and organic materials convert low energy photons into visible light that a solar cell can capture. Cadmium selenide nanocrystals with one kind of organic coating left produced violet light,
or pconvertedinto a higher energy photon that is readily absorbed by photovoltaic cells, generating electricity from light that would normally be wasted.
which capture the infrared photons, and organic molecules, which help combine the energy from these photons together into an upconverted photon.
In experiments lead selenide nanocrystals captured near-infrared photons, and the organic compound rubrene emitted visible yellow-orange photons.
The researchers noted that lead selenide nanocrystals and rubrene were relatively inefficient at upconversion. However, in experiments with a hybrid material made of cadmium selenide nanocrystals and the organic compound diphenylanthracene,
which absorbs green light and emits violet light, the investigators could boost upconversion up to a thousandfold by coating the nanocrystals with anthracene, a component of coal tar.
The scientists added that the ability to upconvert two low energy photons into one high-energy photon has potential applications in biological imaging, high-density data storage,
and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDS) L
#Google s Unified Privacy Policy Draws Threat Of $15m Fine In The netherlands The national data protection authority in The netherlands has warned Google that it could be fined up to $15 million
When a constant current is applied to an LED light bulb a constant stream of photons are emitted from the bulb
This approach tries to contain plasma by reflecting particles from high-density magnetic fields to low-density ones.
nanometre scale particles mixed in water. These particles can be engineered chemically to bind together to form specific structures.
But as the building blocks become bigger, it takes longer for Brownian motion to jiggle the blocks into the appropriate locations.
The new approach is to place the particles in a fluid flow and see whether this helps them assemble.
The particles they want to assemble are tiny droplets of fluorinated oil placed in water. These droplets are 50 micrometres in diameter
they begin to assemble into specific shapes that depend on the number and types of particles involved but not on the detail of the initial conditions.
To make the ceramic nano-trusses Greer s lab uses a technique called two-photon interference lithography.
Earlier this year Siemens broke ground in Mainz Germany on what it says will be the world s largest proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer.
Thermoelectric materials can turn a temperature difference into electricity by exploiting the flow of electrons from a warmer area to a cooler one.
The water is pretreated to remove oil and grease residue and solid particles. The company heats the saline water
when sunlight strikes a solar cell it produces some very high-energy electrons but within a few trillionths of a second those electrons shed most of their energy as waste heat.
The Sharp team found a way to extract these electrons before they give up that energy thereby increasing the voltage output of their prototype solar cell.
It s far from a practical device it s too thin to absorb much sunlight
and for now it works only with a single wavelength of light but it s the first time that anyone has been able to generate electrical current using these high-energy electrons.
which create a shortcut for high-energy electrons to move out of the solar cell. Another way to achieve ultra-high efficiencies now is by stacking up different kinds of solar cells (see Exotic Highly Efficient Solar cells May Soon Get Cheaper)
Meanwhile MIT researchers are studying the transient behavior of electrons in organic materials to find inexpensive ways to make ultra-efficient solar cells.
which increase efficiency by helping electrons flow more freely out of the material, and they use copper rather than silver electrodes to save costs.
or virus-like particles onto each coupon, and then tested survival of virus at various time points,"said Manuel.
Virus-like particles are the shells of viruses, which have the same surface properties as infectious virus,
Ten minutes'exposure was sufficient to virtually abolish the receptor-binding ability of human norovirus virus-like particles,
configured to detect different particles or molecules, researchers said. The device, described in a study published in the journal Scientific Reports,
configured to detect different particles or molecules, researchers said. The device, described in a study published in the journal Scientific Reports,
configured to detect different particles or molecules, researchers said. The device, described in a study published in the journal Scientific Reports,
#Cern experts discover new particle pentaquark Scientists at Cern's Large hadron collider on Tuesday announced the discovery of a new class of exotic subatomic particles called the pentaquarks.
Pentaquark was predicted first to exist in the 1960s but, much like the Higgs boson particle before it,
the particle eluded science for decades until its detection at the LHC.""The pentaquark is not just any new particle,
"said LHCB spokesperson Guy Wilkinson.""It represents a way to aggregate quarks, namely the fundamental constituents of ordinary protons and neutrons,
in a pattern that has never been observed before in over 50 years of experiments, "said Wilkinson."
the protons and neutrons from which we're all made, is constituted,"he said. Understanding of the structure of matter was revolutionized in 1964
when United states physicist Murray Gell-Mann proposed that a category of particles known as baryons, which includes protons
and neutrons, are comprised of three fractionally charged objects called quarks, and that another category, mesons, are formed of quark-antiquark pairs.
Gell-Mann was awarded the Nobel prize in physics for this work in 1969. This quark model also allows the existence of other quark composite states
such as pentaquarks composed of four quarks and an antiquark k
#Sugar trail may lead to early cancer detection NEW DELHI: In a breakthrough that could lead to a new protocol for cancer detection and treatment,
scientists have identified a glucose delivery mechanism which helps cancer cells to survive and grow. The discovery can help in early detection of not only pancreatic and prostrate cancer but many others like cancer of the breast and colon.
Announcing the findings, scientists from the University of California, Los angeles (UCLA) also suggested the use of certain antidiabetic drugs to reduce the growth of tumours.
Their version of the device, the Nanofrazor, has been able to outperform conventional electron-beam lithography equipment used in the semiconductor manufacturing process and costs just $500
After trialing multiple technologies, the team has decided to build off of Particle. io cloud-based platform that enables users of Dustin Words to be able to update the functions of the buttons using a variety of online services including IFTTT, Twilio
It a unique mixture of 40%grinded wood particles in combination with the modified and proven easy-to-print binding polymers used for our Easyfil#filaments.
is a titanium alloy implant manufactured with Electron Beam Melt (EBM) technology. Due to its 3d printed nature, the implant can both be customized to the patient,
Using the momentum transferred from solar photons as they strike a large, thin, reflective sail would allow a spacecraft to accelerate continuously using only the sun energy.
Circinus X-1 is also the source of a surprisingly powerful jet of high-energy particles. t really hard to get accurate distance measurements in astronomy
The researchers also determined that the speed of the jet of high-energy particles produced by the system is at least 99.9%of the speed of light.
physicists have shown now that the production of low energy electrons by radio-sensitizers made of carbon nanostructures hinges on a key physical mechanism referred to as plasmons-collective excitations of so-called valence electrons;
Previous studies have revealed that gold and platinum nanoparticles produce a large number of electrons via the plasmon excitation mechanism.
this phenomenon yields electrons with higher energy than pure metals, thus inducing greater biological damage. In this study, the authors analysed the spectra of secondary electrons emitted from a carbon nanoparticle composed of fullerite,
a crystalline form of C60 fullerene, irradiated by an ion beam consisting of fast protons. They quantified the electron yield in a broad kinetic energy range,
using several different theoretical and numerical approaches. They found that a medium with an embedded carbon nanoparticle results in a number of low energy electrons several times higher than that emitted by pure water.
This may lead to the development of novel types of sensitizers composed of metallic and carbon-based parts.
Source: http://www. springer. co o
#CAP-XX Introduces Thinline Supercapacitors with Unique Nanotechnology Construction Examples include wearables (medical, fitness and health monitors, smart watches, drug delivery systems), portables (active
they are made up'of many smaller'bricks'--tightly packed clusters of particles or atoms. A promising area of use seems to be the transport of drugs to specific areas of the body.
with particles placed in accurate locations on the scaffold as per the specificity of DNA coding.
These designs contained two varied arrangements of the same group of particles with each configuration having different optical properties.
Thus the specifically DNA-encoded particles can find their correspondingly designed place on the octahedron vertices,
and complementary strands were utilized on a range of particles. This showed that both the arrangement
and assembly of the particles can be controlled in an accurate manner. In a similar experiment, two different arrangements were made from the same three pairs of particles having different sizes,
which resulted in products having varied optical characteristics. The team also used DNA tethers on specified vertices to join octahedrons end to end
However, a major challenge was to validate the arrangement and structure of particles. This is because the DNA molecules and nanoparticles,
While some microscopy methods can show the particles alone others would change the 3d structures.
The team employed cryo-electron microscopy, also known as CRYO EM, to observe the particles and origami frames. This work was headed by Huilin Li, Brookhaven Lab and Stony Brook University biologist,
and integrate the same by means of single particle 3d reconstruction and tomography to create the final images.
high conductivity for transporting electrons and a suitable pore architecture that allows for the rapid movement of ions from the electrolyte solution to the carbon surface."
and collecting the electrons that are emitted subsequently from the very top layer of the material.
Wu said. ee also able to pour the Fecl3 solution directly into the pyrrole solution--not drop by drop--to force the pyrrole to polymerize into a 3-D aerogel rather than PPY particles. n short,
and these particles not only serve as a cathode by corroding to protect the iron structure
the loss of zinc particles could be reduced rapidly. he team is now taking their work a step further by pursuing a 3-D PPY/PEDOT-based (poly (3,
4-ethylenedioxythiophene) electromagnetic absorber. ur goal is to grow solid-state polymerized PEDOT particles in the holes of the 3-D PPY aerogel formed by PPY chains, Wu added.
the electrons in the material are pushed towards the middle of the spiral, and a large amount of blue light is produced.
This is because the electrons are pushed to the outside of the spiral, which creates a destructive interference
The gold nano-spirals in this study were created using scanning electron-beam lithography-platinum or silver would also be suitable materials,
One Dalton is roughly the mass of a proton or neutron, and several thousand Daltons are the mass of individual proteins and DNA molecules.
it'll capture the viral particles in the analyzed environment. Oscillations will occur at a lower
configured to detect different particles or molecules. The price, thanks to the simplicity of the design
"At the highest temperatures, the electron temperature is much higher than that of acoustic vibrational modes of the graphene lattice,
As each atom decayed it lost a proton and became tellurium-125, a nonradioactive isotope of the element tellurium.
Then Alex Pronschinske, Ph d.,first author on the paper and a postdoctoral researcher in Sykeslab, suggested that they measure the electrons emitted by the sample without prodding from X-rays in the photoelectron spectrometer.
He was interested particularly in the emission of low energy electrons, which have been shown to be very effective in radiation oncology
Because these electrons can travel only 1 to 2 nanometers human hair is about 60,000 nanometers widehey do not affect healthy tissue and organs nearby.
The team calculated the number of low energy electrons they expected would be emitted by the sample
They found that the gold-bonded iodine-125 emitted six times as many low energy electrons as plain iodine-125.
you get this big flux of low energy electrons coming out. he finding suggests a new avenue for radiation oncology:
and emit low energy electrons, destroying the tumor DNA. The gold-based nanoparticles would be flushed out of the body,
Instead of emitting large amounts of low energy electrons as the gold-bound iodine does, the titanium capsules inhibit radiation,
Researchers in Sykes'lab are now assessing precisely how the low energy electrons travel through biological fluids.
"Enhancement of low energy electron emission in 2-D radioactive films.""Nature Materials. http://dx. doi. org/10.1038/nmat4323.
In the natural world, chirality is an inherent property of many objects that range from spiral galaxies to elementary particles.
The electrons necessary for this reaction travel through the external circuit, generating an electric current. A supercapacitor is similar to a battery in that it can generate and store electric current,
which works with last generation liposomes particles, concentrated in droplets, which function as a conveyor that wraps proteins
the team has unveiled how fluids behave under extreme confinement by using micron-sized particles known as colloids to act as oversized atoms.
This is not the same for colloidal particles, however, and this makes it possible for scientists to understand the behaviour of fluids such as water at extremely small scales.
#Electron Cryo-Microscopy Offers Extraordinary Details of Proteasome Complex Scientists have pioneered the use of a high-powered imaging technique to picture in exquisite detail one of the central proteins
Researchers used a technique called electron cryo-microscopy, or'CRYO EM'-imaging samples frozen to-180oc-to show the proteasome complex in such extraordinary detail that they could view a prototype drug bound to its active sites.
Electron cryo-microscopy is emerging as a complementary approach in cancer drug design to X-ray crystallography
They bombarded their samples with electrons and generated images using complex image-processing software. Senior study author Dr Edward Morris, Team Leader in Structural Electron microscopy at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, said:"
Michael Urbakh of the TAU School of Chemistry, both of the TAU-Tsinghua XIN Center, in collaboration with Prof.
Urbakh's group at TAU. Ming catalyzed the international collaboration.""The students from Tsinghua are remarkable.
The pulse generates an electric field as well as injecting electrons into the sample. By using a new theoretical approach developed by Dr. Kajita,
and it 200 times stronger than steel because of the way the atoms bond to form a hexagonal pattern (think of chicken wire) with a cloud of free electrons hovering above and below it,
along with other researchers developed nanoscale particles that introduce silver antimicrobial potency to a biocompatible lignin core.
coated with a layer of charged polymer that aids the particles to stick to the target microbes,
silver gets depleted from these particles. Upon disposal, the rest of the particles also degrade easily due to their biocompatible lignin core.
This greatly restricts the harm posed to the environment. People have been interested in using silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial purposes,
We are now working to scale up the process to synthesize the particles under continuous flow conditions.
which accelerates protons through a spiral path inside the machine and forces them to collide with a target made of the chemical element tantalum.
which enables the analysis of the 3d structures of these particles for the first time. Metallic nanoparticles have dimensions in the nanometer range
A direct electron detector is the second component which has a much higher sensitivity than conventional camera film.
This in depth information allowed the research team to gain new insights into the growth of these highly useful particles at individual atom level.
Particle 1 in action Monash University Youtube. comthe field had expected cubical or at least highly symmetrical platinum nanocrystals. t was surprising to learn that they form asymmetrical multi-domain structures,
#Simpler Thermodynamic Approach Could Help Improve the Performance of Graphene-Based Nanoelectronic Devices The researchers found that the energy of ultrafast electrical currents passing through graphene is converted very efficiently into electron heat,
making graphene electrons behave just like a hot gas. he heat is distributed evenly over all electrons.
maybe they could use our particles as well, Brandl says. hen we came up with the idea to use our particles to remove toxic chemicals, pollutants,
or hormones from water, because we saw that the particles aggregate once you irradiate them with UV LIGHT. trap for ater-fearingpollutionthe researchers synthesized polymers from polyethylene glycol,
a widely used compound found in laxatives, toothpaste, and eye drops and approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a food additive,
the stabilizing outer shell of the particles is shed, and now nrichedby the pollutants they form larger aggregates that can then be removed through filtration, sedimentation,
UW-Madison chemical engineering Professor Manos Mavrikakis and his collaborators have turned to the nanoscale structure of particles,
the researchers describe how they teased a small number of platinum atoms into hollow"cage"structures that prove to be 5. 5 times as potent as conventional platinum non-hollowed particles in an oxygen-reduction reaction crucial
and structure of the particle--details that make a tremendous difference in how reactive the particle ultimately is."
These particles showed a tendency to clump together via the sintering process, thereby minimizing the surface area. y using hollow structures,
we can use much larger particle sizes about 20 nanometers and we really don lose any surface area
Xia commented. e expect the durability of these larger particles to be much better. Other applications, including catalytic converters in automobiles, employ significant quantities of platinum.
and electrons that propagate along a surface of a metal strip. At the end of the strip they are converted back to light once again.
This DOE component is structured a micro optical element designed to modulate the photon propagation within the skin tissue
even down to the level of very small packets of quantum energy (a single photon.
The electrons in the silicon layer are isolated so from the silicon lattice they become highly sensitive to incoming radiation.
Subsequent pulmonary problems in the mice were linked mainly to coarser-grained smoke particles and cardiac problems to finer-grained particles.
A widely cited 2012 study, published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives, estimated that about 339,000 deaths worldwide between 1997 and 2006 were associated with forest, grass and peat fires.
because finer-grained particles are thought to penetrate further into the bloodstream than coarser ones do,
Finer-grained particles are also harder to block with the simple surgical masks that many people in Asian cities have worn traditionally as protection against air pollution.
which also includes PM2. 5 particles. No one is sure because so little research has been done to test the theory.
#Hadron collider discovers new particle Scientists at the Large hadron collider have announced the discovery of a new particle called the pentaquark.
It was predicted first to exist in the 1960s but, much like the Higgs boson particle before it,
In 1964, two physicists-Murray Gell Mann and George Zweig-independently proposed the existence of the subatomic particles known as quarks.
They theorised that key properties of the particles known as baryons and mesons were explained best if they were made in turn up of other constituent particles.
Zweig coined the term"aces"for the three new hypothesised building blocks, but it was Gell-Mann's name"quark"that stuck.
This model also allowed for other quark states, such as the pentaquark. This purely theoretical particle was composed of four quarks and an antiquark (the antimatter equivalent of an ordinary quark.
New states During the mid-2000s, several teams claimed to have detected pentaquarks, but their discoveries were undermined subsequently by other experiments."
"There is quite a history with pentaquarks, which is also why we were very careful in putting this paper forward,"Patrick Koppenburg,
"Physicists studied the way a subatomic particle called Lambda b decayed -or transformed-into three other particles inside LHCB.
The analysis revealed that intermediate states were involved sometimes in the production of the three particles.
These intermediate states have been named Pc (4450)+ and Pc (4380+."+"We have examined all possibilities for these signals,
Previous experiments had measured only the so-called mass distribution where a statistical peak may appear against the background noise"-the possible signature of a novel particle.
namely the four angles defined by the different directions of travel taken by particles within LHCB."
what we see could be due to something else other than the addition of a new particle that was observed not before."
"The pentaquark is not just any new particleit represents a way to aggregate quarks, namely the fundamental constituents of ordinary protons and neutrons,
the protons and neutrons from which we're all made, is constituted.""The LHC powered up again in April following a two-year shutdown to complete a programme of repairs and upgrades d
"Photonic"and"spintronic"computing is the principle of transferring information by light or electron spin.
Spin is a property of subatomic particles, which influences the ordering of electrons and nuclei in atoms and molecules.
The discovered property is observed usually in materials containing heavy elements, which are difficult to integrate into existing computing systems that are composed mainly of silicon.
This chirality means that silicon-based detectors are able to detect the spin of electrons and light,
Nand works by moving electrons back and forth to an isolated part of the transistors known as their"floating gates"to represent the ones and zeros of binary code.
Revisualizing a Classic Technique Known as single-particle cryo-electron microscopy or CRYO EM, the technique had largely been written off as useless for determining the structure of very small proteins.
The problem was that electron microscopes work by shooting electrons at the speed of light through a biological sample suspended in a vacuum;
when hit by the powerful stream of electrons. So scientists turned to using very low electron doses analogous to taking a photo in very low light
which minimizes the damage but leaves the image grainy. To reduce this blur, the team developed a new camera that records a movie of the wiggling sample under the microscope.
Another challenge was that earlier digital cameras used in CRYO EM detected light not electrons. So when the electron passed through the sample the signal had to be translated into light signals,
and resolution was lost in the process. his combination of the bad detector, blurring from the motion and radiation damage,
where the sample was being destroyed by the electrons, made it all a very difficult process,
To circumvent the problem of translating electrons into light, Cheng and Agard brought together a team
and developed a camera that detects electrons directly. The researchers collaborated with the electron microscopy company Gatan
As the beam hits these molecules, it can produce photons that have a different frequency from the laser light.
#New subatomic particle, the pentaquark, discovered Data from the Large hadron collider (LHC) outside Geneva appears to have proved the existence of particles made of five quarks, solving a 50-year-old puzzle about the building blocks of matter,
Quarks are the tiny ingredients of subatomic particles such as protons and neutrons, which are made of three quarks.
The less common and more unstable mesons, particles found in cosmic rays, have four. A five-quark version,
or"pentaquark",has been sought, but never found, ever since Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig theorised the existence of such subatomic particles in 1964.
Guy Wilkinson spokesman for the LHCB experiment based at CERN, the physics research centre that houses the LHC,
said a telltale"bump"seen in a graph of billions of particle collisions could only be explained by a five-quark particle."
"From the point of view of our experiment, we think it has fulfilled all criteria of discovery. We have no other way of explaining what we have seen.
since it started smashing protons together at close to the speed of light in 2010. Analysis of the collisions has already proved the existence of the Higgs boson
a particle that gives mass to matter, and scientists are now looking for a"dark universe"that they believe exists beyond the visible one.
The pentaquark discovery has opened even more new avenues.""What we want to do now is to look for other five-quark particles
and try and understand more about their nature, and this may tell us something about how even the matter inside our bodies is bound together,
Three drops carried away half the dust particles; the surface was cleaned completely with just 12 drops,
In this process, electrons are released as a waste product. By providing an electrode for the microorganisms to donate their electrons to
the electrons can be harvested as electricity. Research has shown that plant-growth isn compromised by harvesting electricity,
so plants keep on growing while electricity is produced concurrently. Just imagine, a house with a roof full of plant/tree life powering your home.
photons from the sun will strike the sail and push it forwards, similar to how a sail On earth catches the wind.
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