and optical media, 4651-Wholesale of computers, computer peripheral equipment and software, 4652-Wholesale of electronic and telecommunications equipment and parts, 582-Software publishing, 611-Wired telecommunications
'Science, Technology and Industry Outlook.''Paris: OECD. European commission EUR 26579 Joint Research Centre Institute for Prospective Technological Studies Title:
and acquisition of machinery, equipment and software. As a result, among the few available indicators of technology output, patent-based indicators are probably the most frequently used (Griliches, 1990;
, computer peripheral equipment and software 4652 Wholesale of electronic and telecommunications equipment and parts 5820 Software publishing 61 Telecommunications 62 Computer programming,
o Computer science and engineering with respect to university faculties, o Computer science with respect to scientific publications, o ICT hardware and software with respect to R&d activity performed in R&d centres,
Communications & Networks, Electronics & Computers, Information Services, Semiconductors, Software and Other IT. This data source was selected for EIPE
Science, Technology and Industry Outlook. Paris: OECD. OECD. 2010. Measuring Innovation: A New Perspective. Paris:
Export and import performance 13 1. 6 Number and size of ICT businesses 15 1 7 Rate of employment 18 1. 8 International outlook
and software manufacturing (both compared to the US and South korea), while the EU and South korea have similar indicators in terms of the manufacture of telecommunication and multimedia equipment and components.
computer services and software manufacturing. As a further disadvantage, US companies were quicker to recognize the significance of Asia
and the Hungarian business software development market shrank in size like many others, nevertheless the sector itself very quickly returned to the path to recovery, partly due to the highly innovative nature of its companies and to the growth of some sub-sectors, e g. computer and mobile communication services.
Hungarian Central Statistical Office 1. 18 According to the OECD Information and Technology Outlook (2010), two out of the 250 TOP ICT companies founded a subsidiary in Hungary,
%Other 2. 3%ICT services Such growth was driven largely by foreign businesses with an IT profile deciding to settle down in Hungary. 1. 8 International outlook In terms of the percentage rate of its population
and computer software to be used in connection with and instrumental to carrying out research and experimental developments'.
-080523 OECD Information and Technology Outlook (2010) http://www. oecd. org/internet/interneteconomy/oecdinformationtechnologyoutlook2010. htm OECD:
register of Hungarian research infrastructure facilities u map-based search engine of RDI organisations and businesses u finding project partners
Capital expenditure is composed of expenditure on land and buildings, instruments, equipment and computer software. Sources: Hungarian Central Statistical Oice (HCSO;
infrastructure facilities map-based search engine of RDI organisations and businesses inding project partners and mapping project opportunities Kaleidoszkóp (the name refers to the multifaceted nature of RDI) is the name of the information system used by the National Innovation Oice.
and Mcdevitt base their analysis on OECD retail broadband prices as published in Tables 7. 17 and 7. 18 in the OECD Communications Outlook 2011, multiplied by the estimated subscribers by access type.
standards-based software platforms and data exchange standards to make efficient use of existing resources.
This trend will continue as improvements are made in computer hardware, software, and telecommunication infrastructure and as countries develop the skills necessary to implement electronic data storage and transmission systems.
Capability Maturity Model The Capability Maturity Model (CMM)( 4) was defined originally for software development by Carnegie mellon University
effectiveness, and control of an organization's software processes are believed to improve as the organization moves up these five levels.
and software system using touch screen clinical workstations which collected individual patient information, analysed the data and presented information on national protocols.
They used free open-source software for the project which enabled them to enlist the support of a large community.
and supported by private enterprise and also in the form of free open source software systems which are supported by non-profitmaking organizations and private enterprises.
Open source systems have advantages of local sustainable community development and support and lower cost by building on a proven software foundation (19.
which means that computer software designed for this purpose must reflect its complexity. Capturing and using individual patient information electronically also requires installation of computer equipment at or close to the point of care.
In addition to the cost of the computer hardware and software, EMR/EHR systems require substantial resources including electricity, a controlled environment, training, maintenance and support.
This is due to the fact that the HL7 standard is built into most commercial health information software and therefore widely recognized.
It was adopted by UNAIDS for use by the Country Response Information System (CRIS) software (32.
Survey respondents may not have realized that the CRIS software uses IXF and therefore underreported IXF use.
Most systems will define a unique identifier that is local to the software application. Clinics and hospitals often have an identifier that is used throughout a system to transfer information such as clinical observations, laboratory and radiology results, and orders.
so that it can be received by a computer program which will understand its meaning. HL7 is the most commonly used health message standard.
Health software applications often use a proprietary or ad hoc messaging format that must be customized to be understood by both sender and receiver.
which require more complex software and training. High-income countries have transitioned to the point where there is today a higher use of electronic formats than paper records for patient data.
The use of free open-source software to develop sustainable health informatics capacity may leverage the investment in developing such systems.
Free open source software is particularly a boon to countries with financial constraints. The survey demonstrates that the greatest barrier to adoption of patient information systems is the lack of resources.
Free open-source software enables the development of sustainable local human resources for the implementation and maintenance of health information systems by drawing on a community of developers and users
Data exchange with the country response information system and UN AGENCY software. A step by step guide. Geneva, UNAIDS, 2006 (http://data. unaids. org/pub/Basedocument/2007/cris de web final en. pdf, accessed 28 march 2012). 33.
software, data-capture devices, wireless communication devices, and local and wide area networks that move information, and the people that are required to design, implement,
e g. open source software (also referred to as free and open-source software). The user has the freedom to:
and can be exported as a Microsoft excel file for further analysis using other statistical software. This is the first time that Datacol has been used as the primary method of implementing an online survey of over 40 pages of text and questions.
Data were exported from Datacol in Microsoft excel format and the data analysis was performed using R statistical programming language. 14 Data were analysed by thematic section.
You can find a search engine of NCPS by visiting FP7 support webpage:.http://cordis. europa. eu/fp7/get-support en. html Lastly,
Dublin Southwest West Midwest Other Total Software & Services 38 7 2 2 8 57 Industrial & Life sciences 12 2 1 4
Priority Areas The Life sciences, Biotechnology and Medical Technology ICT including Software Logistics and Supply Chain Management Food Sector & Agribusiness Tourism and Leisure Renewable and Sustainable Energy
The desktop publishing was carried out by Nathalie Delmas and the cover was designed by Jesus Vicente. Administrative support was provided by Herawasih Yasandikusuma. v Table of contents Foreword...
120 4. 2 Panel regression models for fixed-broadband and mobile-cellular prices...158 5. 1 How big data saves energy Vestas Wind Systems improves turbine performance...
Panel regression results, fixed-broadband prices and regulation...160 4. 14 Panel regression results, mobile-cellular prices and regulation...
163 4. 15 ICT Price Basket and sub-baskets, 2013.166 5. 1 Sources of big data...
Google remains the leading search engine in most countries, and accounts for around 90 per cent of the search market. 16 The number of daily Google searches reached almost 6 billion by end 2013 (Chart 1. 16)
This call for a data revolution was enunciated first in the report to the UN Secretary-general of the High-level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda published in 2013 (see Box 1. 4 on the data revolution.
The report of the High-level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda to the UN Secretary-general,
IMF World Economic Outlook Database, April 2014.12 Source: The Economist, April 12 2014, Nigeria's GDP step change. 13 Telefónica,
the following section presents an econometric model based on panel data regression. This enables us to go beyond descriptive statistics and draw some robust conclusions on the link between competition and prices.
Choice of the model The analysis was conducted through econometric modelling using panel regressions for up to 144 countries based on data for the five-year period from 2008 to 2013.
Panel data regression is a statistical technique which is used to assess how variations in a set of variables over a given time period relate to Figure 4. 3:
Panel regressions minimize problems of omitted variable bias (the omission of important variables) and multicollinearity (the co-variations of variables modelled as independent).
In addition, panel regressions have the advantage of discounting known and unknown region fixed effects. These are structural geographic conditions
and mobile-cellular prices and competition and regulation metrics, using panel regressions with fixed effects.
Panel regression models for fixed-broadband and mobile-cellular prices Two models are used for the regressions:
Panel regression models for fixed-broadband and mobile-cellular prices (continued) Regulatory variable: The combined values of clusters 1 to 3 of the ITU ICT Regulatory Tracker.
Results for fixed broadband The panel regression model for fixed-broadband prices has a medium explanatory power (an R-squared value of 0. 41,
Panel regression results, fixed-broadband prices and regulation Variable Coefficient Statistical significance Interpretation GNI p. c. 0. 217 (0. 034) Highly significant
Results for mobile cellular The results of the panel regression for mobilecellular prices (voice and SMS) indicate that the model constructed has a medium explanatory power (an R-squared value of 0. 41,
Panel regression results, mobile-cellular prices and regulation Variable Coefficient Statistical significance Interpretation GNI p. c. 0. 147 (0. 024) Highly significant
CD. 4 Voice over internet services, such as Skype or Voipbuster, are excluded from the analysis in this section because they require an Internet connection
which the detailed mobility profiles available to operators are leveraged. 5. 4 Big data from mobile telecommunications for development and for better monitoring In 2013, the United nations High-level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015
the United nations High-level Panel cited the example of mobile technology and other advances to enable realtime monitoring of development results.
It is not uncommon for operators to write customized mediation software to overcome potential inter-comparability issues among data from different systems.
and telecommunication operators and Internet companies, including search engines and social networks, on the other, is necessary
algorithms and software techniques that can be repurposed for business-use cases. Indeed, where the applications of data use for development are concerned,
Chapter 5. The role of big data for ICT monitoring and for development 210 1 The report of the UN Secretary-general's High-level Panel of Eminent Persons on the post-2015 Development Agenda
and regional economic development in Côte d'ivoire. 14 The term metadata is used also quite extensively to refer to TGD from telecommunication operators. 15 Deep packet inspection (DPI) is a process that utilizes specialized software to scan all of the data
whereby a website's structure and content are optimized to make the site more visible to the webpage-indexing process of one or more search engines,
or two people talking for 30 minutes each. 42 DPI is a process that utilizes specialized software to scan all of the data packets traversing a particular IP network.
, M. S. and Brilliant, L. 2009), Detecting influenza epidemics using search engine query data. Nature, 457 (7232), 1012 4. doi:
http://edge. org/panel/headcon-13-part-i. Naef, E.,Muelbert, P.,Raza, S.,Frederick, R.,Kendall, J. and Gupta, N. 2014
UN High-level Panel (2013), A new global Partnership: Eradicate Poverty and Transform Economies through Sustainable Development.
The Report of the High-level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda.
Internet and various kinds of enterprise software. But they have been slow to adopt, or are skeptical of, more advanced digital technologies like social media and analytics.
Of course, more efficient products may well reduce demand for new GE goods. But William Ruh, vice president of software at General electric,
instead of the software servicing the people, it is the other way around. Another said that the pace of digital transformation demanded such speed that it is at risk of diluting employee morale.
The current Programme for Government is the expression of an outlook on Romania's future
Consequently, the information of public interest statistics, laws, research results etc. will not depend on a specific software product
and software solutions does not provide transparency on governmental level. Cloud computing can address all these issues by:
including hardware, software and operations Reduction of costs for the migration of services towards new platforms Reduction of the number of applications and services (redundant) in the public sector Reduction of the time and cost for procurement of new
or deter fraud and abuse Currently, the European Technology Platform for Software and Services NESSI,
the implementation of an ICT infrastructure, complemented by the installation of educational software (for teaching,
With more than 80 000 visually impaired people living in Romania, the Iasi County Public library approached the Biblionet Romania programme (including voice recognition software and other specialized Internet functions and capabilities
such as email, search engines, online music, chat, and radio broadcasts. with the goal of becoming a specially designated public library branch providing visually impaired persons with access to technology to help them reach their personal and professional goals.
App/widget which proposes to its users one cultural event per day, based on smart usage of user's personal profile and her/his current location.
Within the ITC sector, 47.2%of the overall turnover recorded in 2011 is generated by the Telecommunication sub-sector, 24.8%by the Software and IT services sub-sector,
of enterprises in the TIC field of the overall turnover of enterprises with economic activity(%)4. 1%3. 6%Share of turnover of enterprises with main activity of editing software products and service activities
the turnover of enterprises with TIC main activity(%)47.2%49.8%Turnover of the activity of editing software products and service activities in technology of information (mil. lei) 9959,5 11361,1 Share
of turnover of enterprises with main activity of editing software products and service activities in information technology overall the turnover of economic activity(%)1. 0%1. 1%Source:
and software does not provide transparency at governmental level Opportunities Threats and constraints The development of an infrastructure for the egovernment of the public services The increase of the public services utilisation degree which are available in the online media The preparation of the coordinated implementation of intra-communitarian projects,
providing process flexibility Instantaneous delivery for the digital products (i e. software) The rapid launch of the new products The existence of fake web sites The acceptance of the new on-line payment systems
and IT/Software development hubs as well as providing cloud services to the rest of the European markets.
Software Delivery Process, Design Guidelines for the Public Entities, necessary key data points for any public service, system lifecycle management, infrastructure management) PURPOSE:
for the Software and Electronics industry National Association for Internet service providers Association of Producers and Distributors of ITC Equipments Romanian Association for Telecom Operators Association for Technology and Internet EOS Foundation Romania
25 1. 4. International outlook...26 1. 5. SWOT...30 2. Governance structure...35 2. 1. National processes before the National Smart Specialisation Strategies...
and the development of the RDI area. 1. 4. International outlook International trends Lead markets-an initiative for Europe 5 The Lead Market Initiative of the European union between 2008 and 2011
In addition to the discussions at the national and regional levels, the international outlook is also an important element of the S3 design.
Expert panel: means the panel of experts from the business and the academic world, civil society and regional development,
which gives a technical opinion on the S3 process, especially the main directions of smart specialisation.
An independent S3 panel of external experts will operate closely connected to the organization of the NKFIH,
The panels of experts formed for the specific topics (e g. RDI infrastructure) arising during the implementation of S3 are linked also to the work of the Office.
smart business, company, home smart city information security, security technology gamification, simulation and optimisation technology e-learning systems big data data mining software development remote monitoring
developer software and measuring-control instruments in dual training 65 4. 4. Links of the National Smart Specialisation Directions to the Horizon 2020 programme The pillars
With an outlook to the S3 programmes of other member countries of the European union, it can be observed that healthcare developments are present in most strategies as national priorities.
and the consistency between the two planning is ensured by a panel of experts set up for this purpose (the Inter-ministerial Working group) both during the development and the implementation processes.
On the level of platforms for client operating systems such as Windows and Android, open standards have fostered innovation by allowing technologies like web browsers to be implemented over different underlying platforms,
Google has developed the open source Android operating system and spawned innovation in applications worldwide; Facebook has enabled the building of thousands of apps
developers and social entrepreneurs are innovating with cheap open hardware, open source software, open knowledge, data storage and analytics and are producing valuable data about people, the environment and biometric and sensor data.
This vision requires more investment in fundamental research to promote net-neutrality, strong encryption, banning of trivial patents, open standards and free software together with the multi-stakeholder governance model.
Lowcost home 3d manufacturing tools (3d printers, CNC computer numeric control machines), free CAD/CAM software, like Blender, 123d or Sketchup,
Interesting trends are emerging at the intersection between open hardware, DIY culture, open source software and open data.
free CAD/CAM software and open source designs are now giving innovators better access to tools, products,
create visualisations using the Openspending software and to use the Openspending API. Although the Openspending project has a strong focus on government finance,
a nonprofit tech company that specialises in developing free and open source software for the collection, visualisation and interactive mapping of information.
open data, free and open software and open hardware. Github, the collaborative service for open software developers, is revolutionising the way code is built,
which can be programmed with open-source software tools by the user. The idea is that anyone should be able to turn an Arduino into a simple electronic device such as a light switch and sensor.
TOP-DOWN GRASSROOTS, DISTRIBUTED COLLABORATION, SOCIAL VALUES Commercial social networks/markets (FB, Apple, Android...Federated Social networks (Diaspora...
CITIZENS ENGAGEMENT AND FEEDBACK 6. Net Neutrality and banning software patents Banning software patents and defending Network Neutrality will keep bottom-up innovation feasible and affordable.
Software packages that are patented can be expensive, and less accessible to potential individual innovators. Also the Internet needs to continue to be a neutral space where creativity can continue to flourish. 7. Gender Equality in DSI Promote gender equality and empowerment of women through ICT in DSI by tackling things such as criteria for funding
and software with experiments to discover better ways of delivering healthcare or reducing carbon emissions.
(i e. free and open source software) can be obtained at a lower cost with a better quality from reliable suppliers,
In effect, open source software should be easy to acquire from government at all levels. Open source procurement As an example, in 2004, the UK government launched
and all public-funded software should use open standards. For a definition of open standards, see Openstand Principles48 Public sector information should be made available under an open knowledge license
as is done today by Fablabs with the Fabacademy, by Hacklabs and Makerspaces with free software and open hardware training,
using analytics software to test demand. Financial Value: There has to be a market for the venture to be sustainable
cohort/panel study, regular interval surveying Level 3 You can demonstrate that your product/service is causing the impact,
Big OTT are Google, Skype, Youtube, Netflix, Facebook, Amazon and EBAY. 4 Sestini, Fabrizio.``Collective awareness platforms:
http://ec. europa. eu/internal market/publicprocurement/modernising rules/reform proposals/index en. htm 34 http://www. nycedc. com/service programs-entrepreneurs 35 http://www
-sector-to-support-socialentrepreneurship/38 http://www. oecd. org/sti/outlook/e-outlook/stipolicyprofiles/competencestoinnovate/taxincentivesforrdandinnovation htm) 39 http://
In response, the government said it preferred to extend the life of legacy systems using software layers it called wrappers that would make legacy systems integrate more easily with newer systems. 3 The Cabinet Office
CIP implemented high-speed scanning equipment and intelligent character recognition software to capture printed information from prescription forms and automatically process the form.
of which are interpreted successfully by the intelligent character recognition software first time. The remaining 30 per cent require manual intervention to identify the customer or prescription information.
and the 30 per cent of CIP prescriptions that are processed not successfully automatically by the scanning software.
hardware and software arrangements are in place to cope with the two systems. The team has an appropriate mix of skills to maintain
Software media and licence codes are available and regularly confirmed as operational. NHS Prescription Services:
Software versions are current and fully supported with plans in place for future upgrade. Performance. The availability and performance of the legacy system is captured as part of service performance measurement.
Intangible investments and assets Firms increasingly rely on intangible investments and assets (skills, organisation, software, networks) for competitiveness and growth.
On the small firm using side the rapid growth of software and business method patenting can increase small business costs and the likelihood of infringement.
Many types of business software can improve information and knowledge management within the firm, leading to more efficient business processes and better firm performance.
and organisational changes as well as direct costs of investing in hardware and software solutions. While many studies provide evidence of the positive effects of ICT adoption on firm performance,
office equipment and software over the Internet, but only a small share conduct B2c and B2b Internet e-commerce for nonstandard products.
%20%40%60%80%100%B2b e-commerce B2c e-commerce Software purchase Purchasing materials/office equipment Receiving custmer's feedback Recruitment Order
cost factors (costs of ICT equipment and networks, software and reorganisation, and ongoing costs; and security and trust factors (security and reliability of e-commerce systems, uncertainty of payment methods, legal frameworks.
Items such as software, music and books can be delivered over the Internet, but the volume of such on-line delivery is still very small.
along with music and video, books and magazines and software, are among the leading consumer products sold over the Internet (OECD, 2002c).
open source software has been proposed as an economically viable solution for establishing and upgrading ICT systems. It can enhance system interoperability
Open source software has been proposed as one means of reducing anti-competitive pressures. It may be easier for small firms to have relationships with larger firms at lower cost
and operating systems and lowers the cost of ICT adoption. Most competition authorities in OECD countries, independently or in co-operation with others in different jurisdictions, have examined how on-line markets
and obligatory requirements and interoperability with these services, affecting their choice of systems and software.
Technology neutrality and the interoperability of a variety of network infrastructures and software is essential
OECD (2001a), Science, Technology and Industry Outlook: Drivers of Growth: Information technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, OECD, Paris. OECD (2001b), Broadband Infrastructure Deployment:
Summary, DSTI/ICCP/IE (2002) 5/FINAL, OECD, Paris. OECD (2002b), Information technology Outlook 2002, OECD, Paris. OECD (2002c), Measuring the Information Economy
policy responses, DSTI/ICCP (2003) 13/FINAL, OECD, Paris. 46 OECD (2003b), OECD Communications Outlook, Paris. OECD (2004), Recommendation of the Council
and also the much wider domain of e-commerce transactions in goods and services. 11 Online retailing, online press, search engines, social networks, blogs, media streaming, online gambling and e-health
some Member States have provided for specific liability exemptions for information location services (search engine services) and hyperlinking services.
Austria, Hungary, Spain and Portugal have adopted specific liability exemptions for search engines according to which a company can benefit
whereas others, in particular selling platforms, video sharing sites, social networks and search engines, favoured the inclusion of those activities within the"safe harbour"regime.
Where specific exemptions from liability for search engine services and hyperlinking services have not been included explicitly in national legislation
Article 14 ECD. 88 The court did not specify why a search engine should be classed as a hosting provider.
and eligible for the liability exemption (for instance ebay's selection of"daily deals"could not be covered) 91 Appeal Panel Decision of Civil Court of Rome, IP specialist section, 22.02.2010,
HTML 31 through Google's search engine. These advertisement links appear whenever a"keyword"that can be reserved by an economic operator corresponds to the word (s) entered as a request in the search engine.
In the national proceedings LVMH (the holder of the"Louis vuitton"trademark) complained about the fact that both competitors
the ECJ notes that"with the help of software it has developed, Google processes the data entered by advertisers
however, considers that that under the circumstances of the case at hand a court injunction forcing an internet access provider to introduce filtering software for the prevention of copyright ingringements is incompatible with Article 15 of the Directive construed in the light of the requirements stemming from the protection of the applicable fundamental rights.
in particular those involving the use of peer-to-peer software; which applies indiscriminately to all its customers;
or have been asked to impose the use of filtering software to prevent illegal information and activity by means of injunctions on intermediaries.
and the internet service provider Tiscali141 (now Scarlet) a judge on 29 june 2007 ordered Tiscali to use a specific filtering software("Audible Magic")to prevent infringements of copyright 140 Case C-360/10, Belgische Vereniging
The court considered that this software had proven to be considered effective and that the average cost of implementing the measure did not appear excessive.
In a case concerning Rolex, Ricardo and ebay, two online selling platforms, the Bundesgerichtshof142 (the German Federal Supreme court) considered that an injunction against the two intermediaries forcing them to apply filtering software would not be infringing Article 15.
143 the Court refused to oblige ebay to implement filtering software for its"health and beauty section"to prevent infringements of L'oréal's trademark.
The Court considered that filtering software was not necessary as ebay had made the required efforts to prevent trademark infringements,
the main question concerning Article 15 is to what extent injunctions that impose filtering software are compatible with the prohibition of a general monitoring obligation.
In all those business models, the use of search engines has become widespread. Customers rely increasingly on search engines to find their preferred product or service.
Search engines charge advertisers on a pay-per-click basis. The trend is towards direct-response type advertising instead of display advertising.
Publishers have focussed on the importance of advertising revenues which account for 50%of newspaper revenues in the printed environment and almost 100%in the digital area.
and conditions of its licence agreement with independent developers of applications requiring the use of Apple's native programming tools and approved software languages to the detriment of third-party software.
on 21 january 2010 the Commission agreed to the planned acquisition of Sun microsystems by Oracle. 213 The acquisition raised the issue of the competitive effect of open source software products.
and supplied in digital form such as computer programmes, applications, games or music). Contracts for the supply of digital content are within the scope of the Directive,
In particular, traders will have to inform (consumer) buyers of digital content not only about its compatibility with hardware and software
Recent Eurobarometer surveys224 and those carried out by the European Business Test Panel (EBTP) 225
European Business Test Panel, European Contract Law survey, available at: http://ec. europa. eu/yourvoice/ebtp/consultations/2010/european contract law/report en. pdf 82 selling their products cross-border rank barriers related to differences of contract law
in the way sites can be referenced by search engines or how technologies can be slowed down or blocked.
http://ec. europa. eu/public opinion/flash/fl 300 en. pdf 285 European Business Test Panel (EBTP) survey, Alternative Dispute Resolution, 2010-11
or when it pays a search engine operator for an internet referencing service in order to facilitate access to its site by consumers domiciled in those various Member States.
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