Spore

Bark (130)
Leaf (556)
Plant organ (201)
Plant part (47)
Plant tissue (140)
Reproductive structure (1424)
Root (513)
Spore (127)
Sprout (2)
Stalk (1210)

Synopsis: Plants: Plant parts: Spore:

whose spores lead to problems when breathed in. It has been discovered by scientists from Upstate Medical University

which found that after a Christmas tree has been on display for a fortnight, the number of airborne mould spores increases from 800 per 35 cubic feet to 5, 000.

and spread their spores. All four known fungi species live in Brazils Atlantic rain forest, which is rapidly changing due to climate change

Other fungus species develop explosive spores on infected ants bodies. When other ants come near the cadavers,

the shooting spores can hit the unwitting passersby, turning them too into zombie ants. Lodged in a zombie ants brain,

and were being used to create fungal spores. Researchers know propolis is an effective antifungal agent because they lined some hives with a propolis extract

the colonies relied on physically removing the spores. However, the self-medicating behavior does have limits.

and barometric pressure profiling Spore, dust, pollen counts Water quality assessments and survey Methane, ammonia, and CO2 sensing Trait assessment for breeding Wireless data collection from ground sensors Plant status tracking Crop status (growing stage, yield estimates, etc.)

In excreted fecal matter Cyclospora exists in the form of oocysts (a thick-walled structure containing immature dormant parasite spores) a product of sexual reproduction of the parasite.

Within two weeks the spores mature making the oocysts infectious. Neither the natural environments of this process nor the exact manner of transmission are known yet

Spores infect the sky But even though the Taupo diatom shells are pristine Theriot is doubtful any diatoms lived through the eruptions.

Instead he suspects diatom resting spores could travel the atmospheric currents dropping out and colonizing new ecosystems.

Diatoms fashion spores to ride out inhospitable changes in their environment Two years ago Danish researchers revived 100-year-old resting spores from muck in a local fjord.

Resting spores have been found in clouds. The eruption could have launched spores from the lake bottom into the atmosphere Theriot said.

I and many others have joked about Yellowstone blowing up again and dispersing the diatomite that is being created at the bottom of Yellowstone Lake Theriot said.

when bacteria spores enter the body through a cut or scrape on the skin. Of the three forms of the disease cutaneous pulmonary and gastrointestinal cutaneous anthrax is the easiest to treat with antibiotics.

Spores of anthrax bacteria can lie dormant for years before entering a living host where they reactivate

In 2001 letters containing anthrax spores were mailed to several news-media offices and two U s. senators resulting in the deaths of five people and the infection of 17 others.

and goosefoot pollen. 4. Molds are microscopic plants that reproduce by sending tiny spores into the air.

and encourages more fungal growth such as mold and the release of spores. Â We will be paying a wretched price in the coming months for the behavior fueling the explosion of pollen

The scientists also discovered that anthrax spores were found on grasses up to two years after the zebras had died.

People with allergic rhinitis may be sensitive to specific types of pollen from trees grasses weeds and mold spores.

The researchers also used commercially available fungus spores grown on wheat or sorghum which they spread on the diaper mixture.

The mossy plants that depended on spores for reproduction were being replaced by the first seed-bearing plants the gymnosperms.

Also known as coffee leaf rust or Hemileia vastatrix the fungus spreads easily through the air on spores.

Reproduction was by male and female spores that are accepted as being the precursors to seed-bearing plants.

From there, pathologists believe wind currents may sweep Ug99 spores into India and, eventually, China. Meanwhile, new types of stripe rust that can overcome the defences bred into commercial varieties have sparked a separate epidemic in the United states. It is amazing that we are still fighting this battle,

they release spores of the blue-stain fungus (Grosmannia clavigera), which stops the production of a protective toxic resin released by the tree

such as analysis tracing mailed Bacillus anthracis spores back to a single-spore batch in Ivins's lab at the US ARMY Medical Research Institute of Infectious diseases in Fort Detrick, Maryland.

the truffle's spores are scattered around the forest floor. Other scents beckon the truffle fly,

but carries off fungal spores instead, spreading them between truffles. Truffle cultivation is notoriously difficult, in part because of its clandestine life cycle as an underground symbiont, in

including that for spore generation, but that they also had made numerous regions up of non-coding repeated DNA sequences.

and noticed that some of these seemed to have bacteria in their reproductive structures, alongside their spores.

vines and three species of an enigmatic group called Noeggerathiales small spore-bearing trees that scientists think are close relatives of the earliest ferns."

The fungus, Exserohilum rostratum, is a plant-eating generalist equipped with a spore-launching mechanism ideal for going airborne,

but only distantly related, fungi with multicellular dark spores that were causing disease in grains such as corn.

He named one new genus he had created Exserohilum for the prominent protuberances called hila (the belly buttons of the fungal and botanical world) on its spores.

The fungus can grow from a single spore to a lawn of freshly spore-crowned fungal filaments on a piece of dried leaf in two days flat faster and more abundantly than any other related species he studied.

The spores have based a static electricity ejection system designed to launch them into the air with ease.

the fungus casts spores to the ground below, where they can be picked up by other passing ants.

which it ejects spores onto the soil directly below.)Biting leaves is not normal ant behavior.

destroying the launching point for the fungus's spores. By that stage, cells from the fungus have grown even more numerous in the ant's body.

After maturing over the course of weeks the stalk's head will shoot spores onto the soil below.

Foraging worker ants can unwittingly pick up spores as they pass by. The death of an ant outside of its colony and subsequent growth of the fungal stalk might be key adaptations of the fungus,

and spore release before the dead host ant was ejected, Hughes and his colleagues noted in their BMC Ecology paper.

grow and propagate its spores. A specialized but global threat The ants best known for getting zombified by the Ophiocordyceps fungus are tree-dwelling carpenter ants found in Brazil and Thailand,

this secondary fungus or hyperparasite effectively prevents the zombie-ant fungus from ejecting its spores.

But, if another parasite renders more than half of its mature spores infertile (and more still failing to reproduce due to other interferences),

but Ian Boyd, chief scientific adviser for the Department for Environment, Food and Rural affairs (Defra) Â says that it is more likely that the spores arrived naturally.

the spores were blown probably on the wind from continental Europe, where the fungus has ravaged ash trees from Poland to France for more than a decade.

 When the spores reached European ashes in Poland, the trees had little ability to cope with the pathogen,

Its spores lie dormant and harmless in the large intestine of certain individuals and are kept normally this way by the bacteria which colonise the intestine.

</i>spores are more likely to germinate into the'adult'bacteria which cause the nasty symptoms.

They would be better off in serving their intelligent design cause by pointing out the difficulty of explaining how to achieve complete functional spores

The survivors are those bacteria that happen to be present as dormant and tough spores

but spores survive and are stimulated to grow --and grow fast--when the food temperature drops from piping hot to warm.

whether bakery loaves of salt-rising bread contained any of the bacillus. Indeed they did but in the form of spores rather than live cells.

Toxoplasma spores are found in dirt and easily infect farm animals such as cows sheep pigs and chickens.

If the vc system is switched on'during early infection of ash leaves then the spores (ascospores) responsible for infection might antagonise one other

Alternatively if the vc system is switched off'the germinating spores might cooperate during ash leaf infection leading to a greater spread of the fungus.

if fungal spores can have impact on tick populations This could contribute in helping us control tick populations for example in restricted areas such as spring pasture for sheep.

fungal spores land and germinate on the skin (cuticle) of the tick and then penetrate it before entering the tick body.

and forms new spores on the outside of the body which can spread to new ticks Klingen explains.

Since the invention of the earliest light microscopes the classification and identification of pollen and spores has been a highly subjective venture for those who use these tiny particles to study vegetation in their field palynology.

and spores beyond a general level. Grass pollen classification is a longstanding problem in palynology Mander said.

and the standing water left behind is the perfect breeding ground for mold spores. Dress to Protect--You don't need to impress

a sterile stalk that holds aloft a sorus a tiny sphere that releases spores that become single amoebae again.

when farmers carried certain nonedible strains nonfarmer spore production was reduced in some cases by more than half.

If food is abundant nonfarmers alone produce more spores than farmers alone. The reason is that farming is costly.

--if the amoebas are dispersed to a site without a good source--farmers produce more spores than nonfarmers

As the percentage of farmers in the mix increased nonfarmers produced far fewer spores and the spore production of farmers was unchanged.

These results suggest that social amoebas make farming pay much as human farmers all over the world have done by privatizing their crops.

and pressure created by the steam were sufficient to kill not just living microbes but also spores and viruses.

and can detect a single spore of the fungus. Story Source: The above story is provided based on materials by USDA Forest Service-Northern Research Station.

Coffee rust spores are spread by the wind and the rain from lesions on the underside of leaves.

The biological control agent contains spores of a parasitic fungus that prevents another fungus that causes the brown rot from colonising the flower.

Every morning the cherry grower sprinkles the spores into a specially designed dispenser that has been fitted in front of the hive.

The bees pick up the spores between their body hairs and bring them to the flowers.

which is the growth of the fungus spores on some wheat or sorghum. The product obtained is spread on the substrate (contained in plastic bag)

because this fungal pathogen will be able to grow reproduce disperse spores and serve as a source of ongoing infections Springer said.

The fungus spore lands on the leaf and sends out a tubelike structure which punches its way through cell walls penetrating the cells and taking the nutrients from the plant.

and Genomics (CBGP) of Universidad Politã cnica de Madrid (UPM) conducted infection assays of commercial kiwis with Alternaria alternata spores which is a pathogenic fungus involved in chronic asthma

A protein known as Alt a 1 and related to the virulence is found in the spores this protein is described as the major allergen of this fungus.

Researchers conducted tests by infecting commercial kiwifruit with spores of Alternaria alternata and they detected the presence of Alt a 1 a protein of fungal virulence.

when the fungal spores were injected into the bloodstream as well as to survive passage through the GI TRACT

when the spores were ingested orally. When people think about food-borne pathogens normally they list bacteria viruses and maybe parasites.

and permanently eliminated spore germination. In collaboration with University of California-Davis he found the bacteria prevented the spread of fungi on bat skin without touching the skin.

According to Bais the rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae) attacks rice plants through spores resembling pressure plugs that penetrate the plant tissue.

Once these spores infiltrate the cell wall the fungus eats the plant alive as Bais says.

In order to do its work the spore must produce a structure called the appressorium a filament that adheres to the plant surface like an anchor.

Using a hatchet that is designed to pump fungal spores into the trees the researchers tested the fungus on 14 tree-of-heaven stands in south-central Pennsylvania.

Usually it takes three blows of the hatchet to deposit the entire inoculation of about 30 million spores for each tree.

and then take those spores to another healthy tree which could be miles away. The effect that the fungus has on other plants will be the subject of further research Kasson said.

Two of them produced oospores so they belonged to type A2; specifically they were taken the ones at Arkaute and Iturrieta.

and the formation of oospores in three matings were obtained as the result. These were gathered the strains in Gauna Heredia and Zuazo de San Millã¡

since the spores are able to move considerable distances thanks to the wind or irrigation water.

Characterizing villainous sporessome of these microbes protect themselves from heat by forming spores Anand explains.

In addition some spore formers produce harmful toxins. Rounding up bad guysfor nearly five years Anand

which when combined with pasteurization has been relatively successful in dealing with vegetative cells of thermoduric sporeformers to a large extent and spores to a less extent he reports.

Damaging equipmentwhen spore formers persist in an environment they can also do irreversible damage to the stainless steel contact surfaces within the milk-processing equipment Anand explains.

Fusarium spores exist during winter in the plant debris. Even plowing the stubble under does not eliminate the problem

Wind and rain splash carry the spores onto the head when it flowers but the weather conditions must be just right--warm humid and wet.

Though the kernel on which the spore has landed will be empty it won't affect the rest of the head he explains.

These can be read somewhat like tree rings to estimate the abundance of livestock over time via layers of fungal spores that live in the dung of animals;

Infected honeybees can leave traces of disease like a fungal spore or virus particle on the flowers that they visit and these may then infect wild bees.

Epsilon toxin may be responsible for triggering MS. Epsilon toxin is produced by certain strains of Clostridium perfringens a spore-forming bacterium that is one of the most common causes of foodborne illness in the United states. The U s. Centers for Disease Control

#Electrical generator uses bacterial spores to harness power of evaporating watera new type of electrical generator uses bacterial spores to harness the untapped power of evaporating water according to research conducted at the Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired

The prototype generators work by harnessing the movement of a sheet of rubber coated on one side with spores.

Such bending back and forth means that spore-coated sheets or tiny planks can act as actuators that drive movement

A soil bacterium called Bacillus subtilis wrinkles as it dries out like a grape becoming a raisin forming a tough dormant spore.

Unlike raisins which cannot reform into grapes spores can take on water and almost immediately restore themselves to their original shape.

In fact spores would be particularly good at storing energy because they are rigid yet still expand

Since changing moisture levels deform these spores it followed that devices containing these materials should be able to move in response to changing humidity levels Mahadevan said.

When Sahin first set out to measure the energy of spores he was taken by surprise. He put a solution thick with spores on a tiny flexible silicon plank expecting to measure the humidity-driven force in a customized atomic force microscope.

But before he could insert the plank he saw it curving and straightening with his naked eye.

and the spores had responded. I realized then that this was extremely powerful Sahin said. In fact simply increasing the humidity from that of a dry sunny day to a humid misty one enabled the flexible spore-coated plank to generate 1000 times as much force as human muscle

and at least 10 times as much as other materials engineers currently use to build actuators Sahin discovered.

In fact moistening a pound of dry spores would generate enough force to lift a car one meter off the ground.

To build such an actuator Sahin tested how well spore-coated materials such as silicon rubber plastic

Then he built a simple humidity-driven generator out of Legosâa miniature fan a magnet and a spore-coated cantilever.

but it could be improved by genetically engineering the spores to be stiffer and more elastic.

Indeed in early experiments spores of a mutant strain provided by Driks stored twice as much energy as normal strains.

and abundance of beneficial insects and opens the plantations to winds that help disperse coffee rust spores according to U-M ecologist John Vandermeer

< Back - Next >

Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011