Technical experts were appointed to the groups to facilitate their work. The four TWGS and their respective scopes are set out in the Table 1 below. 14 Table 1:
Data repositories serviced by experts to capture and enable the exploitation of publicly available data from research and administrative sources to benefit future research;
Technical experts were appointed to the groups to facilitate their work. The four TWGS and their respective scopes are set out in the Table 1 below. 14 Table 1:
Data repositories serviced by experts to capture and enable the exploitation of publicly available data from research and administrative sources to benefit future research;
Meetings with experts, universities, research centres, clusters, companies, chambers of commerce Public consultation Advice and review from several consultative bodies with participation of social, education, trade union
/docoffic/official/communic/comm en. htm 8 Smart specialisation has also been advocated strongly by the Synergies Expert
'a Policy Brief of the Knowledge for Growth Expert Group advising the then Commissioner for Research, Janez Potocnik. 13 Firstly, a transition from an existing sector to a new one based on cooperative institutions and processes,
preparation, assessment (a review by peer regions and experts) and post-review follow-up. Stage 1:
During this preparatory stage, the representatives of the region under review prepare a review of their region's RIS3 in consultation with the S3 Platform team and experts.
representatives of the European commission and independent academic experts working in the field of smart specialisation. Following the peer review phase,
A key feature brought in by these European union-sponsored exercises was the introduction of external experts in this analytical phase.
when the external consultants and experts were involved truly in the exercise, when foreign experts teamed up with national or regional ones,
or when they acted as coaches for the regional decision-makers (to ensure a strong legacy from their input,
This involves expert work on value chain analysis (undertaken in an international environment and enlightening the spatial division of labour),
These types of analysis are conducted by experts who study the cases in close cooperation with cluster actors:
Mixing regional experts with international experts helps to give more weight to the international competitiveness issue.
and involve interactions between experts (Table 1; see more details on the FOREN website. For RIS3, foresight studies would ideally combine regional expertise with international expertise able to put regional assets in perspective with wider trends. 22 Neffke F. and Svensson Henning M. 2009
mind mapping) X XX X X X X X Expert panels XX X X X X X Delphi survey X X X
and external experts who can contribute to the benchmarking and peer review processes. Defining the scope of the RIS3 is crucial,
with a wide participation of actors and experts from within and outside the region. This needs to be communicated, understood and acknowledged:
and international experts who can offer benchmarking and peer review services, for example. Figure 1 exemplifies a number of organisations belonging to each of the previous categories,
of which is depicted by a different cell in the three-dimensional box of regions. results/outcome indicators classification scheme on the use of results/outcome indicators within a reformed Cohesion Policy adopted by the international panel of experts
and proposed for discussion to a wide regional audience (including national representatives as well as foreign experts at relevant points).
while evaluation should be carried out by independent experts, guided closely by those responsible for the policy.
as well as experts to work directly on regional development priorities. Universities are a critical'asset'of the region
References Policy Recommendations of the High-level Expert Group on KETS (2011). 98 95 http://www. observatorynano. eu/project/96 http://www. proinno-europe
A group of experts from Member States currently working on the'strategic use of EU support programmes,
Online consultation with RDI experts and stakeholders proposals of promising R&i programs for each candidate field;
Large-scale online consultation of experts and stakeholders on the 90 R&i fiches quantitative evaluation, backed up by pro/con arguments;
/)Foresight-Expert pannels (http://www. cdi2020. ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Componenta-paneluri-prioritati. pdf)- Methodology (http://www. cdi2020. ro/pachete-de
but both the public opinion and experts are divided about the best approach to the matter. Economically, the eight‘development regions'are very unequal in strength,
ensuring the involvement of a large number of experts and stakeholders, including representatives of the business community.
and defined gradually by groups of experts and stakeholders, on the basis of available evidence,
13 panels of 15-25 experts and stakeholders worked from this input as well as a large selection of data on the economic value added, on scientific collaborations and results, on societal needs,
a well-developed labor market, producing highly skilled but relatively cheap technical experts; and a system of local R&d and innovation to develop prototypes
facilitate visits by outside experts); additional financing (identify new sources of financing, leverage relationships with local banks,
The center could be staffed by a core team of experts who would oversee the implementation of the action plan
Reactions of consumers, industry stakeholders and policy experts will help the Commission to decide whether to submit new proposals for legislation on universal service obligations in the telecommunications sector by the end of 2010.
which an increasing number of experts are considering not to be the first priority. 12 Also the approach of the Smart Grid Task force of the European commission following the Third Energy Package seems to be restricted much more
four Expert Groups have delivered reports in 2011. While the mission started from a rather narrow focus on metering and directly grid--related services and functions
PLANIFICACIÓN PARA LA ELABORACIÓN DE UNA ESTRATEGIA DE ESPECIALIZACIÓN INTELIGENTE PARA ASTURIAS 23 Expert Assessment of RIS3 strategy for the region of Asturias, Spain
Estadística sobre actividades en I+D. Expert Assessment of RIS3 strategy for the region of Asturias, Spain Miquel Barceló 3 Evolution of R+D+i in Asturias/Spain
They are the metal sector, the food sector and the extractive industries, energy and Expert Assessment of RIS3 strategy for the region of Asturias, Spain Miquel Barceló 5 water.
Parque Tecnológico de Asturias, Llanera) Expert Assessment of RIS3 strategy for the region of Asturias, Spain Miquel Barceló 8 DATOS BASICOS FUNCIONES ALGUNAS CIFRAS
Información Universidad de Oviedo, ver web http://www. uniovi. es 13:00-18:00 Reunión de trabajo en el IDEPA Expert Assessment
Avanzados Universidad de Oviedo Fundación ITMA INCAR CINN Expert Assessment of RIS3 strategy for the region of Asturias, Spain Miquel Barceló 15 In my opinion, the priorities
PARA LA DIFUSIÓN DE RESULTADOS 7pm Asturias (IDEPA) Cienciatec. org Unidad de Cultura Científica (UCC) Canal UNIOVI2+D Expert Assessment
of experts supported by the European Commission2, whose mission was studying the causes of a growing gap in R&d efforts between Europe and the United states and its impact on economic growth.
I would like to thank the delegates, experts and Secretariat members for their contributions. I trust that this publication will provide inspiration to policy makers around the world and,
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION OECD 2010 7 Acknowledgements The following experts comprised the Scientific Advisory Group that helped guide preparation of this publication:
Netherlands Karen Wilson, Senior Fellow at Kauffman Foundation and Director GV Partners, France Assistance in developing the Country Notes was provided by the following experts:
Experts may be called on in a range of areas, such as in research and development, legal, information technology, marketing and other knowledge-intensive activities.
Information was collected by national experts and delegates to the OECD Working Party on SMES and Entrepreneurship and OECD Local Economic and Employment Development Committee.
to provide a referral service linking firms to experts within industries. 2. AUSTRALIA SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION OECD 2010 49 Australia Notes:
facilitating access to external experts; and providing physical office space. Nine centres have been selected in two competitive tenders.
including with international experts. The budget for the whole intended programme life cycle amounts to EUR 77 million,
The public sector provides incentives for experts, such as serial entrepreneurs, to become mentors and active developers in new ventures.
Such experts are positioned well to offer high-quality advice and contacts for start-ups to accelerate their growth and internationalisation,
Examples include involving young scientists, technicians and engineers in research and development projects, engaging experts in R&d and commercialisation projects,
Like the previous programme, TIP also subjects funding proposals to rigorous vetting by both technical and business experts,
The Foundation has invited about 4 000 Russian scientists in various spheres to work as experts.
these focus on improvement of research experts in the business sector. Besides the traditional programmes to support young researchers and young researchers from the business sector, the Public Agency of the Republic of Slovenia for Entrepreneurship and Foreign Investments (PAEFI) has two main programmes:
and links to external experts (see Austria's Country Note). Interactive learning networks boost SME innovation and need to be stimulated.
and linkages to more technologically advanced firms or business experts (see Australia's Country Note).
One of the reasons is the opportunity that on-the-job training gave to novice entrepreneurs to discuss work problems and test out solutions with real entrepreneurs and experts.
Although training can in principle be provided by experts from other countries or regions, it tends to be seen as a local resource by both enterprises and employees.
The meeting gathered a number of experts and social innovators and concrete examples of existing social innovations were discussed.
They are the experts on their own lives. At a more theoretical level it also suggests the need to challenge the orthodoxy within the functionalist managerial literature that often implicitly accepts the neoliberal paradigm (see for examples the critiques of Dey and Steyaert 2010 and Curtis 2008.
and verified by a panel of experts include human, financial, physical (equipment and space), and intangible/intellectual resources and are offered as part of the content services to registered users to improve innovations success (Lea et al.,
Although ICT experts disagree on how big the future skills gap in the sector will be,
Experts believe a new wave of big data and smartphone applications has the highest potential in terms of job creation.
the ICT sector will be in a desperate need for skilled workers, according to experts. But how big the skills gap will be is impossible to forecast in an ever-changing business environment.
but in general, a better support ecosystem has to be promoted across the EU, experts claim. We need that whole support infrastructure, mentors, access to finance.
experts warn. As researchers from the Belgian university KUL stressed in a study recently, high-tech education is increasingly becoming key in every single aspect of society,
Employment and ICT training 25.1%of companies hired ICT experts and 11.1%hired new experts in 2013.
may often use external experts to run assessments, as well as the development of interventions, due to the possible lack of expertise and thus results in the potential issues of the expertise remaining outsourced and increased costs.
as they are experts of their own lives. This tacit knowledge that citizens hold is often critical to the innovation process.
if we only look to experts with similar perspectives and heuristics, then they are likely to‘get stuck in the same places,
Will Dearth of Experts Starve German Economy? Der spiegel, 19 april 2013, http://www. spiegel. de/international/business/lack-of-skilled labor-could-pose-future-threat-to-german-economy-a-894116. html country (number of statements
and politicians as well as security and trust experts. 4 Survey of Work on Social and Economic Tussles as Highlighted in FP7 Projects In this section, SESERV looks at specific projects in the FP7 Future Networks project portfolio,
and the Future Internet research community by offering selected services to FP7 projects in Challenge 1. SESERV provides access to socioeconomic experts investigating the relationship between FI technology, society,
From the close interaction with the experts in the field, we derived an approach for the evaluation based on the feedback of the citizens and also of the operators (with focus groups and periodic interviews) in terms of:
when the role of ICT experts will be reduced substantially. To this end, we wish to propose three grand research challenges.
handing it over to business experts. To this end, the ICT domain needs to push forward the implementation of future ES development environments,
specifically conceived to be used directly by business experts. Such development environments will be based on an evolution of MDA,
interfaces will foster new development environments conceived for business experts to directly intervene in the development process.
This GRC requires, again, a strategic synergy between ICT and business experts. Together, they need to cooperate in developing a new breed of services, tools, software packages,
In particular on the first and the second GRC that concern the development of new FINESS capable of offering to the business experts the possibility of directly governing the development of software architectures.
where business expert can directly manage a new generation enterprise software architectures. Cloud computing represents an innovative way to architect
since it is built by business experts by using Enterprise Systems/Architectures (including Business Process) Engineering methods
S3 FINES Redesign System This system is used mainly by business experts who, once identified the area (s) where it is necessary/suitable to intervene,
This task is achieved by using a platform with a rich set of tools necessary to support the business experts in their redesign activities that are,
Future Internet Enterprise Systems 415 5. 1 A Business-Driven FINES Develpment Platform In order to put the business experts at the centre of the ES development process, we foresee a platform
Then, business experts supervise and complete the work. This approach represents a marked discontinuity with the past,
since a FINES will be engineered directly by business experts and not by IT specialists. In fact, business experts will be able to select
manipulate, and compose FINERS at best, since they know better than IT specialists what the different business entities (represented by FINERS) are,
(ii) the mirroring of the real world business entities,(iii) the full control of the architecture by the business experts. 6 Conclusions At the beginning of the 80s,
Smart cities have been pointed recently out by M2m experts as an emerging market with enormous potential,
which allows them to become experts earlier than most. Segments 2 and 4 have lower propensity to play
Kirzner (1979) distinguished between entrepreneurial knowledge and the knowledge expert, suggesting that it is the entrepreneur of the firm that hires the latter.
The knowledge expert does not fully recognize the value of their knowledge or how to turn that knowledge into profit
or else the expert would be acting as an entrepreneur. In turn, the entrepreneur may not have the depth of knowledge that the specialist possesses (for example
and acquire more knowledge experts, they have the potential to Price et al. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 2013,2: 14 Page 4 of 20 http://www. innovation-entrepreneurship. com/content/2/1/14 lose their‘familiness'as the advantages of knowledge
the primary data for our explorative research was acquired through collaboration with well-established institutions as well as individual experts and consultants in two Eastern European countries:
) a group of experts from regions and universities with experience of cooperation in research and innovation debated the potential roles that universities could play to enhance their contribution in developing
This first EUA-JRC workshop gathered 40 experts from 18 European countries, across both EU 15 and EU 12 member states plus Norway,
EUA nominated university experts through consultations with its collective members the national rectors'conferences, who selected experts with experience of regional cooperation to advise on good practices and guidelines for the new Smart Specialisation agenda.
JRC identified their participants through consultation with the S3 Platform comprising over 130 national and regional authorities.
and methodological advice on how to develop RIS3 in collaboration with leading experts. This includes peer review activities where regions present their RIS3 strategies
C. EXPERTS John Goddard UK North East S3p Mirror Group Louise Kempton UK North East Author of Universities Guide Artur Rosa
and cooperation themselves using external experts and consultancies, and cohesion funds are broadly spread and therefore not necessarily supporting the strongest strategic centres.
The report involved policy and business experts across the globe in exploring the changing nature of innovation within the private sector.
Challenges are also opportunities In 2006, the Independent Expert Group on R&d and Innovation chaired by Esko Aho,
marketing and business experts as well as those who have knowledge of specific areas of social need-to a two-and-a-half day weekend event.
politicians, experts and citizens. Participants raise their own questions, and by the end of the day, participants are expected to produce visualized scenarios and proposals.
and the idea that the expert knows best. Many of these methods have been helped greatly by the ability of the web to draw in a far wider range of people
Open source technology, such as wikis,‘can make government decision-making more expert and more democratic'.'cx Examples from the US and New zealand show how open
Report of the Independent Expert Group on R&d and Innovation Appointed Following The Hampton Court Summit, Available at:
how open-source democracy can make government decision-making more expert and more democratic'Democracy Journal 7 Available at:
With this emphasis on the individual has come an interest in their experience as well as in formal outcomes, in subjective feedback as well as the quantitative metrics of the late 20th century state and economy (hence the rise of innovations like the Expert Patients programmes, or Patient Opinion.
involving users at every stage as well as experts, bureaucrats and professionals; designing platforms which make it easy to assemble project teams or virtual organisations.
Each year, up to four internationally renowned experts spend between two and six months helping the government to identify problems
and the idea that‘the expert knows best'.'Many of these methods have been helped greatly by the ability of the internet to draw in a far wider range of people
Visits from external experts can be an aid to training and formation or, as in the case of SEKEM, they can keep an organisation open to new ideas and models.
and how innovations can be diffused among service providers through experts, intermediaries, and collaboration. However, we argue that the design of services should start from the user,
The Expert Patients Programme (NHS/EPP) is an example of this trend, where citizens with particular medical conditions provide advice and training sessions to others with similar conditions.
experts, and local citizens. Together they formulated and implemented a series of community-based interventions intended to prevent the incidence of cardiovascular disease.
all of them leaders and experts in their respective fields. 138 THE OPEN BOOK OF SOCIAL INNOVATION Innovation platforms There are different types and forms of platforms, but in the main,
including civil servants from the Regions, politicians, experts, and citizens. Participants raise their own questions, and by the end of the day, are expected to produce visualized scenarios and proposals.
how open-source democracy can make government decision-making more expert and more democratic.‘‘Democracy Journal.''No. 7, Winter 2008.1 SUPPORT IN THE GRANT ECONOMY 167 2 SUPPORT IN THE GRANT ECONOMY Civil society and the grant economy are the most common sites of social innovation in campaigns
Image courtesy of Mike Russell. 4 SUPPORT IN THE INFORMAL OR HOUSEHOLD ECONOMY 205 517) Users as producers such as the Expert Patients Programme,
117 Expert Patients Programme 116 Extremes 36 Fabian society 48 Facebook 75; 138; 207 Fair Trade 119;
Some Member States have taken action to attract ICT experts from third countries. Bringing in outside expertise is costly,
are, in fact, as much experts in innovation and technological development as they are potential sources of finance and funding.
2. 2 Patent databases 82 4. 2. 3 Data availability according to EUMIDA 83 4. 2. 4 Expert view on data availability in non
Availability of U multirank data elements in countries'national databases according to experts in 6 countries (Argentina/AR, Australia/AU, Canada/CA, Saudi arabia/SA, South africa/ZA
Education and Culture but other experts drawn from student organisations, employer organisations, the OECD, the Bologna Follow-up Group and a number of Associations of Universities.
An international expert panel composed of six international experts in the field of mapping, ranking and transparency instruments in higher education and research.
The consortium members benefitted from a strong network of national higher education experts in over 50 countries who were invaluable in suggesting a diverse group of institutions from their countries to be invited to participate in the pilot study.
and underlying database to produce authoritative expert institutional and field based rankings for particular groups of comparable institutions on dimensions particularly relevant to their activity profiles.
Recent reports on rankings such as the report of the Assessment of University-Based Research Expert Group (AUBR Expert Group, 2009) which defined a number of principles for sustainable collection of research data,
rankings and indicator experts, field experts (for the field-based rankings) and regional/national experts.
The design choices made here are in accordance with both the Berlin Principles and the recommendations by the Expert Group on the Assessment of University-based Research.
The AUBR Expert Group5 (a o.)underlines the importance of stakeholders'needs and involvement, as well as the principles of purposefulness, contextuality,
Based on our design context, in the following chapters we report on the construction of U multirank. 5 Expert Group on Assessment of University-Based Research (2010),
This first list was exposed for feedback to stakeholders as well as to groups of specialist experts. Stakeholders were asked to give their views on the relative relevance of various indicators
we invited feedback from international experts in higher education and research and from the Advisory board of the U multirank project.
To facilitate the consultation process we showed an expert view on the 50 indicators (making use of the feedback from the expert group consultation) in
Literature review Review of existing rankings Review of existing databases First selection Stakeholder consultation Expert advice Second selection Pre-test Revision Selection
Based on the various stakeholders'and experts'assessments of the indicators as well as on our analyses using the four additional criteria,
The Expert Group on Assessment of University Based Research12 defines research output as referring to individual journal articles, conference publications, book chapters, artistic performances, films, etc.
and experts) against the criteria discussed in the first section of this chapter. The indicators in the table are used in the pilot test (chapters 5 and 6). The majority of the indicators are normalized by taking into account measures of an institution's (or a department's) size that is:
together with in the right hand column some of the pros and cons of the indicators expressed by experts and stakeholders during the indicator selection process.
An important reference is published the report in 2009 by the Expert Group on Knowledge Transfer Metrics (EGKTM) set up by DG Research of the European commission. 17 Table 3-4:
Our analysis on data availability was completed with a brief online consultation with the group of international experts connected to U multirank (see section 4. 2. 5). The international experts were asked to give their assessment of the 21 The U multirank project was granted access to the preliminary
) Expert view on data availability in non-European countries 4. 2. 5the Expert Board of the U multirank project was consulted to assess for their six countries all from outside Europe the availability of data
Availability of U multirank data elements in countries'national databases according to experts in 6 countries (Argentina/AR, Australia/AU, Canada/CA, Saudi arabia/SA, South africa/ZA
According to the experts consulted, more data can probably be found in institutional databases. However, if that is the case, there is always a risk that different institutions may use different definitions
or other), our experts stressed that it is not always easy to obtain that information (for instance in case of data relating to the dimension Regional Engagement).
and making use of the advice of external experts and national correspondents in the testing and further execution of the survey is yet another part of the provision that needs to be part of the data collection strategy. 5 Testing UTESTING U Testing U
which are classified in turn by Thomson Reuters experts into one or more Journal Categories. The Journal Categories, sometimes referred to as Subject Categories,
and/or experts have expressed some doubts regarding one or two selection criteria. The‘relevance'criterion has been the major reason to keep these indicators on the list for the pilot study.
'International Ranking Expert Group 2006; principle 15. U multirank, as any ranking, will have to find a balance between the need to reduce the complexity of information on the one hand and, at the same time,
therefore that rankings would be operated (initially) on a project basis by existing professional organizations with a strong involvement of both stakeholder and expert advisory bodies.
Stakeholder and expert advisory councils should be installed in a form that could continue to operate after the two years'project Phase in order to support the development of a viable business plan a partnership with professional
and expert advisory structure remaining in place. This structure also allows the commercial unit to operate as a joint venture with for-profit partners.
Methods for Regionalisation, Sector Allocation and Name Harmonisation',Methodologies & Working papers, Publications Office of the European union, Luxembourg, 2011, ISBN 978-92-79-20237-7. Expert
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