data privacy

Data privacy

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and theft of time and personal data. Advertisements cultivate the attitude of needing and games influence behavior.

In fact, CRM software contains confidential information about clients (customer capital), and companies are not keen to use cloud for processing.

HP claims to practice sustainable supply chain, protecting personal data and providing their technology for medical care to remote villages in India.

given contextual information about the application and the personal data of the applicant (e g.,, age, salary, etc..

An important element of the ecosystem for data-intensive companies operating in Ireland is the system of data protection

and the arrangements in place to ensure a robust approach to data protection consistent with EU law and international treaties.

the Department of the Taoiseach will establish an interdepartmental committee on data protection issues and related structures,

Task force on Big data, DJEI, IDA) 91 Establish interdepartmental committee on data protection issues and related structures.

D/Taoiseach) 92 Establish a forum for dialogue with industry/civil society on issues arising from the continuing growth in personal data usage and technology.

D/Taoiseach) 93 Strengthen the resources of the Office of the Data protection Commissioner (ODP. D/Justice and Equality, DPER) 94 Establish a Dublin office for the ODP.

D/Justice and Equality, OPW) 95 Engage intensively with EU partners and stakeholders in relation to ongoing negotiations on Data protection regulation.

NSS National Skills Strategy NTD National Talent Drive ODPC Office of the Data protection Commissioner 2015 ACTION PLAN FOR JOBS 159 OECD Organisation for Economic

the legal rights-related issues of social network such as the management of personal data and the potential economic value of users activities on social networks and the engagement and security issues of CAPS. 6 Tab. 2-CAPS ongoing project

Regulations relating to healthcare data privacy and confidentiality are also often barriers to health IT as they tend to restrict the sharing of patient data among providers.

www. otmenta. ru 31 www. lipsva. com 32 www. gdecasino. org/ru 39 How to balance data privacy, protection and misuse with openness, transparency and the benefits of big data?

as well as proprietary, private or personal data which might be added or mashed together either as open or protected data to solve specific problems

How to balance data privacy, protection and misuse with openness, transparency and the benefits of big data.

personal data parents generally hesitate to submit. It is important to have representative data and samples to give realistic feedback to the parents and to advance research.

MONDEY specifically also highlight the importance of requires a good framework for data security and data protection. 129 Concluding,

USEMP aims at empowering social network users with regards to the sharing of their personal data and its potential economic value.

or the connection between personal data, economic value, and currencies (USEMP). Moreover, assessment of the CAPS projects themselves is key to these projects,

or new valuation practices of personal data (USEMP).(Open) Data Integration Each social network has a different affordance for users.

Personal data ecosystems (PDE) has recently been developed by the World Economic Forum and further elaborated by the Ontario Information and Privacy Commission and others.

and may in fact assume a personal data vault to provide a secure environment for effective control over relevant data.

USEMP will develop a set of tools allowing users of online social networks greater control over the personal data they share within the network

Security and privacy The data protection of health records against intrusion, unauthorised use, data corruption, intentional or unintentional damage, theft,

personal data standards and metadata exchange interfaces. Data modelling and collection in the digital age is a far greater challenge than the more classic'book-finder'.

collective management societies, individuals and their personal data, individuals throughout their transactions, etc. In this sense, it is absolutely natural that a law could pose certain barriers towards access-towards the use

when personal data is at stake. E-commerce legislation-regulates business transactions made on the Internet. The commercial exploitation of a museum's digital content is regulated also.

or citizens'personal data. 26 27 Kimmo Levä uses Finland as a case study to examine the three stages of digitisation for museums,

and data protection is clarified and can't be seen as a barrier for researchers(-)Only a small fraction of Hungarian RIS could be considered as large RI ERA priority 3:

The Slovak Republic adopted a new regulation to protect the rights of individuals in the processing of their personal data.

Getting credit The Dominican republic improved its credit information system by enacting a new law regulating the protection of personal data and the operation of credit reporting institutions.

Getting credit The Slovak Republic improved its credit information system by implementing a new law on the protection of personal data.

31 2. Modern data protection for the information age...31 3. Consumer protection in the digital world...

This applies in particular to issues relating to data protection and individuals'rights to control the use of their own data (informational self-determination),

Data protection the integrity of networks and the transparency of data usage serve to safeguard our democracy,

making use of the latest digital administration services and insisting on innovative IT SECURITY and data protection,

We will therefore collaborate closely with the German Bundestag, the Länder and local authorities, civil society, industry and science, as well social partners, those responsible for data protection,

This support includes a modern regulatory framework for ensuring freedom, transparency, data protection and security and also for preserving competition in the digital world.

zzthe initiation of new business models and innovative services by fostering the development and distribution of big data and cloud applications that offer greater security and data privacy;

Meanwhile, we will improve Internet data protection and consumer information in relation to online companies. Informational self-determination and data autonomy for consumers must be based on the core principles of transparency with accessible customer information

We are strongly supporting the adoption of an EU-wide basic regulation on data protection enshrining the applicability of EU data protection law for Internet enterprises based outside the EU (marketplace principle.

and data protection. 4. Reconfiguring the workplace in the digital world The progressive digital transformation is creating new areas of activity and job opportunities.

Efficient, reliable and cost-effective communication infrastructure is as important in this context as standards for ensuring data protection, data security and interoperability.

System security and data protection are the key crosscutting issues of digitisation and are incorporated into all areas of activity in the Digital Agenda. 1. Greater online protection for citizens

The complementary initiatives IT SECURITY in business (IT-Sicherheit in der Wirtschaft) and Alliance for cyber security (Allianz für Cybersicherheit) are being expanded. 2. Modern data protection for the information age We are committed to a high level of data protection

and harmonise European data protection law in the digital internal market in order to strengthen the rights of citizens in the networked world

and recognise the importance of data protection as a crucial factor in a business location. The most important step to achieving this goal will be the adoption of the General Data protection Regulation by 2015 at the latest.

We also want to have a high level of data protection to respond to issues arising from the new technologies

or types of data processing such as big data, profiling, web tracking or cloud computing to protect privacy. 32 VI.

SICHERHEIT, SCHUTZ UND VERTRAUEN FÜR GESELLSCHAFT UND WIRTSCHAFT zzin response to global networking and revelations about the misuse of personal data

we want to be in the vanguard of the development of international data protection principles. To this end, we are engaging in dialogue with partners around the world. 3. Consumer protection in the digital world Consumer sovereignty on the digital markets must be restored

zzwe are introducing a right of associations to take legal action to improve data protection. zzhigh standards of data protection

We are therefore supporting and demanding technology-based data protection (privacy by design) and privacy-friendly default settings (privacy by default).

and ensure they are equipped better to distinguish between legal and illegal activities on the Internet. zzwe will clarify the future status and role of the Data protection Foundation (Stiftung Datenschutz).

, completion of the digital single market, data protection, the protection of intellectual property on the Internet,

and licences 3. 4 Programming 4. Safety 4. 1 Protecting devices 4. 2 Protecting personal data 4. 3 Protecting health 4. 4

engaging in online citizenship, protecting personal data, and so on. In this way digital literacy frameworks adopt a holistic approach,

accessibility) Storytelling (e g. multimedia, augmentation) Security & encryption (e g. data protection, basic encryption) Remixing (e g. mashups,

USEMP aims at empowering social network users with regards to the sharing of their personal data and its potential economic value.

or the connection between personal data, economic value, and currencies (USEMP). Moreover, assessment of the CAPS projects themselves is key to these projects,

or new valuation practices of personal data (USEMP).(Open) Data Integrationeach social network has a different affordance for users.

Personal data ecosystems (PDE) has recently been developed by the World Economic Forum and further elaborated by the Ontario Information and Privacy Commission and others.

and may in fact assume a personal data vault to provide a secure environment for effective control over relevant data.

USEMP will develop a set of tools allowing users of online social networks greater control over the personal data they share within the network

Furthermore, most users have accepted giving away their personal data in exchange for free services. Yet this bargain not only undermines privacy

and weakens data protection but also commodifies knowledge, identity and personal data. There are other models that focus on innovation.

as alternatives to the centralised models of the current dominant global platforms that often monetise and sell personal data Creation and consolidation of new monopolies:

as long as the privacy and data protection of all citizens is preserved and that communities are entitled to share the value

start-ups and social innovators Taxes Crowdfunding & Challenge Prizes Open access Open standards Interoperability Open licensing Open platforms Open Data privacy-aware technologies

and encryption Federated identity management Data control and data ownership The EU data protection reform package Directive on the reuse of public sector information Copyright reform Net Neutrality Magna carta for the Internet Enabling

while preserving citizens'rights and data protection. One of the first steps of DSI policy implementation should be to integrate new legal approaches to open access, open standards and copyright reforms.

An important general issue is to conceive transparency/open data and privacy/data protection as complementary issues and not as opposites.

the right to data protection and privacy, as given in both legal frameworks (such as data protection) and technologies (such as encryption) should apply to individual citizens.

Conversely, institutions and in particular public institutions and work done with public money should be open and transparent.

A broader investigation on the implications of the current personal data market and the role of data brokers64 will be crucial for understanding the future of bottom-up digital economies.

Personal data stores There are also new available solutions, such as Mydex, Qiy, Citizenme65 and many others that are part of an emerging sector of Open Personal data Stores66,

Privacy Dashboards, and Trust frameworks to manage identity, that have emerged out of a new vision of identity management

The EU data protection reform package Growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe 77 The Data protection reform is currently being discussed by Member States The aim is to to build a single and comprehensive data protection framework to develop tools

Companies should be compelled to be transparent about how they collect users'personal data and the real value they extract from trading personal information.

including the right to control how personal data is used, the right to avoid having information collected in one context

and the right to know who is accountable for the use or misuse of an individual's personal data.

and weakens data protection, but also commodifies knowledge, identity, and personal data. Unfortunately, most European ICT research is developed to fit into this centralised model,

which only aggravates the situation; and the European commission has been funding excellent basic research on the Internet of things (Iot) and the Future Internet area.

and the ideas being developed by Mydex that adapt vendor relationship-management software tools to put citizens in control of the personal data held by big firms and public agencies.

The Future of privacy, data protection, trust & ethics, emphasising the need for privacy-aware technologies;

decentralization, and data protection. Harry Halpin (IRI) presented a lightning talk on Digital Social Innovation to an audience of nearly one hundred,

analyse and sell personal data, turning personal data in what has been defined as the oil of the Internet economy.

Most users have accepted exploitative business models based on privacy infringement and often hidden surveillance mechanisms in exchange for free services.

and weakens data protection but also commodifies knowledge, identity, and personal data. European SMES, developers and social innovators are innovating with cheap open hardware, open source software, open knowledge, open data and analytics faster,

Users should be able to set the terms for controlling their personal data, including data portability.

and personal data in an integrated fashion and based on democratic and participatory processes. The EU data protection reform package currently being discussed by Member States is moving in this direction

trying to build a single and comprehensive data protection framework to develop tools and initiatives to enhance citizens awareness,

and ensure that businesses receive guidance on data anonymisation and pseudonymisation. 3. The main questions in a data-driven society emerge around new governance modalities for Big data, collective ownership of data, data portability,

eu 131. http://ec. europa. eu/justice/data protection/index en. htm 132. http://bit. ly/1kivc4h 133.

as long as the privacy and data protection of all citizens is preserved and that communities are entitled to share the value

networking, users control personal data Mobilising critical mass to achieve social & institutional change New instruments to mobilise resources for DSI organisations Building strong ties,

It's an issue that people are just beginning to think about now especially in the context of sites like Facebook that attract advertisers with personal data that people opt to share.

as long as the privacy and data protection of all citizens is preserved and that communities are entitled to share the value

networking, users control personal data Mobilising critical mass to achieve social & institutional change New instruments to mobilise resources for DSI organisations Building strong ties,

It's an issue that people are just beginning to think about now especially in the context of sites like Facebook that attract advertisers with personal data that people opt to share.

The European parliament calls for solutions to overcome the remaining barriers in the Digital Single Market (in the areas of delivery, VAT, payments, consumer rights, data protection, copyright), in line with proposals from the Commission.

aiming in particular at strengthened online privacy rights and boosting Europe's digital economy. The Commission's proposals update and modernise the principles enshrined in the Data protection Directive 95/46/EC,

to guarantee privacy rights in the future. They include a policy Communication setting out the Commission's objectives and two legislative proposals:

a General Data protection Regulation proposing a general EU framework for data protection41 and a Directive on protecting personal data processed for the purposes of the prevention, detection, investigation or prosecution of criminal offences and related judicial activities42.

The proposed General Data protection Regulation, by providing a single law, will substantially reduce the current fragmentation and costly administrative burdens, leading to savings for businesses of around €2. 3 billion a year,

and will help reinforce consumer confidence in online services, thus providing a much needed boost to growth, jobs and innovation in Europe.

The reform proposals are currently being discussed by the European parliament and the Council43. Electronic identification and signatures:

PDF 43 For further info, see http://ec. europa. eu/justice/data protection/index en. htm 44 COM (2012) 238/2 http://ec. europa. eu

and (iv) increasing the level of security of payments and data protection. The Commission will present the conclusions of this exercise and the next stages by mid-2012.

Certification would also encompass the verification that the provider has implemented the appropriate IT SECURITY and data protection measures,

labour conditions and employment, privacy and data protection, product return, sales conditions, parcel delivery, labelling and information requirements online,

such as unfair contract terms and guarantees, on a fully harmonised but reasonable and balanced basis. 1. 2. Data protection and privacy a balance between the citizens'right to privacy and the rights of businesses to capture data to optimally serve consumers. 1

and obligations of both consumers and businesses. 1. 2. DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY Privacy is valued a highly right in Europe.

The existing Data protection Directive has been implemented differently in different Member States. The proposed Data protection Regulation12 aims to remedy this.

It should strike the right balance between the respective interests of consumers and businesses. It should not prohibit businesses'legitimate commercial

comparison websites/tools, trustmarks, review tools. 1 Also see the Commissions communication on the proposed Data protection Package:

http://ec. europa. eu/justice/newsroom/data protection/news/120125 en. htm 2 http://www. eurocommerce. be/media/11042/briefing-cons-data protection. pdf

by default 84.1.4 ODR 84.2 Ecommerce Europe's additional proposals 84.2.1 Knowledge and Education 84.2.2 Stimulate education accessibility 84.2.3 Self-regulation 85 Data protection

and e-privacy 85.1 The position of Ecommerce Europe 95.1.1 General 95.1.2 Personal data and consent 95.1.3 Marketing, profiling

Information requirements should not lead to extra processing of personal data for evidence purposes. Online comparison tools should be transparent and reliable.

ADR/ODR mechanisms could be introduced as part of (European) trustmark schemes. 5. Data protection and e-Privacythe responsible use of personal data is a key element for trust in e-commerce.

Therefore, a comprehensive and effective data protection framework is of great importance. A coherent and comprehensive EU framework for personal data protection not only protects the privacy of European consumers;

it also facilitates the cross-border flow of personal data, thereby strengthening the single digital market and cross-border e-commerce.

As such, Ecommerce Europe welcomes the revision of the EU data protection framework and the proposal for a general data protection Regulation.

While data protection legislation may strengthen privacy and stimulate the single digital market, there are also concerns that the legal framework will be too strict and inflexible,

raising the cost of business through administrative burdens and slowing down innovation. For this reason, Ecommerce Europe calls on the EU, national authorities, operators and consumers to further reflect with relevant stakeholders (i e. data controllers

processors and data subjects) on the proposal in order to achieve a harmonised framework based on a balanced approach in this important legislative step. 8 Del Duca, L.,Rule, C.,Loebl,

The key positions of Ecommerce Europe in the area of data protection and e-Privacy are summarised below. 5. 1. 1 General European rules applicable to the processing of personal data must meet the dual objective of both

ensuring an adequate level of protection for personal data and ensuring the free movement of data within the EU. Ecommerce Europe stresses the need for general principles applicable to all processing of data,

Ecommerce Europe welcomes the instrument of a Regulation for data protection as it will ensure a harmonised approach to data protection in Europe.

Ecommerce Europe underlines the importance of the‘legitimate interests of the data controller'as a ground for processing personal data.

and allows for necessary flexibility in processing personal data. 5. 1. 2 Personal data and consent The broad definition of personal data in the new Regulation may lead to unnecessarily high compliance costs and additional administrative burdens for merchants.

Ecommerce Europe feels a more limited definition of personal data is necessary. Ecommerce Europe opposes the strict requirements for explicit consent proposed in the new Data protection Regulation

as it places an unnecessary burden on both consumers and merchants. An approach to consent requirements based on the sensitivity of the data processing activities is preferable.

Ecommerce Europe stresses that the balance between data protection and business interests as mentioned in Directive 95/46/EC-should be kept in place.

Article 6 of the new general data protection regulation-which lays down the need for one consent from the data subject

in order to process data is vital but over-emphasised by the Commission. The draft of the new definition however, increases the formality of obtaining consent.

The new Data protection Regulation should aim to strike a fair balance between protecting individuals'rights to data privacy

and preserving the commercial freedoms of companies to engage with consumers. 9 Controllers use personal data

data subjects should be in control of their personal data. It will be important to strike a balance between individual rights, consumer trust, the public interest and the right of free access to (and collection of) information.

and Enforcement National Data protection Authorities/Supervisory Authorities and Article 29wp/EU data protection board must focus on enforcing the law,

and must not form part of the budget of the Data protection Authorities. An independent judge must have a more prominent role in the interpretation of the data protection law.

Any data protection regulation should be technology-neutral considering the emergence of new technologies such as mobile e-commerce (m-commerce.

5. 2 Ecommerce Europe's additional proposals5. 2. 1 Knowledge and education Both consumers and merchants need to be educated on (new) data protection requirements.

Merchants must be provided with tools for compliance (e g. standard PIA, privacy policies. These tools must be voluntary,

data subjects should be educated on how they can protect their personal data. 5. 2. 2 Self-regulation Data protection requirements should be included in (national) e-commerce trustmark schemes. 6. Electronic signatures and e-Identificationsecure, reliable,

and taken into account by policymakers in certain areas (e g. data protection) but may be leveraged in the formulation of specific initiatives across all areas for example,

and on identifying avenues for consensus with external partners on the protection of personal data? Indeed, if Europe's history can be of any value here,

Aspects such as data protection and information security become increasingly important Ireland is positioned well with regard to Data protection legislation and neutrality,

The forthcoming report of the Cloud Implementation Group and proposed actions/considerations will have some relevance for BPO, particularly in relation to infrastructures and data protection.