International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology IJEDICT), 2008, Vol. 4, Issue 2, pp. 144-158
As far as improving education in health is concerned, ICTS are being used for sharing documents, simulations of health scenario planning, training
Effective mobilization and education can be attained through well-planned campaigns, multiple channels of communication community participation, media and through the delivery of content that is relevant to
support and monitoring of immunization activities, planning. decision making, education and disease surveillance 156 IJEDICT Potential benefits provided by ICT in healthcare
important actors which are mentioned not in this table (Ministry of Education and Research, Ministry of Industry);
budget of Ministry of Education and Research, Ministry of Industry 23 Firms that applied for support
education with worldwide presence. Our mission is to enhance the management capacity of professionals and organizations in and for emerging economies and
We also included the education level of owner/manager to control 14 for differences in the ability to absorb
7. Education of owner/manager 2. 85 0. 53 Ju Hi scho ol Bache -lor
Education of owner/manager 0. 22**-0. 08 0. 01 0. 21*0. 18 *Firm Size-0. 78 0. 35***0. 21**-0. 14-0. 17
variables, we find that education of the manager has a positive impact on performance, while
Education Gulati, R. 1999. Network location and learning: the influence of network resources and firm
Pearson Education. Inc TÃ dtling, F.,Lehner, P, . & Kaufmann, A. 2009). Do different types of innovation rely on
prepared by the Ministry of Education, seeks to adapt vocational training to the new economy and new
with entrepreneurship, education, and employment; and the lack of a workforce strategy tied to business cluster strategies
more focused forms of cooperative education programs ensuring that the students being trained in the universities are familiar with the kinds of technical problems that local firms must overcome.
ï Refocus entrepreneurship education along the models of the best business schools, trying to attract immigrants and to exploit the advantage of Andalusia†s geographical location
ï Establish cooperative education programmes engaging university students in alternating work terms with study terms throughout their undergraduate degrees
This will include involvement in future cooperative education programmes and retention of talented foreign students from local universities in technology parks
The importance attached to education provision and educational attainment acquires a premium in relation to the economy.
forces (education and experience) might be more appropriate for encouraging adaptiveness to entrepreneurship. Experience also generates other intangible assets,
performance in R&d and innovation, education, and employment. Nevertheless, thanks also to generous support from the EU Structural Funds, the performance of Andalusia in most of these
students leaving education with the lowest compulsory degree is also among the highest in the country
outlines the complex landscape of education and training, and entrepreneurship training specifically, in Andalusia. Though the system is hampered by many redundancies in training programmes,
particular focus on the role of education and labour policy in regional innovation. We first examine debates about human capital generally, then turning to the debates about labour market preparation for
capital as not just education and training, but also skills developed through experience and understanding that comes with age,
Human capital that combines education and experience gives employees the adaptiveness so key to entrepreneurship (Wright, Hmieleski, Siegel and Ensley, 2007.
university education (Junta de Andalucã a, 2009. In a decade (1999-2009), Andalusian universities lost 46 852 students.
while locals who do obtain a college education often emigrate to Madrid Barcelona, or other EU destinations
The local landscape of education and training related to entrepreneurship and SMES The educational system in Andalusia is currently experiencing a restructuring that will affect not
only the future of education and human capital in the region but also the entire Andalusian system of
Three important processes will be framing the landscape of training and education in Andalusia in the next decade:
of education, training and innovation policies at the regional level in an attempt to shift the Andalusian
landscape of training and education in Andalusia and how these processes might change it Restructuring of the education/training system
The arrival of democracy in Spain in 1975, as well as the political decentralization processes that followed in the 1980s
The Ministry of Education; the Ministry of Employment; and the Ministry of Economy, Innovation and Science
Education and Science was created to manage the education and training system in the region, both at
the education agenda in the region. On the one hand, the decrease in the population under the age of
25, due to the declining birth rate in post-Franco Spain, has shifted the focus in education from
increasingly shape education and regional economic development policies. The 2003 Plan for the Second Modernization of Andalusia revealed the regional government†s focus on promoting scientific
and non-university education were separated in the Andalusia government, with vocational training and non-university education remaining in the Ministry of Education.
The idea was to use universities as innovation and economic development tools and facilitate a shift towards an economy based on
education (partly), and integration of immigrant workers Figure 8. Regional Agencies involved in human capital development
alternative to the Baccalaureate and university education. Managed by the Regional Ministry of Education, it includes skills training of one-two years for youth unable to graduate high
school, high school graduates, or older students with some college education or a degree ï Vocational training for employment (Formaciã n Profesional para el Empleo or FPE) serves
either dislocated or incumbent workers. Initially conceived as an employment policy, it is now managed by the Regional Ministry of Employment in coordination with the Ministry of
Education. Unions also collaborate in the training of workers with the Ministry of Employment 6
by the Ministry of Education, seeks to adapt vocational training to the new economy and new demand
This overview of the landscape of education and training in Andalusia suggests several opportunities to build upon.
Spanish Minister of Education discourse in the Congress on February 2010, available at http://www. educacion. es/horizontales/prensa/discursos/2010/02/comparecencia-discurso. html
Entrepreneurship education The EU generally lags in entrepreneurship education, and Andalusia is no exception Twaalfhoven and Wilson, 2004.
Different public and private actors in Andalusia from across the regional innovation system promote entrepreneurship education in the region (see Annex 1). While
the university offerings focus mostly on connecting high-tech workers and start-ups to entrepreneurship skills, a variety of other programs help traditional businesses and low-skilled workers
regional actors do in the field of entrepreneurship education and training Public universities Universities support entrepreneurship in four ways:(
business and executive education. This is especially true for the top schools situated in Madrid and
quality education in business and entrepreneurship and even more so at the graduate level. Economics and business administration departments in public universities are disconnected often from the local
They also have a very extensive catalogue of entrepreneurship education. For youth, their training programs promote entrepreneurship culture in primary schools, high schools, baccalaureate
employed people (in collaboration with the Ministry of Education) and inspiring young people to become self-employed entrepreneurs.
Opportunities in entrepreneurship education Andalusia has a significant infrastructure for entrepreneurship training in place, providing a
already engaged in entrepreneurship education, from special workshops to support for MBA PROGRAMS to internship programs at the technology parks.
entrepreneurship, education, and employment; and the lack of a workforce strategy tied to †clusterâ€
training and education. While hiring Phd-level workers might be key for highly innovative companies
from the Ministry of Education in 2004, and the Ministry of Economy merging with Innovation and
Education and the Economy, 2007 Limited synergies between cluster strategies and workforce strategies Finally, in part because of this agency balkanization, the region†s cluster strategy lacks strong
coordinated with sectors, for instance The english and entrepreneurship education available at technology centres like the Andalusian Stone Technology Centre.
Despite the challenges †the redundancy in overall education and training system, the lack of
make is to become the glue that binds the separate pieces of the education and training system and
education program, i e.,, the project-based learning model (Rasmussen & Sørheim, 2006. Programs at
Directorate for Education Programme on Institutional Management in Higher education Madsen, H.,Neergaard, H, . & J. P. Ulhã¸i. 2003.
National Center on Education and the Economy, 2007, Under One Roof: New Governance Structures for Local Economic and Workforce Development
Action-based entrepreneurship education. Technovation 26, 185†194 Saxenian, A. 1994. Regional advantage: Culture and competition in Silicon valley and Route 128
education degrees and few of them had R&d departments. Among the remaining 305 firms that
focused forms of cooperative education programs which could ensure that the students being trained in the universities are familiar with the kinds of technical problems that these firms must overcome.
Promote cooperative education programmes The second recommendation concerns ways to expand the current number of trainees in the
It should be noted that a formal cooperative education program goes beyond merely placing student trainees with firms for a limited period.
A cooperative education program usually involves engaging university students in alternating work study terms throughout the course of
education program. This could accomplish several purposes at once. It could improve the quality of human capital working in the firms by providing them with technically trained university students;
education program with some of the universities and innovative companies as a means to strengthen
The Cooperative Education Program at the University of Waterloo Description of the Approach The second learning model provides more details about the University of Waterloo†s cooperative
education program and particularly, the crucial role that it plays in the local innovation system.
largest cooperative education program in the world, with over 11 000 students (60 percent of the
The Centre for the Advancement of Coop Education (Watcace) was established in 2002 to provide a research capacity to identify
and disseminate best practices in co-op education Many of the larger Waterloo firms, as well as global ones, have deep and enduring links with the co
Plan, called for a new type of education to be offered on a cooperative basis with industry.
education, especially in the sciences and engineering by giving the students hands-on experience working in firms to complement their classroom time;
between students and local and non-local industry through the Cooperative Education Program Nelles, Bramwell and Wolfe, 2005
coop education initiative in finding the work placements for students For further information http://www. cecs. uwaterloo. ca/about
The goals required investment in research, education transportation, renewable energies, and employability The renewed Lisbon Strategy was based on a set of 10 interventions
Invest more in human capital through better education and skills The recent global crisis has
given the education levels and other limitations, there is a need for broader support to entrepreneurship and job creation
including education, vocational educational training, self employment, assistance to all forms of start-ups, not only those connected with
by the new Ministry of Economy, Innovation and Science and the Ministry of Education to develop
approaches to education and training, community enterprise, business start-ups, development funds and the many other areas for action which this strategy has embraced.
knowledge-based economy put a premium on education; as a result, the regional government should
education and technical skills to entrepreneurship and innovation is appreciated not sufficiently in the region; iii) entrepreneurship education is still at an incipient stage,
in spite of the wide offer of training programmes for entrepreneurs The number of Andalusia†s people aged between 25 and 34 with university and post-compulsory
education degrees increased between 1998 and 2007 from 25.2%to 32.6%,with Spain moving over
being prepared by the Ministry of Education, is looking at closer co-operation with firms, and as part
Entrepreneurship education is not as strong in the region as it could be expected, given the
report prepared by the Andalusia Ministry of Education for the OECD underscores that there is not
ministry of education should also be sought as the main government body responsible for vocational training in the region
ï Refocus entrepreneurship education along the models of the best business schools, trying to attract immigrants and to exploit the advantage of Andalusia†s geographical location
ï Establish cooperative education programmes engaging university students in alternating work terms with study terms throughout their undergraduate degrees
This will include involvement in future cooperative education programmes and retention of talented foreign students from local universities in technology parks
the impact of culture, education and environment. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 17,15-35 147 LÃ pez Rodrã guez, J. and Garcã a Rodrã guez, R. 2005.
The Journal of Education Research, 99,323-337 Slater, S. and Narver, J. 1995. Market orientation and the learning organization
%Education 7 %Insurance 7 %Healthcare providers 6 %Retail 5 %Transportation 4 %Utilities 3 %Media 2
technology centres, financing institutions) and other stakeholders (e g. from education, the broader public The report is organised along KETS.
diffusion of existing technologies, improving skills through education and training, learning from good practice-KETS are more likely to result in a leap upwards in efficiency levels
can be reinforced by adaptations of the education, innovation, production and policy system to the specific needs of the leading technology sector.
supply, and education and training activities (see OECD, 2009c). In some KETS, Member States have developed national technology strategies, particularly in nanotechnology and
coal crisis (1960s) and the oil crisis (1970s) made it necessary to refocus on education and
The Ministry for Education and Research also has strong patent laws in place to ensure that utilisation opportunities are realised. 12
The German Federal Ministry for Education and Research supports the development of nanotechnology competence centres by installing sufficient
sponsors R&d project through its federal ministry of education and research, and on an European level, the European commission funds nanotechnology research through its
with the knowledge cluster initiative from MEXT (Japan†s Ministry of education, culture sports, science and technology) to support universities and research institutions in their
and regions. 29 MEXT (education, culture, sports, science and technology) and METI (economy, trade and industry) are the main funding ministries
MEXT (Japan†s Ministry of education, culture, sports, science and technology) implemented several measures to promote basic nanotechnology research and the development of practical
Ministry of education, culture, sports, science and technology) and METI Japan†s Ministry of economy, trade and industry) are the main funding ministries,
infrastructure for nanotechnology research and education networks; and support the consideration of environmental, health and safety issues associated with nanotechnology
Since education typically focuses on imparting knowledge from specific and established scientific or business fields, people who integrate skills from
Department for Education and Skills (Dfes) plays an important role in university policy and funding in relation to biotechnology.
The education standards (widely recognised university qualifications) and (technical) training might be also contributing to create shared values and
higer education institutes and training facilities, research institutes and labs Institutions Highly regulated industry as chemicals play
In Germany, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, BMBF supports certain fields of material technology and selected main areas of chemical technology in differently oriented
and enable education and further training on a project-specific level (see Schumacher et al. 2007
Education and collaboration between research institutions and companies play a key role within the action of this programme (see Foresight
-east Asian countries) to catch up with Western economies in education levels System failures that hinder KET development
Strengthening cross-disciplinary education is a main challenge here. A likely shortage of skilled labour should be tackled through both
education and immigration policies -A vital venture capital market is important for commercialising research results in KETS
research, innovation, education, competition, industry, taxation, health and environment References EN 351error! Unknown document property name.
BMBF (2002a), FÃ rderkonzept Nanoelektronik, Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Bonn Federal Ministry of Education and Research
BMBF (2002b), Fà rderprogramm Optische Technologien, Optische Technologien †Made in Germany, Bonn: Federal Ministry of Education and Research
BMBF (2003), Framework Programme. Materials Innovations for Industry and Society †WING Bonn: Federal Ministry of Education and Research
BMBF (2005), From the Transistor to Dresden Advanced Mask Technology Center †Nanoelectronics for Mankind, Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Bonn:
Federal Ministry of Education and Research BMBF (2006), The High tech Strategy for Germany, Berlin: Federal Ministry of Education and
Research BMBF (2007), Optische Technologien †Wirtschaftliche Bedeutung in Deutschland, Bonn/Berlin BMBF European Competitiveness in KETS ZEW and TNO
EN 352error! Unknown document property name. EN BMBF (2008), Weiã e Biotechnologie †Chancen fã r neue Produkte und umweltschonende Prozesse
Federal Ministry of Education and Research Luxresearch (2006), The Nanotech Report, New york: Lux Research Inc
 education  providers  entrepreneurs  business  owners  and  large  corporates
 education  interests  personality  and  their  journey  through  life
 education  establishments  † have  come  to  understand  how
 education  programmes  to  the  stakeholders  identified  above  and
education and training; setting up IPR protection; mobilising resources; providing knowledge 20. A combination of several NSI
and education and training 3. 2. Undeveloped technology markets need to be cultivated in NSI OI broadens the range of external technology sourcingmodes by embracing alliances and acquisitions, technologymarkets, and
3. 5. The supply of high-quality labour is linked strongly to education and training One of the crucial elements holding the open innovation system together is its human and social capital.
education and training in stimulating OI 55. Better education and training will strengthen many of the behavioural aspects of OI
including networking and collaboration skills, corporate entrepreneurship, the ability to license technologies, and carrying out R&d.
and implement high-quality education at all levels. In addition, policy-makers need to address postgraduate training and †lifelong learning†for a society's human capital as
In general, education and training are at the heart of a public policy for fostering OI.
Hence, education and training need to be linked closely to innovation policies Second, OI provides several mechanisms to improve the effectiveness of NSI.
98 H. Katajisto, J. Kimari, Education, Training and Demand for Labour in Finland by 2015, Finnish National Board of education, Helsinki, 2005
3. 5. The supply of high-quality labour is linked strongly to education and training 3. 6. Open innovation improves the effectiveness of NSI
their education, which more commonly involves a background in business, science or engineering, along with IT.
industry CIOS make with regard to their education and job experience, which more often shows a broader background than
approach to their education and work experience Se ct io n 4 It is clear that digital CIOS take a different approach to tackling their
Discipline of education IT-intensive industry CIODIGITAL-ready CIO 41 %38 %IT 44 %49 %Business
Percentage of respondents who obtained a level of education in this discipline 33born to be digital CIO careers in focus
career paths, education and background of over 100 leading CIOS, representing the top 25 largest companies â€
According to the statistics of Ministry of Education and Research until 2002, a number of 590
Ministry of Education and Research and the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology aim to attract to industrial parks with intention to create such parks in every
and education supports to improve the employability of those unemployed will be important The key actions that require to be progressed are set out below
strengths including improved education participation, graduate output and recognised research strengths and a growing enterprise base in modern sectors.
 The Minister for Education and Skills is engaged currently in establishing criteria for a Technological University Designation Process.
region, to ensure the appropriateness and relevance of education and training responses to future enterprise needs and to identify any gaps in provision
Education) and Q (Human Health and Social work)- P&q may contain private sector employees 5 Employment in companies that are clients of the enterprise agencies;
education in the region (16 percent) compared to the national average (12 percent. This is indicative of a relatively high level of people with craft/PLC and/or traineeship type
education and training programmes Figure 4 Labour force by Highest Level of Educational Attainment-South East, State
Recent Department of education data on education retention at secondary level indicates that regional performance on educational attainment is likely to
education SOUTH EAST EMPLOYMENT ACTION PLAN †FORFà S continue to improve in the South East.
 Improve the alignment and coherence of current †green†education and training provision (approx â 25m †â 30m per annum) towards meeting the skills needs of
Lifesciences related research and education and have been proactive in establishing relationships with companies within the region.
ilte Ireland supports tourism training and education at the Waterford Institute of Technology (WIT) paying fees of â 440,000 annually
education initiatives within the region may enhance language capabilities in the South East Ensuring the region is attractive to overseas students
collaborative initiatives between industry and the education sector within the region and with partners outside of the region
The two Institutes of Technology in the region have developed strong education and research programmes in software development.
 education (digital libraries, elearning  entertainment (CG animation &sfx, games, e-music, film, TV, digital radio
A number of education and training providers from the South East were successful in tendering for services under the 2010 Labour market Activation Fund
Table 5. 1 Education Providers in the South East participating in the 2010 Labour market Activation Fund Initiative
Table 5. 2 Education Providers in the South East participating in the Springboard 2011 Provider Programmetitle NFQLEVEL ECTS Years
companies and developed a prospectus of education programmes for Talk Talk employees to review and request a place.
The focus of education and training supports for those unemployed in the South East should
job search, training, education and employment opportunities  Upskilling †Boosting our human capital by enhancing education
and skills levels in line with the National Skills Strategy and the needs of the †Smart Economyâ€.
Education and training supports should be underpinned by the following principles  There needs to be greater interaction between enterprise bodies, agencies and
education and training providers in addressing skills demands in a systematic and co -ordinated way.
Education and training provision needs to have greater alignment with enterprise skills needs both current and future
 Industry and education and training providers need to work more closely together in the development and revision of course curricula to ensure that students have the most
Board and County Wexford Partnership to deliver education and training programmes for SME owners and industry in the Wexford area
The Minister for Education and Skills is engaged currently in establishing criteria for a Technological University Designati on Process.
 Education and Health care SOUTH EAST EMPLOYMENT ACTION PLAN †FORFà S  Agriculture, Marine and Rural Development
education participation and attainment and a strengthening higher education research base Much progress was made also in addressing a number of key infrastructure gaps in terms of
upskilling and education supports to improve the employability of those unemployed will be important The key actions that require to be progressed are set out below
strengths including improved education participation, graduate output and recognised research strengths and a growing enterprise base in modern sectors.
region, to ensure the appropriateness and relevance of education and training responses to future enterprise needs and to identify any gaps in provision
Education, Skills & Occupation Statistics Table A11 Retention rates at Secondary Level, 2004 cohort (2010
that emigrated or left the State-aided system for non-aided education. Due to adjusted rates not
Skills & Education an analysis of the skills, educational attainment and education resources Knowledge and Innovation research and development investment and activity, collaborations and
Education Provision of Consultancy Services Financing & Commercialisation Institutional Supports & Regulation FORFÃ S REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AGENDAS:
and Education 44 Dell plans to retain approximately 1, 200 people in employment in Limerick
Education, Enterprise and Employment. Its website presents a comprehensive overview of the range of supports available, enables on-line requests for meetings with relevant agencies
including housing industry, education, healthcare, retail and leisure facilities. Initiatives include the introduction and use of smart metering, identifying and
+whose education has ceased, by Region †2002 & 2006 2002 2006 Below Leaving Cert Leaving
lower secondary or below and have not received education (either formal or non formal) in the four
and Education 27ï Infrastructures 28ï Priority Actions 32ï Development of the Gateway 32ï Agency Collaboration 32ï
Skills & Education an analysis of the skills, educational attainment and education resources Innovation research and development investment and activity, collaborations and inter
Skills and Education Economic Infrastructures Enterprise Dynamic Factors of Competitiveness FORFÃ S REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AGENDA:
The region benefits from a number of third level education providers including two Institutes of Technology (Iots) at Waterford and Carlow, Tipperary Institute & Carlow College.
education sector (HERD)( under 2%in 2006. This underlines the importance of establishing linkages and networks with relevant HEIS and research institutes beyond the region
and reinforce existing education initiatives within the region may enhance language capabilities in the region.
initiatives between industry and the education sector within the region and with partners outside of the region
developed strong education and research programmes in software development. In IT Carlow undergraduate courses are focused on software
Lifesciences related research and education and have been proactive in establishing relationships with companies within the region.
education institutes can work together to ensure that all the elements are in place and working in a complementary and interactive way.
Education Provision of Consultancy Services Financing & Commercialisation Institutional Supports & Regulation FORFÃ S REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS AGENDA:
establishing the †right†fiscal, IP and regulatory environment, to supporting education and training, to providing funding for R&d initiatives
Skills and Education As in the rest of the economy, the Southeast is facing a major skills deployment issue over
In the immediate term, those who have left education without completing the leaving certificate or a primary third level qualification need to be skilled to a minimum standard
Those still in education should be encouraged strongly to obtain minimum level qualifications before entering the
A continued focus on aligning education provision with industry needs in the region is required †through collaborative actions (enterprise agencies, industry & HEIS), course
such as infrastructures, education and regulatory environment The agencies work together to market and promote Ireland internationally as a †good place to
Building links between international businesses and third level education, academic and research centres to ensure the necessary skills and research and development
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