This work was documented in a series of EIPE reports: Defining European ICT Poles of Excellence.
Research and development comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications (OECD 2002.
The employer survey works on a similar basis to the academic one only without the channelling for different faculty areas.
or in the past, cites this work. In addition, literature which shows the greatest impact in a field covered by Web of Science,
This work was documented in a series of five EIPE reports: Defining European ICT Poles of Excellence.
R&d activities Research and development comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications (OECD, 2002.
Intensity measures, for example, the amount of labour, human, and physical capital relative to physical space (Ciccone & Hall, 1996) or relative to the size of population (Perez & Sanchez, 2002;
This type of spatial division of labour reflects the increasing transfer of sophisticated, knowledge-intensive activities to locations other than companies'domestic markets.
The employer survey works on a similar basis to the academic one only without the channelling for different faculty areas.
which currently cites this work, or has done so in the past. In addition, literature which shows the greatest impact in a field covered by the Web of Science,
and evaluation How do you make this work? Continue GAP analysis through comparison with others.
and the work of DG Regional and Urban Policy (DG REGIO) and regional policy makers on regional innovation strategies (RIS) and regional innovation and technology transfer strategies
Also DG REGIO observed this challenge in its work with RIS and RITTS, as well as DG Enterprise and Industry in the context of politically driven cluster initiatives.
such as labour, organisations, publications and patents. Figure 8: Patent applications in absolute numbers (2010) Source: Patent applications to EPO at the national level by IPC sections
and performance indicated by regional data on labour, organisations, publications and patents. 21 References Aho, E.,Cornu, J.,Georghiou, L,
A large part of labour productivity growth in Hungary comes from the ICT sector. The ICT sector is a significant boost3 to labour productivity:
it is estimated by OECD that labour productivity in Hungary improved year-on-year by an average 3. 1%in 1995-2008, from which National Innovation Office RDI MIRROR-1. Review on the ICT
Sector11 2 The Power of Simplicity Toward a smarter and streamlined innovation policy in the EU 3 Average cost of labour per unit of output Figure 2:
Annual average labour productivity growth and ICT contribution to such growth in total industries, 1995-2008(%.
%Source: OECD Key ICT Indicators, 2012.0%1%2%3%4%5%Slovakia Hungary Czech republic Sweden Finland USA Austria Germany Average annual
growth of labour produchvity excl. the ICT sector The ICT sector's contribuhon to the growth of labour produchvity 0. 5%(i e. nearly sixth of total growth) was due to impacts from the ICT sector.
direct and indirect cost of labour carried out by staff directly employed, using equipment directly owned less amortisation (research
Annual average labour productivity growth and ICT contribution to such growth in total industries, 1995-2008(%.
and promote networking between RDI players u provide innovation management services u boost the innovation activity of SMES To promote these objectives, NIH works in close cooperation with other government agencies, ministries, bureaus, the Hungarian
Research and experimental development (R&d) comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture and society,
R&d current costs are composed of labour costs and other current costs excluding depreciation. Capital expenditure is composed of expenditure on land and buildings, instruments, equipment and computer software.
358 27 214 450 159 626 477 59 131 661 208 151 more than half of the nation's all researchers work in budapest.
and also as a function of labour costs that vary among the Member States. In any event, upgrading existing digital cable is substantially less expensive than deploying new fibre-based telecommunications networks, thanks to the benefits of sharing existing coaxial cable to multiple customer premises.
even though it implicitly recognises a number of net benefits that tended to be ignored in previous work.
and also as a function of labour costs that vary among the Member States. In any event, upgrading existing digital cable is substantially less expensive than deploying new fibre-based telecommunications networks, thanks to the benefits of sharing existing coaxial cable to multiple customer premises.
Fibre Hub Active digital equipment 55.5.3.1 Upgrade of traditional broadcast cable networks to enable broadband communications Considerable work is needed to enable a traditional cable network to deliver broadband connectivity;
which do not require carrying out civil works (digging, burying new fibre), for example in cases where surplus fibre is available.
The upgrade will tend to be more expensive in those cases where civil works are required;
76 based in part on earlier nonpublic work by Pantelis Koutroumpis, represents one of the few studies of the costs of achieving DAE goals that explicitly considers technologies other than FTTX.
5 Support curriculum development that allows teachers to work in small autonomous and interdisciplinary teams;
Built on work undertaken in previous phases of the SCALE CCR project (Bocconi et al. 2012;
For instance, the need for more innovative Education and Training has been confirmed by the work of the ICT cluster,
%)Curriculum development that allows teachers to work in small autonomous and interdisciplinary teams (62.4%)has proved to be a very effective mechanism for empowering teachers to act as agents of change rather than objects of change
& Punie, 2013) teachers work in autonomous multidisciplinary teams of five to thirteen members, each team being responsible for three or four classes.
and avoid teachers'workload. 148 67.5 2. Promoting curriculum development that leaves room for teachers to work in small autonomous and interdisciplinary teams,
In addition, these types of assessment can cover both individual and collaborative efforts and creative group work (e g. on projects.
Promoting curriculum development that leaves room for teachers to work in small autonomous and interdisciplinary teams,
and avoid teachers`workload. 1. 4 2. 7 6. 1 5. 4 16.9 21.6 45.9 67.5 Promoting curriculum development that leaves room for teachers to work
) 21 Promoting curriculum development that leaves room for teachers to work in small autonomous and interdisciplinary teams,
Special thanks to Mark Spohr for his generous contribution to this work and who drafted this report.
In fact, these systems require abundant resources including skilled labour, technological, and financial means, all of which can be difficult to procure in low-income settings.
and strengthen capacity through training to use, work with, and develop effective ICTS. It is useful to design a communication strategy with the ICT project to ensure that everyone understands what is being done
Although the lessons discovered from the work of the Gates Foundation and infodev were drawn all from developing countries with the goal of providing guidance on
what works and how many of these lessons apply equally to developed countries. 4 http://www. asksource. info/res library/ict infodev. htm Patient information systems in the literature 17 2. 3 Benefits of electronic
The systems were used for patient registration, HIV care, paediatric patient management, radiology, pharmaceutical and laboratory work.
It is essential that their individual patient information be available at all points of care and all sites for analysis. In order for this to work,
paper-based reporting at higher levels of the health system is more cumbersome (labour-intensive) and prone to error.
and representative data from local facilities is crucial to this work. Regional or district offices are involved often in immediate short-term operational planning for the facilities
Defining standards is a complex and labour intensive task. Fortunately, many international organizations have taken up the work of developing
and maintaining standards. This gives countries access to well researched and defined standards that they can adopt and modify,
a great deal of work is being done in this area. ISO TC 215 and CEN/TC 251 ISO's Technical Committee (TC) 215 on health informatics works on health information and communications technology to facilitate interoperability of health data.
TC 215 consists of eight working groups dealing with various aspects of electronic health records. These include:
The Comité Européen de Normalisation (CEN) TC 251 on health informatics works on standardization in the field of health information and communications technology in the European union.
CEN TC 251 works closely with the ISO TC 215 to develop standards as well. Over the past few years these standards have addressed a wide range of interoperability issues for patient information
study how the program works and adapt it (freedom 1; redistribute (adapted) copies to others (freedom 2;
Public Procurement Public Procurement is the purchase of goods, work or services by a government or a public agency.
Directive on reduced VAT rates for labour-intensive services Revision of the-already existing-Late Payments Directive 20 21 In February 2011, the European commission presented its Small Business Act Review.
SME employees can develop their skills to match the continuous challenges stemming from evolving working environments.
Given the extensive work already being undertaken to promote research and innovation in the Region, and the aim of this Strategy to increase innovation through greater collaboration,
Forfás Innovation Works Report 2004 Report of the Research Prioritisation Steering Group 2011 National Smart Specialisation Strategy National Level Midwest Regional Planning
can provide up to 80%of the cost of research work to develop new and improved products, processes or services,
Additionally the Charles Parsons Initiative (CPI) consolidates the work and expertise of several UL-based research centres focused on sustainable forms of energy,
However, further work and collaboration is required if the Region is to reach its full potential.
To work with businesses in the identified sectors to establish the barriers to business expansion and research & innovation in the Region;
To work in coordination with key stakeholders in the Region e g. local authorities, Higher education Institutes and business support agencies such as Enterprise Ireland to ensure that funding is focused on removing the identified barriers to development;
Clusters therefore build strong competitive companies with the capacity to work with innovation in an international arena.
To work with Innovate Limerick Ltd . and the Local authorities in the Midwest to develop a calendar of open innovation events in the Region throughout the year such as open forums
The yearlong festival built on the success of previous events that have been organised through the work of the Alliance since 2009.
To work with Innovate Limerick Ltd. to provide incentives to cultivate Limerick as a‘Start-up City';
It is recommended that these agencies continue to work to raise awareness and increase up-take of the supports that are available to businesses in the Region.
It is recommended also that they work in collaboration with Innovate Limerick Ltd. to develop a suitable Investor Forum Programme for the Region.
however, that the LEOS work in close co-operation with the HEIS in the Region who have both experience
and expertise in this area to ensure that the work of the LEO complements the existing role of the HEIS in accessing EU funding under a variety of programmes.
The work was carried out under the overall direction of Cosmas Zavazava, Chief, Project Support and Knowledge management Department, Telecommunication Development Bureau.
The diffusion of ICTS in the economy has been found to facilitate macroeconomic performance and business growth by increasing labour productivity
health, social welfare, finance and labour. In Africa, 31 per cent of countries provided online information on social welfare and 65 per cent on finance (Partnership, 2014.
The United nations Open Working group (OWG) on SDGS concluded its work in July 2014. Its final report is expected to be submitted to the President of the United nations General assembly (UNGA) and the UN Secretary-general by August 2014.
it recognizes and appreciates the work of the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development and encourages Member States to collect ICT data at the national level.
and business growth by increasing labour productivity, enlarging enterprises'market reach, saving on costs and fostering innovation.
Its methodological work has contributed significantly to the collection of solid evidence on ICT developments worldwide,
analysed and disseminated, in view of the large data gaps prevailing in many developing countries in basic statistics in the areas of the economy, health education, labour, etc.,
Each member contributes to the work of the Partnership within its specific mandate and competence.
and the Partnership has reported to UNSC on progress in its work in 2005, 2007,2009, 2010,2012 and 2014.
The methodological work developed by the Partnership has contributed significantly to the collection of evidence on ICT developments worldwide, based on internationally comparable statistical indicators.
The work of the Partnership has also been acknowledged in ECOSOC resolutions in 2008,2009, 2011,2012 and 2013,28 in the context of assessing progress made in the implementation of the WSIS outcomes.
The commission requested the group to include the following in its work programme: 31 To make an inventory of ongoing activities and concrete examples regarding the use of big data for official statistics at regional,
In view of the link between big data and ICTS, work is under way in ITU with a view to contributing to the debate
however differ because of varying labour costs across countries and regions, but that is only a part of the total CAPEX of telecommunication operators. 15 For instance, the average revenue per user per month for GSM services in India was less than USD 2 in March 2012,
ITU discussion forums on ICT statistics Much of ITU's work in the area of indicator definitions and statistical methodologies is carried out through its two expert groups:
with speeds of up to 150 Mbit/s. In 2014, the Vice-president of the European commission for the Digital Agenda and the Republic of korea's Minister of Science, ICT and Future Planning signed an agreement to work towards a global definition of 5g
The European commission is partnering with the Republic of korea to work towards a definition of 5g. Furthermore, it launched a publicprivate partnership on 5g (5g PPP) in late 2013 that aims to deliver solutions, architectures, technologies and standards for the ubiquitous next-generation communication infrastructures of the coming decade.
particularly in specific demographic segments like the transient labour population is one of the policy recommendations brought forward by the report (ICTQATAR 2014).
the results do not show how this relationship works, and should not be interpreted as identifying a causal relationship between the IDI and MDG indicators.
and decent work for all, including women and young people 1. 4 Growth rate of GDP per person employed 1. 5 Employment-to-population ratio Ratio of youth unemployment rate to adult employment rate 1. 6 Proportion
GDP) plus the net flows of factor income (such as rents, profits and labour income) from abroad.
Online job-posting data are being used to supplement traditional labour statistics in the United States7 and other countries.
) Similar work in Haiti showed how mobile phone data was used to track the spread of cholera after the 2010 earthquake (Bengtsson et al.
This could be pursued in a similar way to the work done by Frias-Martinez and Virseda (2012) on estimating socioeconomic variables using mobile-phone usage data,
and cannot know what factors contributed to the strong correlations found in its initial 201 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 work.
More work is needed to understand fully the potential of big data and examine the challenges and opportunities related to big data in the ICT sector.
Together, ITU and UN Global Pulse could facilitate the work that needs to be done by NRAS and NSOS, through awareness raising and engagement on privacy frameworks
This positioning method works best for cell areas with a radius greater than 500m, so it is suited more for rural and semi-urban areas with sparser antenna coverage.
Other work has sought to understand international societal ties in Rwanda (Joshua E. Blumenstock, 2011) and the effects of migration on societal ties in Portugal (Phithakkitnukoon, Calabrese, Smoreda and Ratti, 2011.
It works through an online discussion forum (http://www. itu. int/ITU-D/ict/Expertgroup/default. asp) and face-to-face meetings.
and invest in the ones that work. Corporate leadership needs to tweak its road map based on these smaller projects,
600 talented individuals work with leading companies and governments to master Digital Transformation, drawing on our understanding of the digital economy and our leadership in business transformation and organization change
and systems III-Trust and security Page 10 of 170 In order to reach the goal to reform the way how the government works,
Society (responsible) Encouraging Access to the Existing Passive Infrastructure Ministry for Information Society (responsible) Page 26 of 170 Improving the Transparency and Coordination in the Relevant Civil Works
and in the collaboration between them 4. Work procedures for the development of egovernment solutions and for the management of subsequent egovernment activity 5. Electronic centralized system of authentication of users and unique identification of the users prepared
and service procedures in the work and processes to determine provisions that could promote the use of electronic channels.
related to determining a technical work frame for the interoperability of governmental organizations. The concept of governmental Cloud approaches both issues combining a particular concept of a hybrid Cloud with an area of Public cloud for citizens and an area of Private cloud for interoperability.
as their primary customer, in their work, their decisions, research and implementation. The citizen should be considered the main source for feedback and solution improvement,
in order to serve their needs 3. Collaboration open data will provide opportunities to work together (improvement of service, generation of data sets) with natural persons,
and skills necessary to adult individuals so they may have the perspective of a work place
when engaging, facilitating their entry into the work environment. Responsible: Ministry of Education with support from Ministry for Information Society Using ICT (OER
Materialization and digitalization of cultural heritage (libraries, physical archives and audiovisual works, museums) to facilitate access to the European level
Romania will have to digitalize approximately 1000 cultural works/day in order to achieve the precise target. Making the collections held by Europe's libraries, archives,
works. By designing all representative cultural creations in a wide digital universe, within an electronic consistent format, will provide access of future generations to the artistic creations from the past By facilitating the access to these digital registries,
of which is represented by the cost of civil engineering works. A major part of these costs can be attributed to inefficiencies in the rollout process related to the use of existing passive infrastructure (such as ducts conduits, manholes, cabinets, poles, masts, antenna installations
, towers and other supporting constructions), bottlenecks related to co-ordination of civil works, burdensome administrative permit granting procedures,
Improving the transparency and coordination in the relevant civil works; Simplifying the authorization procedures for the new network developments;
Strategic) Amendment of Law No. 50/1991 regarding the authorization of construction works, so that the construction of electronic communications networks, of infrastructure elements and of supporting infrastructure for electronic communications networks should be governed by a distinct, coherent and simplified chapter in this law.
Improving the Transparency and Coordination in the Relevant Civil Works. Operational) Developing a system to inform the operators with regard to the civil works planned by local authorities The systematic possibility to mount pipes
and related infrastructure together with the performance of public works Simplifying the Authorization Procedures for New Developments.
to internet from home(%)28%31%36%N/A 46%Access to internet from workplace(%)10%11%12%N/A 14%Access to internet from institutions of education(%)6
Data calculated for people of work age (15 64 years. Source: Statistical research of work force in households (AMIGO.
The Labour Inspection Purchasing a vehicle Registration of the vehicle 1. Obtaining a certificate of authenticity from the Romanian Auto Register 2. Payment of registration fees
686 people suffered an accident at work, of which 215 have lost their lives; compared to Page 143 of 170 have the obligation to pay damages 4. 2
The Ministry of Labour Retirement 1. Retirement at the age limit 1. 1 Application for Retirement 1. 2 Submission of documents proving the fulfilment of the full seniority required for retirement 1. 3
Issue of the retirement decision 2. Early retirement 2. 1 Application for Retirement 2. 2 Submission of documents attesting to the amount of work placements 2. 3 Submission of documents
Authority for Communications Ministry of Interior Ministry of Labour Ministry of Defence Ministry of Education Special Telecommunications Service Ministry of Health Ministry of Transport Ministry of Public Finance
Prepared as a result of the work, the national smart specialisation strategy sets the directions for the entire country,
and require skilled labour industries have been able to show a significant improvement in recent years (manufacture of machinery and equipment, vehicle production, manufacturing of computers,
electronics and optical products) as opposed to the more labour-intensive industries which required a lower level of automation (manufacturing of textiles,
Territorial characteristics of RDI Almost two-thirds of the country's approximately 24 thousand researchers work in Budapest.
where the majority (in FTE) works outside Budapest or the central region owing mostly to the research-intensive universities of Baranya, Csongrád and Hajdú-Bihar counties.
80%of researchers work in Budapest and Pest county. The R&d expenditures develop similarly to the personnel data,
compared to the more labour-intensive industries, which require less automation. The service sector dominates in the production of added value in a significant part of counties and Budapest,
The large foreign and Hungarian companies operating in the country have created cuttingedge work culture. R&d capital concentration and the modern RDI infrastructure appeared in the vicinity of the large companies.
which results in reduced labour-holding capacity, and the standard of living cannot be maintained. The H2020 appearance of the scientific and economic actors is realized not at the expected level.
which coordinates the work of the other organizations involved in the design process, directs and ensures the work of these organizations from the methodological and quality aspects,
and prepares the smart specialization strategy for strategic decision-making. Inter-ministerial Working group: it was formed in order to ensure the monitoring of the planning process of the S3 strategy-building at the government level,
their work is supported by the county government offices under the guide of the S3 Management Team.
The county governments are involved also in the work of the Local Research Priorisation Working groups. Under the leadership of appointed experts, the work organisations are jointly carrying out the organising work
which ensures the mobilisation and involvement of the local stakeholders. The counties are responsible for establishing the specialisation directions with the involvement of all stakeholders by setting out from the local and regional experience and building on the own knowledge and information of the participants.
RDI infrastructure) arising during the implementation of S3 are linked also to the work of the Office.
which envisions an internationally competitive specialization-learning-alignment process which works on the long term, and the strengthening of an STI ecosystem. 3. 2. Classification of the Hungarian counties In order to ensure that the domestic regions,
The established directions, identified breakthrough points and main RDI key sectors could be used as a basis both by the work organisations responsible for planning
as well as the methodology of the two-round team work, as a result of which they developed their proposals for the economic,
the priorities unanimously set during the group work process have been included in the summarising column without any changes.
Group work 2: every group has reconsidered and refined their own priorities on the basis of the summarised and projected material.
the S3 work organisations have collected also proposals through an on-line, publicly available questionnaire. The respondents have had the chance to provide their priority proposals as an answer to an open question (not a closed form of questionnaire has been used),
basic researches) performed in Hungarian workplaces through tenders, with the involvement of Hungarian and foreign evaluators.
Formal assessments are carried often out in the interests of those who manage the interventions with the aim to improve their work.
in addition, the most appropriate and competent experts carry out the work, which develop the local and the national economy.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attributionnoncommercial-Sharealike 4. 0 International License Principal investigator and main author:
Nesta is backed with an endowment originally provided from the UK National Lottery and works through a combination of research, investments,
One example of the potential in mobilising citizens to create collective knowledge is done the work by Cancer Research UK on their citizen science platform Cellslider.
The study also indicated some examples of how these actions could be implemented within the framework of the Digital Agenda for Europe and under the Horizons 2020 Work Programme.
and policy for DSI in relation to the Digital Agenda for Europe and under the Horizon 2020 Work Programme,
Health and Wellbeing, Finance and Economy, Energy and Environment, Education and Skills, Culture and Arts, Work and Employment, Participation and Democracy, Neighbourhood Regeneration,
Bitcoin) 7. Some of these have encouraged deliberately a changed awareness of how economies work for example, valorising labour time equally,
Projects and areas of work like Safecast or open source Geiger, the Smart Citizen Kit and open wearables are showing interesting potential in combining innovative technology trends to generate unexpected services.
The Chaos Computer Club (CCC) HACKERS NETWORKS 34 Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe The World wide web Consortium (W3c), an international community that works on developing
that works on promoting peer-to-peer practices, and the Iot Council, promoting an open Internet of things vision,
The work by Nesta in the UK, on the tech for good incubator Bethnal Green Ventures,
Most European cities work with sensors that monitor environmental conditions. Pollution, temperature, humidity and light sensors are installed that provide information that could be used to develop applications for citizens
Guifi. net COMMUNITY NETWORKS The work by Tor on creating secure, privacy-aware and crypto tools that bounce Internet users'and websites'traffic through‘relays'run by thousands of volunteers around the world,
Other pioneering examples include the work by the Estonian Government and the not-for-profit Praxis on the Meiraha project
as is the work by the social innovation research project COMMUNIA. The European Thematic Network on the Digital Public domain is an international association based in Brussels. COMMUNIA is built on the eponymous COMMUNIA Project Thematic Network, funded by the European commission from 2007 to 2011,
which is funded not by the European union but shows how open research works, is FLOK Society in Ecuador.
The work by organisations like Raspberry Pi and Arduino illustrates the potential in open hardware.
and Economy Energy and Environment Participation and Democracy Smart public services Science and technology Education and skills Culture and Arts Work and Employment DSI AREAS AREAS OF SOCIETY New
AND SKILLS PARTICIPATION AND DEMOCRACY CULTURE AND ARTS HEALTH AND WELLBEING WORK AND EMPLOYMENT Arduino Avaaz Avoin Ministeriö Bethnal Green Ventures Citysdk Clearlyso Angels Communia Commons 4 Europe Confine Crisisnet Desis Network Everyaware Fablab
AND ECONOMY ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT PARTICIPATION AND DEMOCRACY NEIGHBOURHOOD REGENERATION SCIENCE EDUCATION AND SKILLS CULTURE AND ARTS WORK AND EMPLOYMENT 254 251 164 163 162 138
and women bring new perspectives while improving access to information, education and work opportunities for women.
Most of the ideas you come up with at first won't work. But it's only through the process of constant idea creation that you arrive at something that is radical and transformative.
As outcome of the DSI policy work shop, we have designed a Bottom-up Policy Toolkit for practicioners
and helped them to scale up their work What the biggest barriers were faced that they and how to address them (through policy?
It is important that you leave at least half of the time for participants to ask questions from the presenters.
You may also want to promote the importance of evidence-based policy-making as a continual process of understanding what works (and
Conversely, institutions and in particular public institutions and work done with public money should be open and transparent.
seeking the right balance between the interests of creators (to control their work and to be able to make a living from their creativity) and the interests of society (access to information and culture, freedom of expression)( Keller,
and to create collaborative work environments. In this context labs can be understood as spaces and units set up run
Observing potential users to see if the product works in their context Quantitative responses to the idea,
Establishing potential routes to market How the impact is measured As emphasised in the framework developed by Nominet Trust there are a number of tools digital social innovations can apply to capture the impact of their work,
The work done by Wikiprogress is exploring new digital tools for including people, in relation to what should be measured through the development of indicators,
design work. Thank you to the projects Advisory Group who have been generous in sharing their own experience from working with
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