High level

Country level (3)
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High level (53)
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Level (697)

Synopsis: Level: High level:

Trends were appearing in terms of focus of countries at different stages of economic development with those countries with lower development levels favouring a socioeconomic focus while those with higher levels of economic development lean towards a techno-economic focus.

followed by the development of higher level priorities through negotiations among the representatives of member states.

i e. foresight exercises need to be assessed in terms of their contribution to the attainment of higher level, generic goals.

In this paper, we argue that one higher level of reference is offered by a commonly agreed goal amongst the EU Member States

In this paper, a‘logic model'approach is used to develop an‘objectives hierarchy'describing the relationships between higher level goals,

if the higher level goals are to be realised. In parallel, working from the bottom up a‘logic model'approach is used also to provide checklists of the foresight inputs

and activities likely to lead to the attainment of both lower and higher level system goals,

'which provides the higher level of reference needed to assess foresight exercises irrespective of their specific aims, scopes and levels of implementation.

despite the high level of complexity that became apparent in certain process phases. Members of the core team had to invest about seven full days over a nine months period for participating in the RIF procedure.

The High level Expert Group appointed by the European commission crystallized these trends by defining foresight as follows 5:

Foresight for Europe, Final Report of the High level Expert Group for the European commission, April 24, 2002, European commission, Brussels, 2002.6 A. Eerola, E. Väyrynen, Developing technology forecasting and technology assessment

This marriage may bring agent modeling to a higher level of usefulness, pending of course, the limits imposed by the assumption of reductionism.

in order to judge later on if the high level experts assess the topics differently from the mainstream. The expertise was the only criteria

Emulators try to break into the higher levels by emulating an Achiever not realising that they do not have the physical

or three in which high levels of new investment could be targeted, but this was always going to be near impossible for the FNR Foresight exercise to achieve, for several reasons.

and the FNR sought to comply by repackaging its programme priorities into higher level national priorities.

According to the survey respondents the majority of trends identified contain medium to high level possibility of controversy.

Almost all respondents from all regions considered that there is a medium to high level of occurrence of the trends identified. 75%of the North american respondents considered that the likelihood of occurrence was high,

The first one is related to the high level of complexity and turbulence that will characterise our cities in the twenty-first Century.

in order to achieve coherence among network partners in progressing towards higher levels of sustainability. They argue that, in addition to governments

the higher levels provide the context for lower level meaning. At the level of goal-oriented acts, progress may be defined as successful problem-solving,

with the support of FTA, achieving influence among their partners to progress towards higher levels of sustainable development,

it may also influence partners in their progress towards higher levels of sustainable development. The Maturity Model suggested in Table 3 (Cagnin 2005) uses the notion of evolution in

but also enable all actors within such networks to progress towards higher levels of sustainable development. What one part does to another is interpreted indefinitely

or for moving the whole system towards higher levels of sustainable development. Dialogue and information-sharing, founded on trust,

These might be the necessary characteristics to enable actors within business networks to perform at higher levels

and guidelines that are set at higher levels of the government institutions they work in. If those priorities change either in the light of foresight results

we have used a higher level classification, through which 628 subclasses are aggregated into 35 technological fields, as also proposed by WIPO.

prototype of fast reactor nuclear power plant design and verification technology'',High level radioactive waste geologic disposal technologies,

and methods of social scanning and prediction markets could be used to improve professional forecasting and foresight in an era of complex phenomena and disruptive events with high level of uncertainties.

/Technological forecasting & Social Change 80 (2013) 408 418 Fig. 1 shows a framework that operationalizes the high level outline of adaptive policy-making.

and what typically would be considered more Table 1 High level uncertainties. Name Description Ranges Parametric uncertainties A wide variety of parametric uncertainties are explored,

The German research system is characterized by its high level of institutional fragmentation 53 and this institutional fragmentation can also be observed with regard to the governance of science, technology and innovation in the field of nanotechnology. 4. Comparing the US and Germany 4. 1. Timing and intervention Between the late 1980s and the late 1990s,

‘‘have institutions in both spheres that reflect higher levels of non-market coordination''24. Examples of LME are Britain, Ireland, Australia, New zealand, Canada and the USA.

Then, a‘logic model'approach is used to develop an‘objectives hierarchy'describing the relationships between higher level goals

if the higher levels goals are to be realised. In parallel, a‘logicmodel'approach is used also to provide checklists of the foresight inputs

and activities likely to lead to the attainment of both lower and higher level system goals,

Supporting evidence and issue description Another common question concerned the high level of aggregation of the issues in the descriptions in the scan highlights the danger of superficiality.

high levels of interaction; inclusion in organizational renewal procedures; ideational entrepreneurship; persistence and innovation, especially in communications;

medicine with testing linked to information networks and personalized treatment High throughput technologies Rapid pathogen genetic characterization, high level of biosecurity Users'requirement Access to latest technologies

Open processes based on high levels of participation allow for far greater input of information from different perspectives, but run the risk of a decrease in quality control

One response, based on introducing higher levels of flexibility into governance systems, is via a much more systematic embedding of FTA within government.

that immediately after reaching a certain level of understanding about the complexity of the main theme considered in the exercise (high level of shared understanding),

to achieve high levels of common understanding about future possibilities and impacts associated with the theme of the main exercise.

when precompetitive technological programs reach government decision-making at high levels. Academia: representatives from universities and research institutions tend to impose barriers to accepptin strategic foresight activities.

However, higher levels of interaction need not necessarily be better for innovattio system functioning either. This is because strong cooperative relationships can lead to overembedddedness marked by myopia and inertia (Woolthuis et al. 2005.

2010)‘ Joint programming in research 2008 2010 and beyond',Report of the High level Group on Joint Programming to the Council, November 2010.

and South-South groupings flourish Science funding closely linked to specific national priorities High levels of societal engagement in science threaten some of its institutions,

A higher level of science literacy has been achieved through a mix of measures around general education, e g. teaching critical thinking and better appreciation of risk and uncertainty.

to potential barriers to transnational research programming. 2. 3 High level of complexity calls for a systemic,

'Final Report of the High level Expert Group for the European commission, 24 april 2002. Brussels: European commission..(2008)‘ Summary of the Impact assessment',Commission Staff Working Document.

At the same time, the new global context suggests increased financial, trade and investment flows leading to high levels of interconnectedness.

On the other hand, the concept of an emerging issue refers to a higher level of abstraction in the sense that an issue emerges

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