy, the tools that are most ubiquitous and most
what economists call a â€oegeneral purpose technology†(GPT. GPTS have appeared historically at a rate of once every half
what economies produce; how they produce it; how production is organized and managed; the location of productive activity;
they increase in sophistication as they diffuse throughout the economy; they engender extensive spillovers in the forms of externalities and technological
different levels and sectors of economies, from firms to industries to entire economies, and in both goods-and services-producing industries. 38 Firm level studies have shown also that
First, in economies where ICT capital equipment innovations are new, they are able to pick off the â€oelow hanging fruit†of relatively easy to improve efficiencies
economists call â€oenetwork externalities, †which are the â€oespillovers†from adding additional users to a network.
Figure 7 shows contributions in both the total economy and private sectors for the EU-15
Corry et al. find that the contribution from the â€oeknowledge economy, †which includes labor composition, ICT capital,
economy EU-15 market sector USA total economy USA market sector Other (residual TFP (ICT-use
TFP (ICT-production IT investment/hour PAGE 14 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JUNE 2014
and economy-wide levels why has failed Europe to gain from ICT the way the United states has?
Recently, several prominent economists have argued that productivity growth in the United states is slowing down significantly for the foreseeable future.
size of the economy, they do not affect productivity or income per capita Productivity is what matters for competitiveness and for per capita-income income, so it
Moreover, the techno-pessimists stand in stark contrast to other economists arguing that technological change will soon be progressing too quickly
Economists see U s. ICT investment as a key reason the United states has maintained its place at the â€oetechnological frontier†as one of the most productive countries. 94 The
U s.)economy, â€oesubstantially higher productivity growth in manufacturing would not be sufficient†to remedy the productivity slowdown. 100 Mas argues that it is â€oethe services and
sectors of the economy (especially the ICT intensive users), in the EU-15 its positive effects
Scale Economies Two additional reasons European firms lag in their investment in ICT capital are related to
economy is larger than that of the United states, in practice it is integrated much less Therefore, the market for a firm†s products or services is limited more, often to only the
beneficial effects of the ICT sector for the broader European economy declined after the year 2000.149 Other recent evidence has shown that most of the productivity gains from
-country economies than ICT-producing sectors, so productivity gains in those sectors have a much larger effect on the whole economy. 150
There are many possible reasons why policymakers prioritize ICT industry growth over ICT usage. One is simply a misunderstanding of the true sources of ICT-related growth
the green economy for jobs, even though it will likely mean higher energy costs and lower
widespread adoption of ICT a policy priority across the entire EU economy. While it is
EU economy PAGE 27 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JUNE 2014 Focus on Raising Productivity Many European officials see increasing jobs,
or in applying IT to other sectors of the economy, and PAGE 28 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JUNE 2014
economy seeking success needs to prioritize â€oeacross-the-board†productivity growth strategies, rather than efforts to raise productivity by modestly expanding output in high
Economists have argued long that businesses under-invest in research, which is the rationale for governments instituting research grants and R&d tax
Economists have documented also significant market failures around IT investment, including network externalities and â€oechicken-or-egg†issues that slow digital
economy. For this reason, public policies should focus on spurring additional investment by organizations in the latest-generation ICT.
Some economists might question such policies, arguing that such tax incentives should only go to investments in areas like R&d where companies seldom capture all the benefits
firms in the economy in rhetoric and in policy. 173 For many policymakers, small firms have
come to represent everything good in the economy. Yet, on average large firms are more productive, pay higher wages, injure their workers less,
-growth â€oegazelle firms, †simply keep the share of the economy produced by small businesses
economy hurt productivity and income growth PAGE 31 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JUNE 2014
1. The Conference Board, Total Economy Database: January 2014 (total GDP EKS, labor productivity per hour worked EKS;
2. The Conference Board, Total Economy Database 3. Ibid 4. Ibid 5. Ibid 6. Mary O†Mahony and Bart van Ark, eds.
The Conference Board, Total Economy Database: January 2014 (Table 5 accessed April 2, 2014), http://www. conference-board. org/data/economydatabase
The Conference Board, Total Economy Database: January 2014 (total GDP EKS, labor productivity per hour worked EKS;
The Conference Board, Total Economy Database. Assuming 1. 6 percent productivity growth 21. Ibid. Assuming yearly productivity growth for EU-15 after 1995 was the actual rate for the United states
and Daniel Castro, The Internet Economy 25 Years After. com (Information technology and Innovation Foundation, March 2010
http://www. itif. org/publications/internet-economy-25-years-after-com; Matthieu PÃ lissiã du Rausas et
Robert D. Atkinson, The Past and Future of America†s Economy: Long Waves of Innovation that Power
U s. Economy and U s Economic Policy†(presentation at ITIF Breakfast Forum, July 15, 2008 http://www. itif. org/files/2008-07-15-lipsey. pdf
Economy, 2003 44. Daniel J. Wilson, â€oeit and Beyond: The Contribution of Heterogeneous Capital to Productivityâ€
) The Conference Board, Total Economy Database: January 2014 (Table 5; accessed April 2 2014), http://www. conference-board. org/data/economydatabase
Working Paper Series (Competitive Advantage in the Global economy (CAGE), 2012 http://ideas. repec. org/p/cge/warwcg/70. html
Bart Van Ark†â€oemeasuring the New Economy, An International Comparative Perspective, †Review of Income and Wealth 48 (2002:
http://www. itif. org/publications/how-ita-expansion-benefits-chinese-and-global economies 169. Thomas Baunsgaard and Michael Keen, â€oetax Revenue and (or?
179. â€oesmall Is Not Beautiful, †The Economist, March 3, 2012, http://www. economist. com/node/21548945
Economy: Long Waves Of Innovation That Power Cycles Of Growth (Edward Elgar 2005), and the State New Economy Index series.
Dr. Atkinson received his Ph d. in City and Regional Planning from the University of North carolina at Chapel hill
Scale Economies Management Differences What About the ICT-Producing Sector 153f154f What Does need Europe To do
23 Zuboff S. The emperor†s new information economy. In: Orlikowski W, Walsham G Jones M, et al, editors.
23 Zuboff S. The emperor†s new information economy. In: Orlikowski W, Walsham G, Jones M, et al, editors.
prevent regions from developing economies of agglomeration and positive spill overs. In order to overcome these problems of fragmentation, mimesis and lack of critical mass, great importance
because this sector encompasses large parts of the economy. Moreover, an important goal of smart specialisation is to stimulate R&i activities linking industry and research,
the concept, Knowledge Economists Policy Brief 9. Available online: http://ec. europa. eu/invest-in
Economy Papers, No. 197, OECD Publishing. http://dx. doi. org/10.1787/5k9bcwkg3hwf-en 25 To the extent that the price of broadband subsequently declines, 28 or that the quality
Countries with large Internet economies, including the United States, Japan and Germany, are receiving large benefits from broadband.
economy, with an ambitious target for universal broadband coverage with speeds of at least 30 Mbps for all Europeans by 2020. â€
fast broadband internet in the future network-based knowledge economy, with an ambitious target for universal broadband coverage with speeds of at least 30 Mbps for
ICT and the e-economy, EIB Papers, Volume 16, No 2 63 Figure 25: Cost of meeting DAE objectives with and without cable in various
ICT and the e-economy, EIB Papers, Volume 16, No. 2 Howell, B. and A. Grimes (2010:
in higher-income countries, emerging economies such as Brazil, China and India, for instance, are also beginning to introduce electronic medical records (EMRS) into their health systems
States differ with respect to size, economy, and health care challenges. Nevertheless, it is still important to present high-level ehealth analyses at the regional level as this reflects the organizational structure
The World bank classifies all economies with a population greater than 30 000 into four income groups based
economies and high-income countries as †developedâ€, for convenience Table A4 shows the survey response rate by World bank income group.
economy and absolutely indispensable to the EU. It is for this reason that now more
economy Although recognition of the importance of SMES can be seen as a step in the right
dynamic and competitive knowledge-based economy in the world by 2010 The goal of the Small Business Act is to improve the conditions for SMES in doing
It focuses on the fields of innovation and knowledge-based economy, environment and risk prevention
economy FP7 National Contact points (NCPS http://cordis. europa. eu/fp7/ncp en. html The National Contact Points are established by the 27 Member States as well as the associated states un
globalised economies in the world; although a small nation we are placed well to compete with
larger economies around the globe. However, as a globalised economy we know that we need
to continuously adapt and be creative to meet consumer demands and the needs of industry
of achieving a robust and dynamic economy. Investing in research, innovation and entrepreneurship is at the heart
and national economy Smart Specialisation Smart specialisation is a strategic approach based on more effective spending of public resources
Ireland is one of the most globalised economies in the world and is ranked first globally as the
Ireland is one of the most globalised economies in the world and is ranked first globally as the
economies in the world2 and is ranked first globally3 as the best country in which to do
the benefit of the local, regional and national economy 11 Research & Innovation Strategy for the Midwest Region of Ireland 2014-2018
diversifi cation of the knowledge-based economy into technologies, products and services that are closely related, thereby ensuring maximum benefi t from future investments in the Region
creation of a robust and dynamic economy Research, innovation & smart specialisation are recognised widely to be central elements in the
creation of a robust and dynamic economy 14 2. 1 European Policy Context 2. 1. 1 Europe 2020
greener and competitive economy •Inclusive growth, fostering a high-employment economy and delivering economic, social and territorial cohesion
Investing in research, innovation and entrepreneurship is at the heart of Europe 2020 and a crucial part of Europe†s
robust and dynamic economy. Both policy development and funding opportunities at a European and a National level are
It will invest up to â 351.8 billion in Europe†s regions, cities and the real economy,
employment creation across the economy The Action Plan for Jobs 2014 identifies building competitive advantage through innovation as a key
priority for stimulating The irish economy over the next five years 2. 2. 3 Forfã¡s Innovation Networks Report 2004
considered to be critical to the development of enterprise and economy in the region (Figure 2. 1
supporting the regional economy. These strong national-level designations illustrate the current strength and future development
and high-end employment, the economy of the Region is also highly dependent on the indigenous SME sector for growth and employment.
development and innovation to the benefit of the Regional and National economy •The Limerick School of art and Design †carries out a wide range of research activities in the Art
and to contribute to the regional and national economy 4. 4. 1 Enterprise Ireland (EI
in the Region for the benefi t of the wider economy. Cluster development and an open innovation
regional and national economy 5. 1 Smart Specialisation 5. 1. 1 What is Smart Specialisation
specialisation is to transform regional economies around new knowledge-based activity domains. Those domains are
to a broader set of sectors/actors in the economy. A cluster must be based around the core
all sectors of the regional economy. The proposed new working group of the RPG Implementation Steering committee will provide the governance mechanism necessary to ensure the implementation
Limerick 2030 sets out nine broad sectors which will drive the Limerick and Midwest economy
3. 2 The top five economies in each region and their ranking in the global IDI, 2013.85
of the larger economies, such as China, India, the Islamic Republic of Iran and Malaysia. Europe†s
overall pattern of their economies as a whole (in the European union, for instance, GDP increased in 2011 and decreased in 2012) 11 suggesting
ICTS, and are driving the information economy across the globe by providing online services and content, engaging in e-business at both
ICTS in the economy has been found to facilitate macroeconomic performance and business growth by increasing labour productivity
UNCTAD Information Economy Database, 2014, available at unctadstat. unctad. org P e rc e n
In addition, diffusion of ICTS in the economy has been found to facilitate macroeconomic performance and business growth by increasing
statistics in the areas of the economy, health education, labour, etc. all of which are crucial to
economy and the Partnership has contributed significantly to monitoring and tracking those changes, by developing new indicators and standards, providing technical assistance
society and economy, is used widely by countries in the course of their national ICT data collection.
than 100 economies worldwide, and data on Internet use in businesses by almost 70 countries,
official statistics on the economy, society and environment. Furthermore, administrative records, which are used widely by official
The Economist, April 12 2014, â€oenigeria†s GDP step change†13 Telefã nica, for instance, reduced its net debt by EUR 4 819 million in 2012 after several years of sustained increases in
if economies are not capable of exploiting new technologies and reaping their benefits Therefore, the IDI includes a measurement of the
were three economies that were identified as outliers, namely Hong kong (China), Luxembourg and Malta The reference value for mobile-cellular
No fewer than 104 economies of the 166 included in the IDI have passed the 100
countries/economies as compared with 157 in last year†s edition The remainder of the chapter is structured as
economy from Asia and the Pacific (Hong Kong, China)( Table 2. 2). Differences in IDI value
Economy Rank 2013 IDI 2013 Rank 2012 IDI 2012 Economy Rank 2013 IDI 2013 Rank 2012 IDI 2012
Economy Rank 2013 Access 2013 Rank 2012 Access 2012 Economy Rank 2013 Access 2013 Rank 2012 Access 2012
Economy Rank 2013 Use 2013 Rank 2012 Use 2012 Economy Rank 2013 Use 2013 Rank 2012 Use 2012
Economy Rank 2013 Skills 2013 Rank 2012 Skills 2012 Economy Rank 2013 Skills 2013 Rank 2012 Skills 2012
ten countries being high-income economies (see section 2. 3). 6 The following section looks at the
economy accounted for more than 5. 8 per cent of GDP, and it continues to grow.
The economy ranks in ninth position with an IDI value of 8. 28. Hong kong (China) is
-income economies. The launch of 3g was much anticipated in Thailand, following the long delay
of land area, size of the economy, population or geographic location. Indeed, adverse geography is cited often by economists to explain why
some countries are doing better than others in terms of economic development. 37 Jeffrey Sachs
the least connected, most notably such populous economies as India, Pakistan and Nigeria. In total, close to 2. 5 billion people
between IDI, the economy, geography and population, the following variables were selected for each country •Urban population:
domestic economy by nonresidents. GNI calculated in national currency, is usually converted to United states dollars at official
economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large
economy (measured by GNI p. c.).GNI levels are correlated also with other variables, such as population density and share of urban population
For example, some economies with small land areas such as Barbados, Bahrain Hong kong (China), Singapore, Monaco, Iceland and Luxembourg have high IDI levels, while
147 economies for which data were available for 2002 and 2013 shows that the global IDI value has doubled almost from 2. 52
same set of 147 economies in order to ensure comparability. Therefore, IDI 2013 values differ from what was presented in previous sections of this chapter
Simple averages based on 147 economies Source: ITU strong correlation between GNI p. c.,(most MDG indicators and IDI
and regional rankings of the top five economies in each of the six regions, in order to provide
economies from Asia and the Pacific also rank relatively high globally, all of them coming in the
The top five economies in each region and their ranking in the global IDI, 2013
Economy Regional rank 2013 Global rank 2013 IDI 2013 Global rank 2012 IDI 2012 Global rank
oil-rich, high-income economies and are part of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of
Economy Regional rank 2013 Global rank 2013 IDI 2013 Global rank 2012 IDI 2012 Global rank
Economy Regional rank 2013 Global rank 2013 IDI 2013 Global rank 2012 IDI 2012 Global rank
economies, including Australia, Japan, Macao China), Republic of korea and Singapore, had already reached very high levels of penetration
Economy Regional rank 2013 Global rank 2013 IDI 2013 Global rank 2012 IDI 2012 Global rank
Economy Regional rank 2013 Global rank 2013 IDI 2013 Global rank 2012 IDI 2012 Global rank
Economy Regional rank 2013 Global rank 2013 IDI 2013 Global rank 2012 IDI 2012 Global rank
of the economy of each country, thus pointing to the affordability of each ICT service at a country level
Based on 140 economies for which 2008-2013 data on fixed-telephone and mobile-cellular prices were available
Based on 140 economies for which 2008-2013 data on fixed-telephone and mobile-cellular prices were available
practices of other economies in the region, such as Kenya and Ghana, which have succeeded in
Rank Economy Fixed-telephone sub-basket GNI p. c USD 2013*Rank Economy Fixed-telephone sub-basket GNI p. c
USD 2013 *as%of GNI p. c. USD PPP$ as%of GNI p. c. USD PPP$
Rank Economy Mobile-cellular sub-basket GNI p. c USD 2013*Rank Economy Mobile-cellular sub-basket GNI p. c
USD 2013 *as%of GNI p. c. USD PPP$ as%of GNI p. c. USD PPP$
Based on 143 economies for which 2008-2013 data on fixed-broadband prices were available Source:
Based on 143 economies for which 2008-2013 data on fixed-broadband prices were available Source:
Based on 165 economies for which 2013 data on fixed-broadband prices were available Source: ITU
It is home to the economy with the most affordable entry-level fixed-broadband plans
Other high-income economies in the region such as Singapore and Japan †with fixed -broadband prices corresponding to 0. 4 and 0. 6
the region†s economies and therefore low GNI levels in the region. Half of the African countries
by the countries†relatively strong economies and therefore high GNI levels, coupled with their low
Rank Economy Fixed-broadband sub-basket Speed in Mbit/s Cap per month in GB
2013*Rank Economy Fixed-broadband sub-basket Speed in Mbit/s Cap per month in
Based on 119 economies for which data on mobile -broadband prices were available for the four types of plans
Based on 119 economies for which data on mobile -broadband prices were available for the four types of plans
Based on 119 economies for which data on mobile -broadband prices were available for the four types of plans
Based on 119 economies for which data on mobile -broadband prices were available for the four types of plans
Arab States, 29 economies in Asia and the Pacific, 10 countries in the CIS, 41 countries in Europe and 27 countries in The americas
Rank Economy Mobile-broadband postpaid handset-based (500 MB GNI p. c USD 2013 *Monthly data
Rank Economy Mobile-broadband postpaid handset-based (500 MB GNI p. c USD 2013 *Monthly data
Rank Economy Mobile-broadband prepaid handset-based (500 MB GNI p. c USD 2013 *Monthly data
Rank Economy Mobile-broadband prepaid handset-based (500 MB GNI p. c USD 2013 *Monthly data
Rank Economy Mobile-broadband postpaid computer-based (1 GB GNI p. c USD 2013 *Monthly data
Rank Economy Mobile-broadband postpaid computer-based (1 GB GNI p. c USD 2013 *Monthly data
Rank Economy Mobile-broadband prepaid computer-based (1 GB GNI p. c USD 2013 *Monthly data
Rank Economy Mobile-broadband prepaid computer-based (1 GB GNI p. c USD 2013 *Monthly data
economy as a whole, including the business sector. It is a measure of the value of the national
production of an economy, and is calculated in the context of national accounts. It is similar to
-middle-income economies by the World Bank: several Latin american countries Colombia, Dominican republic, Ecuador and Peru), two African countries (Angola
high-income economies in the region, in Cambodia, Nepal and the Philippines fixed -broadband prices represent more than 5
high-income economies (Australia and New Zealand) to unaffordable for a majority of the population in Bangladesh, Nepal and the
Simple averages for 140 economies with available data on fixed-broadband prices and competition for the period 2008-2013
Simple averages for 140 economies with available data on mobile-cellular prices and competition for the period 2008-2013
Descriptive statistics calculated for 124 economies that have complete data for the two models Source: ITU
13 developing economies would be a natural option with a view to boosting fixed-broadband
economies with higher percentage of urban population tend to have higher GNI p. c. This
Rank Economy IPB 2013 Fixed telephone sub -basket as a%of GNI per capita, 2013 Mobile-cellular sub
Rank Economy IPB 2013 Fixed telephone sub -basket as a%of GNI per capita, 2013 Mobile-cellular sub
3 GNI takes into account all production in the domestic economy (i e. GDP) plus the net flows of factor income (such as
39 Household disposable income or consumption figures are equivalized using the square root scale to account for economies
50 The mean HHI for fixed broadband is calculated as the simple average of the HHI of 139 economies for which price and
This includes 95 economies from the developing world and 44 from the developed world 51 The mean value of clusters 1 to 3 of the Regulatory Tracker is calculated as the simple average of the scores of 142
economies for which price and market share data were available for 2013. This includes 99 economies from the developing
world and 43 from the developed world 52 http://www. itu. int/en/ITU-D/Regulatory-Market/Pages/bestpractices. aspx
55 The mean HHI for mobile cellular is calculated as the simple average of the HHI of 140 economies for which price and market
This includes 96 economies from the developing world and 44 from the developed world 56 The coefficient of variation of fixed-broadband prices is compared 1. 7
recorded in the developing economies, where ICT penetration levels have increased and where big data hold great promise for development
penetration in developing economies is expected to reach 31 per cent by the end of 2014,
developed economies. In addition, as Internet penetration rates remain limited, Internet users are not yet) representative of the population
also in developing economies There are various examples of how mobile phone records have been used to identify
developed economies. Transportation systems are being fed with sensor data from a multitude of sources such as loop detectors, axle counters
the only one) in developing economies that contain behavioural information on low-income population groups
local economy (i e. economic shocks. One of the challenges has to do with operator sensitivity regarding revenue data and the difficulty this
both developed and developing economies Sobolevsky et al. 2013 However, telecommunication data are also revolutionizing the study of societal structures
personal data economy, and hosts consultations to deepen understanding of what type of trust frameworks are needed between individuals
levels of †datafication†in developing economies are still quite low. Where mobile-phone records are concerned, the large majority
Economist, Hal Varian, notes, â€oethere are often more police in precincts with high crime, but that
The behavioural economist Sendhil Mullainathan notes that inductive science (i e. the algorithmic mining of big data sources) will not drown out
NSOS from 200 economies, conducted by UNSC respondents identified the development and 203 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014
comparison with developed economies. Until such time as systematic capacity development yields proper rewards, it will remain essential
in developed economies. Operators in developing economies use some of these methods, but often on a case-by-case basis
and not for their entire subscriber base. 43 However, this trend is currently changing, and an increasing number of regulators are
Mao, H.,Shuai, X.,Ahn, Y.-Y. and Bollen, J. 2013), Mobile Communications Reveal the Regional Economy in Cote d†Ivoire.
Eradicate Poverty and Transform Economies through Sustainable Development. The Report of the High-level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda.
Economy 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 1 Afghanistan 0. 3 0. 3 65.5 70.0 1†229 2†774 2. 3 2. 5 1. 9 2. 1
Economy 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 84 Lao P. D. R. 6. 8 10 10.0 13 64.7 15 66.2 9'397 9 10'636 8. 7
Economy 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 1 Afghanistan 5. 5 5. 9 0. 0 0. 0 0. 4 1. 2
Economy 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 84 Lao P. D. R. 10.7 12.5 0. 1 10 0. 1 2. 1 18 2. 4
Economy 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 1 Afghanistan 54.0 54.0 3. 7 3. 7 31.7 31.7
Economy 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 84 Lao P. D. R. 46.5 46.5 16.7 16.7 72.7 72.7
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