implementation was hindered however by the slowdown of the Spanish economy and its impact on the public and private spending in R i+i. The budget line 46 of the budget of Spain devoted to
2012, strong cooperation with Budget (Structural Funds), Economy and Rural Development (FEADER •Strong involvement of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and
Competitiveness, participation of the State Secretary for Research and Innovation in an event organized in Zaragoza on October 30th, 2012
of 63%of the regional economy Alongside, Asturias has a strong industrial base, as evidenced by the weight that this sector
accounting for a 21.78%of the regional economy in 2011 Expert Assessment of RIS3 strategy for the region of Asturias, Spain †Miquel Barcelã 4
In view of the above data the main features of the Asturian economy and more specifically of its
To conclude this brief introduction to the Asturian economy, we will observe the status in Asturias
After the introduction to the Asturias economy and after providing some information of the institutions and people visited,
Cantabria†s economy is based mainly in industry services and tourism Research and Innovation ï¿RI funds in 2009
process of tertiary transformation of the regional economy. The table shows the evolution of the economic
Due to the important rates of growth of our economy, the rate of unemployment in Castilla y Leã n, was been
the employment and economy of Castilla y Leã n, now under restructuration Automotive Agro-food
agrarian sector and the process of tertiary transformation of the regional economy. The table shows the evolution of the economic structure in the region
has been higher than the average growth of the European economy, which has allowed our region to approach the European union
hold less weight in the economy: industry and energy with 19.8%,construction holding 8. 4,
make up 59%of our economy and meet diverse criteria: specialisation compared with the national average, ability to compete in outside markets, temporary positive evolution
a competitive economy •P2. Excellent science and technological leadership •P3. Internationalization •P4.
ECONOMY Programme 1 is focused on responding to the need to boost competitiveness of regional companies on a base of innovation and the importance of generating new economic
Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness 5 European Statistics Office 6 Secretariat of State for Telecommunications and Information
 economy  for  the  growth  and  competitiveness  of  enterprises
sample is consistent with the evidence that the Italian economy is essentially based on small and medium enterprises.
amongst small and large ï rms is optimal for the overall economy Indeed, our study shows that small ï rms that specialize in upstream
Welcome to the entrepreneurial economy: small fi rms are playing an ever-increasing role in
innovation for 40 economies, including OECD countries, Brazil, China, Estonia, Indonesia, Israel the Russian Federation, Slovenia and South africa
concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy
-General and Chief Economist, OECD) and the management of Sergio Arzeni (Director, Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMES and Local Development, OECD), with support from Jonathan Potter (Senior
Economist at the Centre) and Mariarosa Lunati (Senior Economist at the Centre, currently responsible for Entrepreneurship Indicators and Business Statistics in the Statistics Directorate
That contribution to the economy is reflected in the rapid growth of some of these firms, the
data and policy information from 40 economies around the world, and so provides an insight into the
Pier Carlo Padoan, Deputy Secretary-general and Chief Economist, OECD SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 20106
ria Szukics, Ministry for National Development and the Economy, Hungary Lena Tsipouri, University of Athens, Greece
creation of a multitude of new products and services in all sectors of the economy, new
economy, more open and distributed innovation, globalisation, a shift to non-technological innovation, the emergence of the â€oesilicon Valley Business Model†and a new imperative for
productivity of the economy by displacing firms with lower productivity and placing incumbents under competitive threat.
from the â€oemanaged†to the â€oeentrepreneurial†economy, associated with a fall in the importance of economies of scale in production, management, finance and R&d.
economy, open innovation, global connections, non-technological innovation, the â€oesilicon Valley Business Model†and social entrepreneurship and social innovation
New firms and innovating SMES are seen best as agents of change in the economy introducing new products and services and more efficient ways of working.
the adaptation of our economies and societies to new challenges and drive economic development Not all new and small firms are equal in innovation, of course.
downsizing elsewhere in the economy and increase national and local competitiveness Neumark et al. 2008; Haltiwanger, 1999;
economy, open innovation, global connections and non-technological innovation and the emergence of national and regional economic models and new types of social innovation
of advanced economies have again been changing. Now, the importance of economies of scale has reduced and the role of new and small firms in innovation and economic
development has grown again The key to understanding the renewed role of SMES and entrepreneurship in today†s
economy is reduced the importance of economies of scale and scope in production management, finance and R&d. This has occurred for a number of reasons.
i e. the capacity of firms and economies to specialise, able to produce output for niche
the knowledge economy; open innovation; global connections; non-technological innovation; the â€oesilicon Valley Business Modelâ€, and social
The knowledge economy One of the features of the transition from the 20th to the 21st century has been the
emergence of the knowledge economy, which has significant implications for the importance of new and small firms in innovation and how they innovate.
-cost countries and hence a shift in the specialisation of advanced-economy firms towards more knowledge-based activities that are tied more closely to local knowledge resources and
However, the knowledge economy is not just an advanced world phenomenon Emerging economies as well are engaging more with science and technology and ideas
-based production as firms around the world all seek to achieve product differentiation and greater productive efficiency.
The major feature of the knowledge economy is increased the importance of knowledge as a factor of production.
This is what is seen now generally by economists to be the major factor behind the bulk of economic growth, the growth that is not due to additions to
innovation in the knowledge economy is coming from creativity and the unexpected, and this is more likely to be found in new and small operations than in the systematic research
entrepreneurial economy. The managed economy was a mass production society based on stable employment in large firms and a central role of unions and employers in regulating
the economy and society in partnership with government. The social contract included regulation of labour markets and a strong welfare state.
entrepreneurial economy, the growth of the knowledge economy, open innovation increased global connections, non-technological innovation, the Silicon valley business
What has emerged is an economy in which SMES and entrepreneurship are now critical players in a broader, more distributed
the economy. This occurs at two basic levels: making breakthrough innovations that push forward the technological frontier;
economy closer to its technological frontier. The ideas for these innovations may be developed internally by the SME or start-up,
It is entrepreneurs who bring about change in an economy by providing â€oenew combinationsâ€: new or improved goods, methods of production
in the economy â The entrepreneur as an opportunity identifier. Kirzner (1973,1997) stressed the role of
Venture creation and SME growth renew economies by forcing the contraction, exit or upgrading of incumbent competitors.
thus increasing the average productivity of the economy and driving economic growth. There is also an indirect impact,
products and services and better technologies into the economy Knowledge spillovers New venture creation and knowledge exchanges between knowledge-generating
endogenous growth theory, the lens through which many economists understand economic growth. Investments in new knowledge are seen to spill over in part to other
economies combine them to varying degrees, the distinction serves to highlight the need for a holistic innovation approach that recognises the importance of both kinds of
managed to the entrepreneurial economy and the lag involved in adapting policies to the new needs.
large firms, innovation policy in the entrepreneurial economy must expand to include new types of actions for entrepreneurship and SMES.
economy. It is typified by the European union Barcelona Summit headline goal of achieving an increase in the proportion of European GDP invested in research and development from
to SMES and entrepreneurship in the institutions of the economy such as taxation, social security, bankruptcy legislation, competition policy, product market regulation,
the economy â Access to finance. Research clearly identifies a finance gap in many locations for new and
economy is breakthrough innovation. It involves a small minority of firms that are highly innovative, often exploiting new science developed in universities and research
which could contribute more to the economy if they begin to innovate incrementally and strengthen their non-technological innovation.
40 economies and examines the major and new policies that have been introduced. Among the issues identified, it underlines the relevance of three major policy areas highlighted in
Lundvall, B. and S. Borrã s (1997), â€oethe Globalising Learning Economy: Implications for Innovation Policyâ€, Report to the European commission, Directorate General Science, Research and
2007), The Social Economy: Building Inclusive Economies, OECD, Paris OECD (2002), High-growth SMES and Employment, OECD, Paris
OECD (2003), The Nonprofit Sector in a Changing Economy, OECD, Paris OECD (2004), Global Knowledge Flows and Economic Development, OECD, Paris
OECD (2006a), Innovation and Growth in Tourism, OECD, Paris SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010 43
The PMR indicators measure the economy-wide regulatory environment in OECD countries. Qualitat information on country laws and regulations, collected through a questionnaire in 1998,2003 and 2008
a new firm based on an original and realistic idea in almost any sector of the economy.
the economy in Southern Ontario. NRC-IRAP is committed to using all of this funding to improve the long
One of the major challenges of the business sector in the Czech economy is to move up the value
sectors of strategic relevance to the Czech economy such as automotive, machinery engineering electronics, life sciences and information and communication technologies.
%The Ministry of Employment and the Economy (TEM) is building a modern growth entrepreneurship policy that seeks to create first-rate conditions for Finnish growth ventures.
EXIST is a support programme of the Federal Ministry of Economy and Technology. It is specifically
Development Fund, is geared towards transforming Greece into a highly competitive and open economy The Operational Programme â€oecompetitiveness and Entrepreneurship†(OPCE) and five Regional Operational
-ups. The official purpose of the Fund is to strengthen Iceland†s economy and increase internationalisation
Creating a leading innovative economy has been identified as a key priority of The irish government EUR 8. 2 billion has been allocated in the National Development Plan to the Strategy for Science, Technology
sectors (including SMES) of the Luxembourg economy. These services include information and assistance on all forms of innovation and business start-ups.
Ministry of the Economy and Foreign Trade, the Ministry of SME and Tourism, the Chamber of commerce
The Innovative Economy Operational Programme 2007-2013 is the main vehicle in Poland for pursuing the
The purpose of the Innovative Economy Operational Programme is to improve the coherence of policies toward innovation that fall within the competence of the Ministries of Economy, Science, Tourism
and Informatisation. In particular, it aims to adapt the activities of the science sector to the needs of
in order to more effectively transfer advances in science to the wider economy The science base of the economy †both its R&d
and its supporting infrastructure †will receive more than a quarter of the total funding.
part of the Innovative Economy Operational Programme are expected to be subject to formal evaluation Strengthening the Protection of Intellectual and Industrial Property rights Programme
for Economy, Innovation and Development and aims at supporting the enhancement of SMES€ capabilities fostering SME investment,
Ministry of Economy of the Slovak Republic, the Slovak Association of Entrepreneurs and the Slovak
increase the amount of venture capital investment for SMES in the Slovak economy. The company looks for
the needs-driven research required by a competitive business and industrial sector and a thriving economy
Swiss economy. The most important entrepreneurship programmes are the CTI Start-up programme and Venturelab. The overall budget for the entrepreneurship promotion programme of the CTI amounts to about
the low carbon economy Support for innovation activity is also increasingly being provided by the Regional Development
Ministry for Economy decrees. It acts as an institutional hub in synergising policies and programmes, and
Department of state Regulation in the Economy of the Russian Federation. Charts B and C: Ministry of Economic
The Ministry of Higher education, Science and Technology (MHEST) and the Ministry of the Economy ME) have been supporting R&d and innovation activities in SMES through co-financing R&d projects
Economy and Ministry of Defence are participating by contributing through their own resources. Several of
Most data presented refer to the nonfinancial business economy, i e. ISIC Rev. 3/NACE Sections C to I and K and is subdivided into Industry (Sections C, D, E and F) and Services
in a particular locality as compared to a reference economy (EU27 in this case. The territorial level of analysis is OECD Territorial Level 3 or Eurostat NUTS Level III, i e. micro
In a study on the US economy, Jaffe et al. 1993) find that patents are more likely to cite
b) small economies (Australia, in our case) are more likely to engage in international collaborations
which can spin off into the host economy to drive productivity improvements and innovations in local firms and organisations.
the economy. Supplier development programmes have had, for instance, a prominent role in counteracting the â€oebranch plant†nature of traditional FDI in which foreign affiliates
But it is also important in everyday economies For receiving places, the inflow of foreign talent has positive effects on the number of skilled
importance of agglomeration economies and of helping firms to link up with each other and with research organisations at the local level.
-based activities in the globalised economy. In this new setting, success in meeting economic and social challenges will depend on the ability of firms to generate and
OECD (2007b), Globalisation and Regional Economies: Can OECD Regions Compete in Global Industries? OECD Paris
rather than â€oelearning†agglomeration economies. Further analysis is needed to investigate these effects SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION  OECD 2010162
industry is transformed into a low-carbon economy. â€oegreen and silver jobs†are expected to grow and there will be a marked shift towards business services jobs in advanced
economies (CEDEFOP, 2008a. The level of skills is expected also to increase. Even in the most negative scenario, more than 80%of jobs by 2020 are expected to require medium and
more entrepreneurial economy (Potter, 2008. Two major issues are scaling up provision in order to offer courses to a larger number of students,
their full potential and will give the economy of Scotland the skills, new ventures and
economies 4) Effective contributors â have an understanding and appreciation of the world of work, the value of different
occupations and entrepreneurship and their contributions to the economy and to society â have knowledge and understanding of wealth creation and wealth distribution both
different workers involved, constituting a critical nexus of today†s networking economy Alternatively, internal projects can be undertaken,
the context of the new green growth economy and in occupations that depart from previous rigid conceptions of job profiles (Miles et al.
economies, suggests that a local policy orientation might be useful in promoting greater entrepreneurship training cultures in SMES
Economy: Responses to Globalisation, University of Western Sydney and Liverpool City council, UWS Sydney Martinez-Fernandez, C. and S. Sharpe (2007), Ways to Grow in South West Sydney, University of Western
Service Economy †Scenarios and Implications for Skills and Knowledge, ETEPS AISBL, Brussels Minniti, M. and W. Byrgave (2001), â€oea Dynamic Model of Entrepreneurial Learningâ€, Entrepreneurship
and social development so that once the economy has recovered the benefits can be widely diffused Social entrepreneurship and social innovation are part of the solution, as they both
entrepreneurship tends to overlap with terms such as social economy, third sector, nonprofit SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010186
countries, measuring it †like measuring the social economy, the third sector and the non
USD 110 097 billion according to OECD STAT) to the economy in 2005, which represents 1. 5%of Japan†s GDP
GBP 27 billion and contributed GBP 8. 4 billion to the UK economy. In 2007/08
Moving to the social economy, a recent report by CIRIEC (2007) clearly shows its diversity
different definitions of social economy existing in the 25 countries included in the study The report presents the main figures for the social economy in the European union, by
SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010 187 5. SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SOCIAL INNOVATION Social entrepreneurship
the social economy in Europe is very important in both human and economic terms, over
In effect, the Global 300 is the 10th largest economy in the world (ICA, Annual Report, 2006
further ideas and innovations (like the move to a low-carbon economy or the creation of a
social issues. 11 At the same time the nonprofit/social economy sector is increasingly adopting an entrepreneurial approach to further pursue its social objectives
economy; to help build a network of local producers and traders; and to promote the development of lo
ria (National Secretariat of Solidarity Economy) and the Banco popular do Brasil was sign The agreement allowed not only Bank Palmas
Community banks represent a hybrid economy †locally connected but market driven †which helps to promote the attractiveness of an area and the proper
networks of social economy organisations; spread throughout Brazil and also Venezuela 3 600 banks have been created following the example of Bank Palmas) and soon to
and has been extended to networks of social economy organisations Source: www. iledefrance. fr SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010 201
developing economies but also to organisations in developed countries: take for example the Italian Red cross. At the time of the massive earthquake that rocked the region of
Support Social Economy Development (PADES), which includes support for social innovation and the INOV-Social programme,
economy institutions France launched in December 2009 a â€oelarge Loan†facility at the national level (Grand
and its main components (social enterprises, social economy organisations, social venture business, nonprofit organisations, etc.
be embedded across sectors †the state, the private sector and the social economy /nonprofit sector
A comprehensive debate on the contribution of social economy organisations to local development through long-term projects, not constrained by the need of making profits in the short term,
presented at ANSER †ARES 2009 Conference Association for Nonprofit and Social Economy Research/Association de recherche des organismes sans but lucratif et de l†à conomie sociale, 27-29 may
CIRIEC (2007), The Social Economy in the European union, European Economic and Social Committee No. CESE/COMM/05/2005
De Biase, L. 2009), â€oeknowledge-Based Economy and Growth of Network Mediaâ€, paper prepared for the
Dees, J. G.,J. Emerson and P. Economy (2002), Strategic Tools for Social Entrepreneurs: Enhancing the
2007), The Social Economy: Building Inclusive Economies, OECD, Paris OECD (1999), Social Enterprises, OECD, Paris
OECD (2003a), The Nonprofit Sector in a Changing Economy, OECD, Paris OECD (2003b), â€oeasset Building and the Escape from Poverty.
A New Welfare Policy Debateâ€, OECD, Paris OECD (forthcoming), â€oeimproving Social Inclusion at Local Level through the Social Economyâ€, Report
Economy 2002 â€oesocial entrepreneurship is not about starting a business or becoming more commercial. It is about
Means by which the economy can make the transition to environmental sustainability It involves promoting growth and development while reducing pollution and greenhouse gas
Knowledge economy An economic paradigm in which knowledge is regarded widely as the most important factor of production and driver of growth.
The concept is used to explore how economies can grow by moving from mature existing specialisations into growing activities by
Social economy The ensemble of entities that explicitly have both an economic and a social mission
This type of economy is regulated essentially by the stakeholder principle, which stands in stark contrast to the notion of shareholder
Welcome to the entrepreneurial economy: small fi rms are playing an ever-increasing role in
innovation for 40 economies, including OECD countries, Brazil, China, Estonia, Indonesia, Israel the Russian Federation, Slovenia and South africa
The knowledge economy Open and distributed innovation Global connections Non-technological innovation The â€oesilicon Valley Business Modelâ€
Building Resilient Economy, Zagreb, Croatia 241 SOCIAL INCLUSION AS INNOVATION Alessandra Morgado Ramiro de Lima
Building Resilient Economy, Zagreb, Croatia 242 children in need, with the motto"No money in the world can afford the smile on a child's
Building Resilient Economy, Zagreb, Croatia 243 The consolidation of these ideas is reinforced by the analysis of the other two examples
Building Resilient Economy, Zagreb, Croatia 244 each of these NGOS, participating in the Service Society that pervades our time, act with
new Social welfare State, based on a service economy and sustained by civil society, which is being generated territorially in the small community,
Building Resilient Economy, Zagreb, Croatia 245 LITERATURE 1. Andrã I, Abreu A. Dimensã es e espaã§os da inovaã§Ã£o social.
Advanced economies face a growing number of social, economic and environmental challenges. More concretely European nations are currently undergoing major demo
economies. Europe†s economic woes further intensified with the sovereign debt crisis and subsequent deficit-cutting policies.
the creative economy is interaction and proximity, or a broad social, cultural and geographic milieu (the other two being technological creativity and entrepreneurship
creative content is the motor of today†s economy. The role of culture and creativity as
We move on to the broader economy and economic policy. Some social innovation can be †and is delivered †in the framework of the market.
for many European economies in the coming years will be health education and social care (Mulgan et al. 2007.
economies, the strong involvement of public policy and a need for models of innovation that are very different from those that have worked in the technology and finance sectors
businesses operating in the social economy. Other examples of innovative finance are complementary local currencies such as the Brixton and Bristol pound (see, for example
Working in the Social Economy. †Social Enterprise Journal 5 (1: 30†49. doi: 10.1108/17508610910956390
Economy, Society and Culture. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell Chesbrough, H. 2003. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating
Knowledge Economy. †Soziologie 34 (4: 424†441. doi: 10.1007/s11617-005-0212-z Howaldt, J,
With the globalization of economies and competition, innovation has become the most important factor in
world with their far-reaching impacts on businesses, societies, economies cultures, and personal lives Mega Trend Impact on Society
Companies will now look at new economies â€oebeyond BRIC€ and new hotspots for their business operations
Meanwhile, developing economies will contribute around 65%to 70%of global growth in the next 10 years and the 40 largest urban Mega Regions
circular economy where there is no wastage and every product and service is reusable Social Innovation to answer Society†s Challenges
economies Source Frost & Sullivan Source: Frost & Sullivan Social Innovation to answer Society†s Challenges
intensity, Mega Trends, breakthrough best practices, changing customer dynamics and emerging economies For information regarding permission, write
Plant the SEEDS †Grow the Economy JEI ***Table of contents Acknowledgments 5 Chairman†s Foreword 7
4. 5 Bio Technology and the Green Economy 87 4. 6 Creative Industries and the ICT sector 90
4. 7 Social Economy and Economic Self reliance 95 5. Appendices 101 5. 1 Membership of the Joint Committee 101
Development & Digital Media and Biotechnology & the Green Economy We need a joining up of local and national policy.
While geographic inequalities in the economy are recognised by the State; there is a continued prioritisation of the urban centres.
and grow the regional economy Stakeholder consultation meetings were held in each of the five counties.
and interventions necessary to help grow the regional economy The report is divided into five chapters, an executive summary, a profile of the Southeast, key development areas,
Bio Technology and the Green Economy Key Proposals Develop a green economic strategy for the Southeast region,
Develop a regional branding and strategy and market the Southeast as a Green Economy region with support from Government departments and relevant agencies
Social Economy and Economic Self reliance Key Proposals The development of a pilot †Programme for Economic Self Reliance†in the region whose aim would be to create ten jobs in every community and a regional network of micro-economies
The Southeast Economic Development Forum should establish a sub group tasked with mobilising and coordinating the resources available, pilot a variety of enterprise projects across the five counties for replication across the region,
The holding of information sessions in each county in the region to build awareness of the social economy and social enterprises
Bio Technology and the Green Economy 2. Profile of the Southeast †Strengths and Weaknesses
A recurring theme across the consultation meetings that inform this document is the vital role of education in building the economy
Waterford City and County Councils point out that numerous reports published regarding the re-designation of WIT as a university have highlighted that this deficit in infrastructureâ impacts negatively on the region†s economy.
and Bio Technology and the Green Economy Improving Educational Attainment In the consultations, WIT€ s Dr. à heagartaigh spoke to changing the culture of the region
and appropriate activation measures to address the unacceptable low literacy levels in Irish society is cost-effective to the individual, their family, society and the economy
a total of 15%over the two years reflecting the sharp downturn in the economy over that period.
Colin Buchanan is of the view that Waterford Airport is key to the economy of the Southeast region
Small and Medium Enterprises make up over 99%of businesses in the enterprise economy in Ireland
Since 2008, Ireland has seen a marked decline in its business environment, reflected in the number of layoffs and the collapse in private sector investment in the economy.
Milk and beef production are vital cogs in the Southeast economy and the region has the potential to be a world leader in all aspects of the industry,
so it is little wonder that tourism plays such an important role in the economy of the Southeast
4. 5 Bio Technology and the Green Economy Any economic development plan for Southeast must trade on the green and clean credentials of the region, with its good weather, fertile landscape, low density of population, lack of traffic,
Develop a regional branding and strategy and market the Southeast as a Green Economy region with support from Government departments and relevant agencies
Taken together, the creative and cultural sector is a vital element of any regional economy.
4. 7 Social Economy and Economic Self reliance Community Enterprise Community Enterprise is an important sector
and value of a strategy for economic self-reliance in the region, fostering a spirit of †doing it for ourselves†and expanding opportunities in the social economy and social enterprise sectors
whose aim would be to create ten jobs in every community and a regional network of micro-economies
such as reaching economy of scale and making a business more viable Because cooperatives are owned and democratically controlled by their members,
Developing the Social Economy The social economy is also an important and often misunderstood sector.
It offers the potential to create sustainable jobs and enterprise in the region. However, it needs to be supported properly through national and local government intervention
To this end, we recommend the holding of information sessions in each county in the region to build awareness of the social economy and social enterprise and the development of a pilot Social Enterprise Business Training Programme for community
Social Economy and Economic Self reliance Key Proposals The development of a pilot †Programme for Economic Self Reliance†in the region whose aim would be to create ten jobs in every community and a regional network of micro-economies
The Southeast Economic Development Forum should establish a sub group tasked with mobilising and coordinating the resources available, pilot a variety of enterprise projects across the five counties for replication across the region,
The holding of information sessions in each county in the region to build awareness of the social economy and social enterprises
The Southeast†s number of overseas-based pharmaceutical and life sciences companies account for a significant amount of export income to the economy
Companies based in the Southeast account for a significant amount of export income to The irish economy
The QNHS only provides an aggregate measure of unemployment for the economy as a whole and does not measure unemployment in each economic sector
which are essential to delivering the high quality infrastructure required to support a growing competitive economy focused on attracting foreign direct investment
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