digital divide

Digital divide

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and to fight a very concerning academic digital divide which is evident even among world universities from developed countries.

low job skills and the digital divide Jobbanken (DK) Supporting people with a mental illness (back) into work, giving them self-esteem,

Smart places Eastserve, Manchester (UK) Tackling local digital divide, low skills, high unemployment and poverty, improving engagement and social cohesion Naprawmyto (PL) Facilitating local action and dialogue on local problems,

low job skills and the digital divide-Improve digital search skills for all types of unemployed with focus on low qualified,

Strategic and operational considerations In the Surfen zum job case, the civil society initiator and operator has a goal of tackling the digital divide through pilots rather than itself providing a long-term solution

How to mitigate the digital divide, in terms of access, affordablity, skills and use, whereby some individuals, groups and localities are disadvantaged?

summary Focus area Case Social needs addressed Summary Smart places Eastserve, Manchester (UK) 40 Tackling local digital divide, low skills, high

drawing on the process taxonomy presented in section 2. Smart places Eastserve uses relatively standard ICT alongside physical and traditional activities under the motto‘from digital divide to digital dividend'in

Policy issues The Eastserve case shows there is need a for innovative approaches to tackling inequalities in the‘digital divide,

Is there a digital divide issue? Amongst practitioners? Patients? Volunteers? How to balance data privacy, protection and misuse with openness, transparency and the benefits of big data.

www. si-drive. www Millard, J (2014a forthcoming) The digital divide and the global post-2015 development debate, In Andreasson, K. Ed.:

Digital divides: the new challenges and opportunities of e-Inclusive. The Taylor & francis Group. Millard, J (2014b forthcoming) Open governance systems:

Previously, she was Senior Researcher at CPQD in Brazil coordinating R&d projects related to the digital divide. 6 Dr. Maurizio Teli has recently been appointed as Research Fellow at the Department of Information Engineering and Computer science of the University of Trento (Italy.

the second level of the digital divide (not access to the internet, but rather the lack of skills to use it);

Global warming, implications of population ageing, the digital divide and security issues across the internet, are examples of problems experienced across nations, to a greater or lesser extent,

the second level of the digital divide (not access to the internet, but rather the lack of skills to use it);

Global warming, implications of population ageing, the digital divide and security issues across the internet, are examples of problems experienced across nations, to a greater or lesser extent,

Bridging this digital divide can help members of disadvantaged social groups to participate on a more equal footing in the digital society (including services of direct interest to them such as elearning, egovernment, ehealth) and increase their employability and quality of life (Europe's Digital Agenda.

Digital inclusion aims to bridge the digital divide, by actively involving disadvantaged users. In this way, it links well to the Digital Agenda, another flagship initiative of the Europe 2020 strategy37. 21st century society increasingly demands digital literacy

digital divide and unequal benefits of technological innovations could lead to a vicious cycle for vulnerable groups,

bridging the digital divide between Member States; matching migrant skills to the labour market, as well as those of the young unemployed. yy Investing in citizens, including protecting the most vulnerable:

such as investing in developing a high-speed broadband in rural areas or setting up cross-border regional projects to shorten the digital divide.

The digital divide 36 and its implications for political equality are potential danger areas for open democracy.

The access to the infosphere created by the digital ecosystem commons represents one of the most promising strategies to reduce the digital divide between SMES and large enterprises.

The EU could help close this digital divide. Recommendation 16: The EU needs to help close the digital divide between Member States with high-level of digital literacy and digital administrative processes and those with low-levels

eco-innovation observatory Eco-innovate! A guide to eco-innovation for SMES and business coaches Editors Michal Miedzinski, Technopolis Group Belgium Martin Charter, The Centre for Sustainable Design, University for the Creative Arts

Despite the gradual decrease in digital divides, the potential is even clearer if we keep in mind the differences in technology access

Bifurcation of Policy between the Digital divide and the Innovation Divide*,"Sociological Inquiry, Vol. 80, No. 1, 2010, pp. 63-91.

and Yong Suk Jang,"The Global Digital divide: A Sociological Assessment of Trends and Causes,"Social science Computer Review, Vol. 21, No.

and Jennifer Owens,"The digital divide and e-government services,"paper presented at Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, Tallinn, Estonia, ACM, 2011.

and Rasool Azari,"Global digital divide: Influence of socioeconomic, governmental, and accessibility factors on information technology,"Information technology for Development, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2008, pp. 91-115.

and E. M. Crenshaw,"Reevaluating the Global Digital divide: Socio-Demographic and Conflict Barriers to the Internet Revolution*,"Sociological Inquiry, Vol. 80, No. 1, 2010, pp. 34-62.

and Jan Van dijk,"Internet skills and the digital divide,"New Media & Society, Vol. 13, No. 6, 2011, pp. 893-911.

Bridging the digital divide. New delhi, Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, pp. 169-181. Schamp, E w. and V. Lo (2003:

thus, the application of ICT may increase the demand and wages for skilled labour and decrease the same for unskilled labour(‘digital divide').

The TLS sector is characterised by a pronounced digital divide between small and large companies. In general, the ICT systems of large companies obviously tend to be more powerful and sophisticated than those of small firms.

The digital divide existing at an international, interregional level and between different types of enterprises will still prevail.

There is still a need to narrow digital divides and policy should: Ensure that all learners have equal and ubiquitous ICT access, in and out of school;

Consider whether mhealth can overcome the digital divide. Telemedicine Identify and review the most frequently used telemedicine approaches across the globe as well as emerging and innovative solutions.

Despite this encouraging progress, there are important digital divides that need to be addressed: 4. 3 billion people are still not online,

reinforcing the urban-rural digital divide. As this report finds, ICT performance is better in countries with higher shares of the population living in urban areas, where access to ICT infrastructure,

35 2. 2 Global IDI analysis...41 2. 3 Monitoring the digital divide: Developed, developing and least connected countries...

digital divides remain and are even widening in some segments. In particular, there is a significant and persistent urban-rural digital divide,

whereby urban citizens enjoy ubiquitous mobile network coverage, affordable high-speed Internet services and the higher levels of skills required to make effective use of online content and services,

however, that digital divides still exist and that some people are excluded still from access to communication networks.

These numbers reveal significant digital divides between and within regions and point to opportunities for service providers to increase their subscriber base (ITU, 2014).

a more nuanced analysis needs to be carried out to identify digital divides. Table 1. 2 shows that, for example, domain-name registrations are still dominated by content providers in developed countries,

identify digital divides and measure the developmental impacts of ICTS. In this context the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development was launched during the UNCTAD XI conference in June 2014,

Worldwide, telecommunication/ICTS should be 40%more affordable by 2020a Goal 2. Inclusiveness Bridge the digital divide

the digital divide, i e. differences between countries in terms of their levels of ICT development; the development potential of ICTS or the extent to which countries can make use of ICTS to enhance growth and development, based on available capabilities and skills.

Section 2. 3 analyses the global digital divide by looking at the IDI results by level of development as well as by groups of countries with different IDI levels.

2013 55 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 2. 3 Monitoring the digital divide: Developed, developing and least connected countries Tracking the global digital divide is one of the main objectives of the IDI.

The digital divide can be understood as the difference in ICT development, within and between countries, regions or other groupings.

In this section, IDI performance will be analysed and compared with regard to levels of (economic) development, and on the basis of IDI groupings (based on IDI values).

The digital divide is measured by looking at differences in IDI values between these different groups. As a composite index that consolidates several ICT indicators into one single value,

whether the digital divide has been increasing or decreasing over the past year. Special emphasis is placed on those countries that lie at the bottom of the IDI the socalled least connected countries (LCCS.

Therefore, for the purpose of comparing levels of ICT development and analysing the digital divide, countries are grouped also on the basis of their IDI value.

Chapter 1 of this report drew attention to the significant and persistent urban-rural digital divide.

The results confirm the strong need to address the urban-rural digital divide that prevails in many developing countries.

and identify digital divides. The telecom industry's use of big data Telecommunication companies are actively seeking to intensify their use of big data analytics

this information could provide new and rich insights into the digital divide and help understand usage patterns,

For example, in 225 Measuring the Information Society Report 2014 order to identify the digital divide, it is important to measure the relative performance of countries (i e. the divide among countries).

skills and inclusion bridges the digital divide for all consumers in order to benefit equally and fully from the advantages of ICT services 7. Pillar VII ICT-Enabled benefits for EU Society-focuses on ICT's capability to reduce energy consumption,

which aims to end the digital divide, a term used to describe the fact that the world can be divided into people who do

%This form of digital divide has been and will be for several years included on digital agenda of development of Romania,

and initiatives for reducing the digital divide (OECD, 2002b, see Table 3). Most governments provide ICT training

'However,'the'development'of'territorial'ICT'infrastructures'(such'as'the'broadband'connection)' and'the'absence'of'a'digital'divide'are'important'determinants

'For'example,'overcoming'the'territorial'digital'divide'is'a'necessary 'but'insufficient'condition'to (become (an (adopter.'

digital divide.''''Second,'legislative'factors'are'also'critical.''Differently'from'eqprocurement,'law'imposition'is'not'so'relevant'for'the'adoption'of'telework.'

'broadband'connection)' for'eliminating'territorial'digital'divides.''2. Elaborate'policy! guidelines'for'harmonizing'national'and'regional'laws'with'the'proposals'adopted'by'the'European'commission'in'December'2011'(IP/11/1580)' on'public'procurement's'modernization.'

'broadband'connection)' for'eliminating'territorial'digital'divides.''2. Implement'the! European-Framework-Agreement-on-Telework-(EFAT)- at'the'national'level'according'to'the'most'appropriate'regulatory'tools'(i e.'

Digital divide A study by the Commission on ICT in education also showed dramatic results in EU countries:

In an attempt to reduce the digital divide looming over Europe, commissioners Neelie Kroes in charge of the digital agenda and Androulla Vassiliou,

With the increasing importance of Information and Communication Technologies,(ICTS), the digital divide has grown at a rapid pace.

such as the digital divide which increases the development gap, free circulation and equal access to data, information and to good practices and the knowledge of information societies,

Digitally Empowered Communities The new digital divides relate to usage, rather than access. More capable individuals and communities will grab the opportunities for empowerment afforded to them-including those opened by digital technology.

3 Small Organisations and e-business 3 The two digital divides 3 Background 4 Major obstacles 5 2. THE DIGITAL SYSTEMS EVOLUTION AND THE ADOPTION PHASES...

and adoption of ICT technologies and thus to avoid a digital divide between larger and smaller enterprises and among geographical areas.

The two digital divides At the Lisbon summit in March 2000, the European union representatives set the goal of becoming the world's most dynamic and competitive knowledge-based economy by 2010 with the need to promote an‘Information Society

'and to address the issues of the digital divide in the adoption of Internet and e-business use.

The statistical evidence points to two main digital divides on e-business issues within European Member States:

The regional digital divide arising from the different rates of progress in ebusiness development within the EU,

The digital divide by company size arising from the significant‘gaps'between SMES and larger enterprises in the more advanced forms of electronic commerce and particularly in terms of e-business integration and associated skills.

and ICT usage by European enterprises survey of 20011 The effect of the two digital divides is cumulative

whilst in the others the two digital divides will increase: they will be disadvantaged further respect the large enterprises

India's knack for frugal innovation should contribute to providing cheap solutions for bridging this digital divide.

Box 2 assesses the nature of the digital divide in Europe; and Box 3 discusses the challenges large emerging economies must overcome

which illustrates the changing nature of the digital divide in Europe and in the rest of the world.

The digital divide should not be regarded only in terms of access to ICT infrastructure, but also in terms of the impacts that using ICTS can provide for the economy and society in general.

Yet a significant digital divide persists between the most advanced economies such as the Asian Tigers and Japan and emerging economies and other trailing countries.

highlighting the rise of the new digital divide that is, the divide between countries that are achieving positive economic and social impacts related to the use of ICTS

and entrepreneurship, will be The Global Information technology Report 2014 xiii Executive Summary 2014 World Economic Forum crucial to avoid the emergence of a new digital divide that will be evident in a disparity of the economic and social

given their need to narrow the digital divide. Even within developed nations, the need to provide high-speed broadband to all segments of the population has acquired greater importance in recent years.

Box2 assesses the nature of the digital divide in Europe; and Box3 discusses the challenges large emerging economies must overcome

Which countries are bridging the digital divide and which countries are not? An evolutionary analysis of the NRI results The GITR series, through its Networked Readiness Index (NRI),

As a result, there has been little progress in bridging the digital divide across nations. This lack of progress casts doubts about the capacity of developing and emerging economies to embrace the full potential that ICTS have to offer.

Which countries are bridging the digital divide and which countries are not? An evolutionary analysis of the NRI results (cont'd.)From this classification, we can learn several interesting things.

which illustrates the changing nature of the digital divide in Europe and in the rest of the world.

The digital divide should not be regarded only in terms of access to ICT infrastructure but also in terms of the impacts that using ICTS can provide for the economy and society in general.

and provides some recommendations for policies that would help to bridge the European digital divide. Luxembourg, in 11th place, climbs five places thanks to continued improvements across the board.

A digital divide persists within the European union. Although it is difficult to create homogeneous groups of European countries in terms of their level of digitization

they may not be the main source of the digital divide in Europe. 3. The cost of accessing ICTS is similar in all EU Member States

illustrating the new nature of the digital divide in Europe. Because the benefits of ICTS increasingly permeate all activities,

the digital divide within Europe becomes starker when viewed by considering the impacts that benefit different stakeholders.

The digital divide in Europe 1. Political and regulatory environment 6. Individual usage 7. Business 5. Skills usage 8. Government 4. Affordability usage 3

Yet a significant digital divide persists between the most advanced economies such as the Asian Tigers and Japan and emerging economies and other trailing countries.

and digital divides that characterize India. The penetration of mobile phones is low (69.9 percent) and not growing,

highlighting the rise of the new digital divide that is, the divide between countries that are achieving positive economic and social impacts related to the use of ICTS

and entrepreneurship, will be crucial to avoid the emergence of a new digital divide that will be evident in a disparity of the economic and social impacts associated with

Efforts to close the digital divide in these countries should focus not only on developing their ICT infrastructures

in order to avoid the perpetuation of the gap in economic and social impacts that constitute the new digital divide.

the digital divide between advanced economies and emerging and developing ones persists. This is notable especially in terms of the economic and social impacts that ICTS can provide

and that characterize the changing nature of this digital divide. The NRI results show that many developing

Efforts to continue bettering these conditions for innovation will be key to reducing this new digital divide going forward.