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The cold climate also makes it possible to cool the thousands of servers by cold air from the environment.
/By designing energy-efficient servers, Bull is committed toward innovation at all levels: components, power supply, cooling and load management.
%It makes it possible to operate the servers'power modules in the optimal part of their yield curve (40 90%)and to save on energy consumption by the inverters.
Bull's various enterprise servers share many advanced energy-saving features, such as dynamic management of the energy envelope of critical applications, dynamic management of the load supply function and the extensive use of low-consumption components.
These doors are situated directly behind the server cabinets, dissipating heat before it is released into the room.
irobot. com) Innovation Landscape and Fields 15 In Cloud technology, the server's power is shared
or Facebook servers without any possibility to control them by tracked persons? What are the current challenges that can be faced by innovation?
Arcgis server application keeps public informed of city projects, ESRI, available at http://www. esri. com/news/arcuser/0708/folsom. html, Spring 2008.
On the server side, the Logmanager is extended for intercepting execution events (see Fig. 2, where white/blue fields are the original components of Aristaflow,
the execution/server side was chosen as an ideal place for integrating the extending elements of Kitcom.
BPM Server Process Repository Control conditions Kitcom Plug-in Event Analysis Control Processes Control Injection Control Process Repository Reference Control Editing Fig
. 6 Kitcom architecture extending Aristaflow BPM server Start capture invoice 1 approve account approved? yes pay invoice claim invoice End no Fig. 7 Usual workflow execution with the software Aristaflow Flexible Workflows and Compliance:
Europeanuropeanuropeanuropeanuropeanuropeanuropean Commissionommissionommissionommissionommissionommissionommissionommissionommiss on 2010c), Cloud computing (the use of online servers for the purposes of information storage and remote access), if not a familiar term, will be a familiar concept to many through the widespread use of Web
It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa. eu). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.
The completed surveys are uploaded then to a Vecna-hosted server where the data is available for download and reporting.
Pump. io http://pump. io Social server with an Activitystreams API. 43 38. Pybossa http://pybossa. com Pybossa is a free, 100%open-source framework for crowdsourcing.
It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa. eu. How to obtain EU publications Our publications are available from EU Bookshop (http://bookshop. europa. eu),
which is hosted on 9 different servers, amount to $1 million a year. 8 WHAT ARE THE GAINS FROM GOING ELECTRONIC?
Pump. io http://pump. io Social server with an Activitystreams API. 43 38. Pybossa http://pybossa. com Pybossa is a free, 100%open-source framework for crowdsourcing.
Status. net or easy-to-run servers like arkos which make it easy to run your own secure cloud
and the Apache web server. These rely on a large and highly distributed community of programmers to develop,
They ensure that Ubuntu runs reliably on every platform from the PC and the smartphone to the server and the cloud.
Status. net or easy-to run servers like arkos, which makes it easy to run your own secure cloud,
and includes a physical server farm, a content distribution network, and some resources served through Amazon's cloud services.
Croscon (who perform ongoing security audits of the site's servers) and Arbor networks (who provided defensive hardware
The project brings in additional users (researchers) with a common entry point and additional resources (nodes, servers, links) in sparsely populated areas.
These services face enormous challenges due to the limited capacity of servers and links 93 and the structure of the network.
A central server efficiently collects, analyses and visualises data sent from arbitrary sources. The Everyaware platform will handle both sensor and subjective data acquisition.
Sensorbox, Airprobe, a dedicated Web server and Web application, together form a system that measures concentrations of pollutants in the air and localises them through a GPS.
Instances of Github can be licensed to run on private servers inside a company's firewall under the Enterprise plans ($5000/year/20 seats.
'This plan enables clients to download a version of Github to live locally on their servers,
Opencorporates is built on the Rubyonrails framework, uses the Mysql and Neo4j databases, on servers running Linux.
in contrast to the centralized client server model where client nodes request access to resources provided by central servers.
in contrast to the centralized client server model where client nodes request access to resources provided by central servers.
bandwidth) directly available to other network participants, without the need for centralized coordination by servers.
A peer-to-peer network is designed around the notion of equal peer nodes simultaneously functioning as both clients and servers to the other nodes on the network.
This model of network arrangement differs from the client server model where communication is usually to and from a central server.
which included 6 Raspberry Pi's. These have been networked via a switch to a wireless router to facilitate access to RACHEL (one of the Raspberry Pi's dedicated educational servers).
and then host them on a miniature server located directly on the Raspberry Pi. The overall cost for the DIY programming project, using Google's recommended materials,
by encrypting and routing communications through many different Internet servers. Subsequently Tor has been developed by the US University MIT and by the California Internet rights watchdog the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
the number of servers they're running can be scaled back to a minimal level(‘automagically'on Amazon web services).
Status. net or easy-to run servers like arkos, which makes it easy to run your own secure cloud,
and includes a physical server farm, a content distribution network, and some resources served through Amazon's cloud services.
Croscon (who perform ongoing security audits of the site's servers) and Arbor networks (who provided defensive hardware
The project brings in additional users (researchers) with a common entry point and additional resources (nodes, servers, links) in sparsely populated areas.
These services face enormous challenges due to the limited capacity of servers and links 93 and the structure of the network.
A central server efficiently collects, analyses and visualises data sent from arbitrary sources. The Everyaware platform will handle both sensor and subjective data acquisition.
Sensorbox, Airprobe, a dedicated Web server and Web application, together form a system that measures concentrations of pollutants in the air and localises them through a GPS.
Instances of Github can be licensed to run on private servers inside a company's firewall under the Enterprise plans ($5000/year/20 seats.
'This plan enables clients to download a version of Github to live locally on their servers,
Opencorporates is built on the Rubyonrails framework, uses the Mysql and Neo4j databases, on servers running Linux.
in contrast to the centralized client server model where client nodes request access to resources provided by central servers.
in contrast to the centralized client server model where client nodes request access to resources provided by central servers.
bandwidth) directly available to other network participants, without the need for centralized coordination by servers.
A peer-to-peer network is designed around the notion of equal peer nodes simultaneously functioning as both clients and servers to the other nodes on the network.
This model of network arrangement differs from the client server model where communication is usually to and from a central server.
which included 6 Raspberry Pi's. These have been networked via a switch to a wireless router to facilitate access to RACHEL (one of the Raspberry Pi's dedicated educational servers).
and then host them on a miniature server located directly on the Raspberry Pi. The overall cost for the DIY programming project, using Google's recommended materials,
by encrypting and routing communications through many different Internet servers. Subsequently Tor has been developed by the US University MIT and by the California Internet rights watchdog the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
the number of servers they're running can be scaled back to a minimal level(‘automagically'on Amazon web services).
Economist Intelligence Unit The ICT infrastructure index used here combines six connectivity variables penetration of traditional fixed lines, broadband access lines, mobile phones, PCS, Internet users and Internet servers
the number of Internet servers per million population, broadband penetration and four qualitative variables from the e-readiness rankings, based on a 1-5 scoring system.
It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa. eu. int). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.
It can be accessed through the Europa server (http//europa. eu. int). The Report is available online at http://farmweb. jrc. cec. eu. int/ci/bibliography. htm EUR 21682 EN European communities,
Status. net or easy-to-run servers like arkos which make it easy to run your own secure cloud
or ordered via the Europa server or directly at the Sebw website (www. europa. eu. int/comm/enterprise/ict/policy/watch/index. htm, www. ebusiness-watch. org).
Web server and server operating systems are the top two areas, with two-thirds of firms using alternatives like Apache,
The technical backbone of this centralised information system are two high E-business in the transport & logistics industry 124 capacity computer servers (from Hewlett packard) in the central company office.
The accounting information from the different company centres are integrated in the central servers. The company has designed this proprietary system in conjunction with its ICT provider and a specialised consulting company.
It is now possible to make backup copies of all the relevant data from the central servers,
files have to be saved on the server and not in the local hard drive. Employees have been trained to use the new system properly.
a central reservation system (xsellcentralseats) linked to more than 200 local servers that host the ticket sales system,
The operating system is Microsoft windows NT for PC's & PC Net Servers and HP-UX for RISC machines.
E-business in the transport & logistics industry 162 The server where the Goal software is stored at is connected fully to the Hupac central system.
The software developed is running on a WINDOWS NT 2000 server that is managed in house. 15 terminals are connected to the system.
It is running on the company's main server (IBM AS 400. Security requirements include user identification and password.
E-business in the transport & logistics industry 201 Thomas, D. How to Keep Your Network Server Secure, INC. technology, http://technology. inc. com/security/articles/200609
The project expects to provide at least 20%saving in the energy consumption of servers and network devices in comparison with a traditionally managed data centre and an additional 30%saving due to reduced cooling needs.
unused servers are turned off and automatically restarted when load increases. http://www. fit4green. eu Funded by the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) Duration:
and possibly developing unneeded functionalities for the sole purpose of meeting certification criteria. 5. http://healthit. hhs. gov/portal/server. pt/gateway/PTARGS 0 11113 881027 0 0 18/CA SUMMARY 071409
http://healthit. hhs. gov/portal/server. pt? open=512&objid=1269&&pageid=1650 1&mode=2&in hi userid=11113&cached=true, accessed January 2010.
Department of health and human services (2009), Public-Private Initiatives, HHS, Washington, D c.,http://healthit. hhs. gov/portal/server. pt?
and transmits real-time data to a central server, where it can be analysed by sophisticated prediction and decision-making models.
when servers are located not domestically (although the Norwegian decision was rescinded). 183 There has been talk as well by European leaders of building a European network for communication so that data never physically crosses the Atlantic. 184 By definition,
It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa. eu/.JRC79478 EUR 25964 EN ISBN 978-92-79-29828-8 (pdf) ISSN 1831-9424 (online) doi:
It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa. eu/.JRC81448 EUR 25961 EN ISBN 978-92-79-29825-7 (pdf) ISSN 1831-9424 (online) doi:
to buy servers and support programmers'costs (Kirkpatrick, 2010). Costs will rise in stages but overall the finance needed for a web services business will typically be millions or tens of millions of dollars,
Most capital demands are restricted to web server farms (see the web services value chain in Appendix 2) and even these can be hosted by third party data centres who offer website services for start-ups.
and download from its web content server. The key lesson here is to create verticalization using web services as one component (see Appendix 2 on value chains.
and is still based on open source software for the World wide web, the internet communications and management protocols and the majority of web server operating systems (Forge, 2004).
such as operating systems, web servers, databases and office systems. Note that the role of the European commission in stimulating research development and innovation, RDI,
The Google computers and server were stored in Page's graduate residence. Stanford university seem to have extended considerable tolerance to Page and Brin, turning a blind eye to them acquiring computing resources.
It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa. eu/.JRC85353 EUR 26579 EN ISBN 978-92-79-36782-3 (pdf) ISBN 978-92-79
It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa. eu/.JRC85356 EUR 26264 EN ISBN 978-92-79-34484-8 (pdf) ISSN 1831-9424 (online) doi:
It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa. eu/.How to obtain EU publications Our priced publications are available from EU Bookshop (http://bookshop. europa. eu),
It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa. eu/.How to obtain EU publications Our priced publications are available from EU Bookshop (http://bookshop. europa. eu),
and servers for providing a range of services. 60 Where there are multiple headends, they are linked typically via supraregional backbones based on fibre optics.
modem Telephony Switch Gateway Server Farms NOC Router 52 Rethinking the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE) CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System.
It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa. eu/.JRC83502 EUR 26601 EN ISBN 978-92-79-37793-8 (pdf) ISSN 1831-9424 (online) doi:
The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information technology, United states Department for Health and human services (http://healthit. hhs. gov/portal/server. pt/community/electronic medical records/1219/home/15591
and updates Agencies can consolidate servers, departments can consolidate data centers and move to one email system,
C1-Center on user needs All public services exist to server their customers, their needs and they should be built,
Status. net or easy-to-run servers like arkos which make it easy to run your own secure cloud
for example, CIP cannot currently handle prescriptions that are submitted later than the current processing cycle. 4. 29 The Authority has embarked recently on a technology refresh programme-replacing the physical server environment with virtual servers,
The new virtual server environment is expected to provide scalability to respond to the increase in demand,
and would not limit its activities to providing server space for users to independently upload
"the mere fact that the operator of an online marketplace stores offers for sale on its server, sets the terms of its service, is remunerated for that service
and their customers by taking legal action against spammers. 4. 1. 2. 3 Cookies and the eprivacy Directive Cookies are hidden information exchanged between an internet user and a web server,
They are designed to facilitate a browser-server interaction in order to collect data. Cookies allow the creation of profiles which can be beneficial for both users and online service providers.
It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa. eu). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of the publication.
The CONEX server 6 provides machine-generated connections among individuals (e g. researchers, practitioners), organisations (research labs, businesses) and targets (Cfp from diverse research and innovation programmes.
It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa. eu). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of the publication.
and retrieve relevant information from back office servers. NFC both its reader-writer function and its card emulation capability was used also for smart couponing services as well. 30 O P E N I N N O V
and an embedded computer that remotely communicates with the Smart Office application server, which runs local Linksmart middleware and the Nosql system database.
file server support and standards for archiving and backup of electronic copies of documents all now enter into the task of producing a business letter.
Secondly, the capabilities of advanced personal computers as network servers have become sufficiently well developed that it is possible for companies to eliminate the chasm between the personal computer
%and company database server (54.7%).53.4%of the companies that used Cloud computing did so by paying any service existing in servers of shared services suppliers.
e-mail The collected personal data and all information related to the above mentioned survey is stored on servers of the JRCIPTS, the operations
and provisions established by the Directorate of Security for these kind of servers and services. The information you provide will be treated as confidential
, terminals, servers, etc. CPUS, etc. and handlers (software programs/routines) that generate and treat as well as query
as the onset of the phenomenon will still cause thousands of cache servers to request the same documents from the original site of publication. 3. 3 Transmission Limitations The fundamental restrictions that have been identified in this category are:
and sharing a common physical substrate of communication nodes and servers managed by multiple infrastructure providers.
and servers Towards In-Network Clouds in Future Internet 21 Fig. 1. In-Network Cloud Resources within the network.
which virtual machines can be relocated dynamically to any physical node or server regardless of location, network,
This can include common operations such as getting the state of a server with its CPU
and network components of a server host, were created. We can also measure the same attributes of virtualised hosts by interacting with a hypervisor to collect these values.
, physical nodes and servers) subject to constraints determined by the Orchestration Plane. The Management Plane is designed to meet the following functionality:
and continuous migration of virtual routers into hosts (i e. physical nodes and servers) subject to constraints determined by the Orchestration Plane.
control and management of programmable or active sessions over virtual entities, such as servers and routers.
Virtualising physical network and server resources has served two purposes: Managing the heterogeneity through introduction of homogeneous virtual resources and enabling programmability of the network elements.
DIMA (Distributed IP Mobility Approach) 35 can also be considered as a core-level scheme by allowing the distribution of MIP Home Agent (the normally isolated central server) to many and less powerful interworking servers called Mobility
a special information server is required in the network, which can also Flat Architectures: Towards Scalable Future Internet Mobility 45 be centralized or distributed.
a computer in the network or an embedded server may act as the REP host for a resource,
Each module, implemented using an HTTP server, will offers a REST interface. The interaction between IDN-compliant applications and IDN-SA follows the HTTP protocol as defined in REST architectural style too.
Another dimension of a service provider's win is decreased a traffic volume from its own content servers and reduced load of the servers,
Peers and the ETMS servers, providing rating information, are located in these stub-ASES, which are interconnected via a hub-AS containing the initial seed.
one issue today is how to choose what path to use between two servers amongst the many possibilities-MPTCP naturally spreads traffic over the available paths.
In this example, traffic between the two servers (at the bottom) travels over two paths through the switching fabric of the data centre (there are four possible paths.
Therefore we believe that a more promising initial scenario is an end user that accesses content, via wireless LAN and 3g, from a provider that controls both end user devices and content servers 26 for example,
Nokia or Apple controls both the device and the content server, Nokia Ovi or Apple App store.
Both the devices and servers are under the control of one stakeholder, so the end user‘unconsciously'adopts MPTCP.
The CDN server sends premium packets (perhaps for IPTV) as Conex-Not-Marked or Conex-Re-echo.
HTTP Extensions for Simultaneous Download from Multiple Mirrors, draft-ford-http-multi-server, work in progress (2009) 25.
such as processing and storage capabilities of servers and networking infrastructure. For example, routing table memory of core Internet routers can be considered a public good that retail ISPS have an incentive to over-consume by performing prefix de-aggregation with Border Gateway Protocol (BGP.
when multiple candidate servers are available, a consumer may prefer the one offering better Qos,
while a provider selects the server that minimizes its cost; e g.,, this is possible if the provider operates a local DNS service.
Due to economies of scale the thin-client paradigm, where most applications run on a remote server, is considered to achieving energy savings but to the disadvantage of the server provider.
However under some assumptions, Wifi hotspots can consume much less energy than UMTS (Universal mobile telecommunications system) networks.
and that could have allowed a malicious web server to impersonate a user on any Google application.
Cloud computing goes beyond technological infrastructure that derives from the convergence of computer server power, storage and network bandwidth.
this machine may use a database server (Middleware isolation) and provide services to multiple individual departments (Application isolation).
and visualize the use of their data stored in a remote server or in the cloud.
, servers, services, applications) provided by the cloud that are provisioned rapidly with a minimal management effort
such as setting and comparing user preferences with server privacy policies, expressing conditions on complex secondary usage cases,
In fact, this sticky policy will be sent to the server and follow the data in all their lifecycle to specify the usage conditions.
supporting a multilevel nested policy describing the data handling conditions that are applicable for any third party collecting the data from the server.
when a server storing personal data decides to share the data with a third party Obligations: Obligations in sticky policies specify the actions that should be carried out after collecting
it checks if there is any access restriction for the data before sending it to any server.
a data provider recovers the server's privacy policy in order to compare it to its preferences and verify
If a third party requests some data from the server, the latter becomes a data provider and acts as a user-side engine invoking access control and matching modules,
In other words, we suppose that the server enforces correctly the sticky policies, but, actually, nothing prevents him from creating a back door in his database
an auction site prototype modeled after ebay. com. It provides a virtualized distributed application that consists of three components, a web server, an application server, a database and a workload generator,
Furthermore it can be deployed in a virtualized environment using Xen server technology, which allows regulating system resources such as CPU usage and memory,
and using Xen server technology to regulate CPU usage. During this scenario the adaptive admission control and resource allocation algorithm is tested against network metrics, like round trip time and throughput.
capable of compiling C and Java software-Linux machines for running XEN server where on top will run the RUBIS Web app
all the components are managed based on Virtual machines by a XEN server. The implemented RAS instantiate all these Virtual machines and configure the internal components according to end-user needs.
Figure 3 displays the RADL definition for the RUBIS application server. The Configuration Parameters section describes the exposed parameters to the end user.
Manageability of the current network typically resides in client stations and servers, which interact with network elements (NES) via protocols such as SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol).
open-source multimedia framework, player and server, http://www. videolan. org/vlc J. Domingue et al. Eds.):
In 7, the issue of server selection is being investigated by proposing a node selection algorithm with respect to the worst-case link stress (WLS) criterion.
We assume a virtualisation-enabled data centre style configuration of server capacity, and a broad range of services in terms of relative priority, resource requirement and longevity.
In this way it is necessary to outline also is executed the provision of Telco web service wrappers by Software SLA Manager in an application server
SMS wrappers deployed in the application server of the corresponding virtual machine has to connect and execute different tasks with core mobile network systems that are behind Telefónica Software Delivery Platform (SDP).
as in the following sample code extracted from the ANPISDD. java code. 348 E. Santos et al. public class ANPISDD extends Thread {private Serversocket server;
+""s1=server. accept(;.With the use of the FINLAN library this communication can be done replacing the IP
which links service descriptions with users ratings, tags and comments about services in a separate server.
the SM@SP instructs the SP/CP servers how to mark the data packets. The information to be used in content aware classification can be:
AS1 AS2 AN HB SP/CP server AS3 VCAN1/MQC1 VCAN2/MQC2 VCAN3/MQC3 L2, L3, L4 headers High level headers
or co-locating CP's content servers in NPS'premises, nevertheless, an individual CC may also be a private CP.
due to a bandwidth bottleneck at the server side from which all users request the content.
MDC combined with path/server diversity offers robust video delivery over unreliable networks and/or in peer-to-peer streaming over multiple multicast trees.
with the protocols for issuing (as client) or responding (as server) to request messages. It is structured according to the grounding of OWL-S. 2 http://esw. w3. org/Sweoig/Taskforces/Communityprojects/Linkingopendata 3 Universal Resource Identifier,
and in the server farms is considered not since no special equipment is deployed in the GSN.
in comparison to electronic equipments such as routers and aggregators 4. The migration of virtual data centers over network nodes is indeed a result of a convergence of server and network virtualizations as virtual infrastructure management.
PDU Servers (Dell Poweredge R710) To core network Wind power node architecture (Spoke) Switch (Allied Telesis) Raritan UPS (APC) PDU Servers (Dell
such as routers and servers, is considered not, because no special hardware equipment is used in the GSN.
Within each node, servers are linked by a local network, which is connected then to the core network through GE transceivers.
such as storage servers and application servers linked by controlled circuits (i e.,, lightpaths. The Platform Control plane corresponds to the Core Middleware layer,
Such a migration is required for large-scale applications running on multiple servers with a high density connection local network.
This results in a reconfiguration of a large number of servers and network devices in a multi-domain environment.
and that each server has up to 16 processors, 20 servers can be moved in parallel. If each VM consumes 4gbyte memory space,
the time required for such a migration is 1000sec. The migration of data centers among GSN nodes is based on cloud management.
and converges server and network virtualizations. Whilst most of cloud management solutions in the market focus particularly on computing resources,
including virtual servers and virtual routers and/or virtual switches interconnecting the servers. Such a virtual data center can be hosted by any physical network node, according to the power availability.
There is a domain controller within each data center or a set of data centers sharing the same network architecture/policy.
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