and causes increases in algal blooms greenhouse gases and insects like mosquitoes that carry disease.
because converting uncultivated land would lead to major emissions of greenhouse gases and cause significant losses of biodiversity.
To do this greenhouse gases are to be stabilised at a level that is acceptable for humans and for the environment.
Realistic development pathsthe main culprit in relation to these environmental changes is the emission of the greenhouse gas CO2
The basis for the calculations is provided by a wide range of greenhouse gas scenarios that are based on realistic economic trajectories.
According to a new article in Animal Frontiers biotechnologies increase food production and reduce harmful gas output from cattle.
Researchers measured gas output by placing finishing steers in a special corral that traps emissions.
When cows produce more milk greenhouse gas emissions decrease because farms need fewer cows. Dr. Kim Stackhouse National Cattleman's Beef Association Director of Sustainability said animal agriculture has reduced emissions through the use of technologies.
Animal waste is collected in lagoons where the gas is captured. The gas is transported through an internal combustion area that produces energy for heat and electricity.
I expect there to be more improvement as we continue be more efficient continue to do more with less
His research shows that biotechnology can produce more food and lower gas emissions. We need to inform them that these are valuable tools for those two reasons
How the Study Was Performedneutrons from the nuclear tests bombarded nitrogen--the atmosphere's most common gas--to turn some of it into carbon-14.
or attributable to human-made greenhouse gases. Reconstructions of ENSO behavior are usually missing adequate records for the tropics where ENSO develops.
Like greenhouse gases volcanic aerosols perturb the Earth's radiation balance. This supports the idea that the unusually high ENSO activity in the late 20th century is a footprint of global warming explains lead author Jinbao Li.
and Roger Revelle Professor at Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California at San diego. This suggests that many models underestimate the sensitivity to radiative perturbations in greenhouse gases.
21 percent of homes account for 50 percent of greenhouse gas emissionsenergy conservation in a small number of households could go a long way to reducing greenhouse gas emissions scientists are reporting.
and to satisfy their mobility needs accounts for more than 70 percent of emissions of carbon dioxide the main greenhouse gas involved in global climate change.
and land-based mobility at the household level impacts greenhouse gas emissions. Their study of more than 3000 households in a Swiss town found that only 21 percent of the households accounted for almost 50 percent of greenhouse gas emissions.
The biggest factors contributing to a few families having a disproportionately large environmental footprint were large living spaces
At the same time he acknowledges that wetlands emit the powerful greenhouse gas (GHG) methane leading some to argue that wetlands shouldn't be created as a means to sequester carbon
The team is measuring emissions of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane from thawing permafrost--signals that may hold a key to Earth's climate future.
Onboard the plane sophisticated instruments sniff the atmosphere for greenhouse gases. They include a very sensitive spectrometer that analyzes sunlight reflected from Earth's surface to measure atmospheric carbon dioxide methane and carbon monoxide.
Molecule per molecule methane is 22 times more potent as a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide on a 100-year timescale and 105 times more potent on a 20-year timescale.
CARVE's simultaneous measurements of greenhouse gases will help quantify how much carbon is released to the atmosphere from fires in Alaska--a crucial and uncertain element of its carbon budget.
In the online journal elife a large international group of scientists led by investigators at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies have traced the thousands of genes in a plant that are activated once ethylene a gas that acts as a plant
I have been trying for several decades to understand how a simple gas--two carbons and four hydrogens--can cause such profound changes in a plant Ecker says.
EIN3 and a related protein EIL1 are required for the response to ethylene gas; without these proteins ethylene has no effect on the plant.
and climate models we can understand how increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere along with temperature increases and precipitation changes will affect wheat yield globally.
Cutting greenhouse gas emissions is one powerful incentive for finding a better way to provide the concrete the world needs;
Unrealistic expectations regarding bioenergy can result in failing to achieve the target of reducing greenhouse gases.
After sample extraction ancient organic compounds were identified by a combination of state-of-the-art chemical techniques including infrared spectrometry gas chromatography-mass spectrometry solid phase microextraction ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography
and Kansas. They also used estimates of carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas and other elements from a number of models including the government's well-tested Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model.
The dairy industry has set a goal of 25 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020.
and wastethe researchers found that for every kilogram of milk consumed in the United states per year 2. 05 kilograms of greenhouse gases on average are emitted over the entire supply chain to produce process
The greenhouse gases were measured as carbon dioxide equivalents and included methane refrigerants and other gases that trap radiation.
The largest contributors were feed production enteric methane--gas emitted by the animal itself --and manure management.
which is natural gas that is otherwise lost to the atmosphere he said. At the processor and distribution level greater emphasis on truck fleet-fuel usage
#Despite safety and other concerns, nuclear power saves lives, greenhouse gas emissions, experts sayglobal use of nuclear power has prevented about 1. 84 million air pollution-related deaths
and release of 64 billion tons of greenhouse gases that would have resulted from burning coal and other fossil fuels a new study concludes.
and prevent emission of 80-240 billion tons of the greenhouse gases linked to global warming the study found.
By contrast we assess that large-scale expansion of unconstrained natural gas use would not mitigate the climate problem
If the role of nuclear power declines significantly in the next 20-30 years Kharecha added the International Energy Agency predicts that achieving the major reductions in greenhouse gas emissions that are required to mitigate climate change would require heroic achievements in the use
#Despite safety and other concerns, nuclear power saves lives, greenhouse gas emissions, experts sayglobal use of nuclear power has prevented about 1. 84 million air pollution-related deaths
and release of 64 billion tons of greenhouse gases that would have resulted from burning coal and other fossil fuels a new study concludes.
and prevent emission of 80-240 billion tons of the greenhouse gases linked to global warming the study found.
By contrast we assess that large-scale expansion of unconstrained natural gas use would not mitigate the climate problem
If the role of nuclear power declines significantly in the next 20-30 years Kharecha added the International Energy Agency predicts that achieving the major reductions in greenhouse gas emissions that are required to mitigate climate change would require heroic achievements in the use
and manufacturing of one pair of running shoes to identify hotspots of greenhouse-gas emissions. The group found that much of the carbon impact came from powering manufacturing plants:
In response companies have started to take account of their products'greenhouse-gas contributions in part by measuring the amount of carbon dioxide associated with every process throughout a product's lifecycle.
Wildfires impact atmospheric conditions through emissions of gases particles water and heat. Some of the article focuses on radiative forcing from fire emissions.
A lot of the changes in greenhouse gases and in a shrinking ice volume then are similar to
Today we're seeing change in greenhouse gas concentrations of CO2 on the order of centuries and decades.
The remainder can lead to production of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide or to eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems through water run off.
By splitting liquid water (H2o) into hydrogen and oxygen the hydrogen can be regenerated as a gas (H2)
and heated the samples in the presence of inert argon gas. A subsequent high temperature treatment (carburization) induced a reaction between molybdenum
and UC Berkeley and have discovered new materials to capture methane the second highest concentration greenhouse gas emitted into the atmosphere.
and gas extraction and the potential for large-scale release of methane from the Arctic as ice cover continues to melt
Unlike carbon dioxide the largest emitted greenhouse gas which can be captured both physically and chemically in a variety of solvents and porous solids methane is completely nonpolar
Methane is far more potent as a greenhouse gas than CO2. Researchers have found that the release of as little as 1 percent of methane from the Arctic alone could have a warming effect approaching that being produced by all of the CO2 that has been pumped into the atmosphere by human activity since the start of the Industrial revolution.
Methane is emitted at a wide range of concentrations from a variety of sources including natural gas systems livestock landfills coal mining manure management wastewater treatment rice cultivation and a few combustion processes.
The team's research focused on two different applications--concentrating a medium-purity methane stream to a high-purity range (greater than 90 percent) as involved in purifying a low-quality natural gas;
Zeolites are unique structures that can be used for many different types of gas separations and storage applications because of their diverse topology from various networks of the framework atoms.
Nitric oxide is a gas that widens blood vessels and aids blood flow. We were surprised by how little nitrate was needed to see such a large effect Ahluwalia said.
#Limiting greenhouse gas emissions from land use in Europenot only do humans emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere
but they also do things that help remove these gases from the atmosphere--for example planting more forests
or other land management techniques can lead to greater uptake of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere.
and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Urban Ecosystems at the Association of American Geographers annual meeting to be held April 9-13 in Los angeles. The interdisciplinary forum is attended by more than 7000 scientists from around the world and features an array
either be a small sink--meaning they store carbon--or a small source of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.
and analyzed the emission of powerful greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide and methane. The University of Cincinnati proved to be an ideal location for Townsend-Small's project thanks to the proximity of the managed green spaces on campus and the natural environment of nearby city parks.
and land use change and our energy choices (such as biofuels oil sands and shale gas). In this talk we discuss the drivers affecting water sustainability
Scientists know that food waste in landfills for instance releases methane gas as it decomposes. Methane is about 20 times more potent than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas that fosters global warming.
While producing nanocellulose the algae will absorb carbon dioxide the main greenhouse gas linked to global warming.
Biofuels he said will face a difficult time for decades into the future in competing with the less-expensive natural gas now available with hydraulic fracturing or fracking.
These ecosystems are potential major sources of atmospheric methane an important greenhouse gas. UAVSAR will help us better understand processes involved with the exchange of methane between Earth's land and atmosphere and with the contribution of these unique ecosystems to Earth's climate.
There the UV light interacted with the neutral hydrogen gas it met blasting electrons off the hydrogen atoms and leaving behind a plasma of negatively charged electrons and positively charged hydrogen ions.
and in this case they helped the astronomers understand the relationship between the stars and gas in these galaxies.
We're looking at the gas like the tablecloth and seeing how much light it has absorbed.
and create greenhouse gases. The U s. Department of energy says that hydrogen fuel has the potential to dramatically reduce reliance of fossil fuels
Unlike gas-powered engines that spew out pollutants the only byproduct of hydrogen fuel is water.
Obstacles to commercial production of hydrogen gas from biomass previously included the high cost of the processes used and the relatively low quantity of the end product.
The commercial market for hydrogen gas is now around $100 billion for hydrogen produced from natural gas
and generates a large amount of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Industry most often uses hydrogen to manufacture ammonia for fertilizers
This is just the first step in our effort to better engineer a process for capturing CO2 from flue gas at power plants said George Hirasaki the lead researcher of Rice's CO2-capture research team The researchers hope to reduce the costs of CO2 capture by creating an integrated
Hirasaki's team was one of 16 chosen by the Department of energy (DOE) in 2011 to develop innovative techniques for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from power plants.
The team's first findings appear in two new studies that are available online this month in the International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control.
and natural gas account for about half of the CO2 that humans add to the atmosphere each year; these power plants are prime candidates for new technology that captures CO2 before it goes up in smoke.
That technology--a two-phase chemical process--has been used for decades to remove naturally occurring CO2 from natural gas.
In the first phase of the process gas is piped upward through a vertical column while an ammonia-like liquid called amine flows down through the column.
The liquid amine captures CO2 and drains away while the purified natural gas bubbles out the top of the column.
The CO2 that comes out of the ground with natural gas is under high pressure while the CO2 at power plants is said not Hirasaki There's also a greater volume of CO2 per unit mass at a power plant than at a natural gas well.
For these reasons and others the amine process must be engineered re if it is to be cost-effective for CO2 capture at power plants.
Other variables included the type of steam used and the size and pressure of the reactor--the chamber where the flue gas flows past the amine solution.
which the gas absorption and solvent heating occurs in a single vessel instead of two separate ones as is practiced currently.
whether they relate to greenhouse gas savings or individuals claiming that new biomass varieties will all be invasive species Endres said.
and power lines findings that could affect the oil and gas industry as much as farmers and land owners.
and greenhouse gases vehicles must become dramatically more efficient regardless of how they are powered said Douglas M. Chapin principal of MPR Associates
In addition alternative fuels to petroleum must be readily available cost-effective and produced with low emissions of greenhouse gases.
and compressed natural gas vehicles such as the Honda civic Natural gas. Although driving costs per mile will be lower especially for vehicles powered by natural gas
or electricity the high initial purchase cost is likely to be a significant barrier to widespread consumer acceptance the report says.
Natural gas vehicles were considered but their greenhouse gas emissions are too high for the 2050 goal.
Vehicles powered by electricity will not emit any greenhouse gases but the production of electricity and the additional load on the electric power grid are factors that must be considered.
However varying amounts of greenhouse gases are emitted during hydrogen production and the low-greenhouse gas methods of making hydrogen are more expensive
Prior to this recent testing which used sensitive gas chromatography/mass spectrometry researchers were unsure of the historical use of tobacco on the Pacific Northwest Coast.
and plant material--in response to greenhouse gas emissions over the twenty-first century than may previously have been thought suggests a study published online this week in Nature Geoscience.
Dr Huntingford and colleagues used computer simulations with 22 climate models to explore the response of tropical forests in The americas Africa and Asia to greenhouse-gas-induced climate change.
They will also impact the global community through changes in regulatory ecosystem services relating to emissions of greenhouse gases.
The soils in the northern land mass potentially can release significant amounts of greenhouse gases
and the current understanding is trapped that gas in vascular tissue is compressed by growth of ice crystals and water uptake when the tree freezes in colder months;
when the tissue subsequently thaws in the spring the compressed gas expands which generates the pressure that causes exudation.
Osmotic pressure which exists due to differences in sugar concentration between different components of the vascular tissue helps maintain stable gas bubbles
which govern the multiphase gas-liquid-ice environment the model incorporates the dynamics and effects of thawing sap dissolving gas bubbles and an osmotic pressure gradient between two components (vessels and fibers) in the tree's nonliving vascular tissue.
On the cellular level the model focuses on the transfer of pressure between vessels and fibers in the vascular cells.
They conclude that compression of gas effected by freezing in the previous season is important for pressure build up.
The effect of gas bubbles is also necessary to allow transfer of pressure which causes exudation.
While osmosis is not essential for the pressure generation itself it is seen to maintain gas bubbles
#New method for greenhouse gas predictionspulp and paper producers are among Canada's most important industries and also one of the largest producers of wastewater.
Estimating the greenhouse gas emissions in this wastewater has become a priority for the industry. Until now greenhouse gas emission estimates have been limited by the mathematical models used to predict them.
Researchers at Concordia University have developed recently a new dynamic method to better predict the emission content of these gases.
but dynamic models can estimate the variation in greenhouse gas emissions in response to changes in the wastewater management system.
Knowledge can lead to improved emission controlthe study compared steady-state and dynamic mathematical modelling predictions with actual values of greenhouse gas emissions in wastewater systems.
Both models gave accurate results of overall gas emissions. However only the dynamic model was able to estimate changes in emissions in response to a changing environment.
With this knowledge we can then recommend a strategy to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas
#Improving climate protection in the agricultural sectoragriculture is responsible for around ten to twelve percent of all greenhouse gases attributable to human activities.
A recent study has investigated--for the first time--the full range of factors that contribute to greenhouse gas emissions namely soil
The scientists recorded all relevant climate gas streams during the entire production process including methane nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide.
In the case of dairy farms they also factored in the purchase of soybean meal from South america and all related greenhouse gas emissions.
However greenhouse gases are emitted also during the manufacture of mineral nitrogen fertilizers and pesticides agricultural machines and equipment.
In contrast the greenhouse gas CO2 can be stored long term as humus in the soil and thus eliminated from the climate balance.
This demonstrates that the individual know-how of farm managers plays an important role in the greenhouse gas balance
and high greenhouse gas emissions adds HÃ lsbergen. We are now optimizing this model so that it can be used directly by climate change advisors in the agricultural sector.
The atmospheric signature of life on an exoplanet presumably would contain some mixture of oxygen and various other gases.
#Reduced sea ice disturbs balance of greenhouse gasesthe widespread reduction in Arctic sea ice is causing significant changes to the balance of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
According to the study the melting of sea ice in the Arctic has a tangible impact on the balance of greenhouse gases in this region both in terms of uptake and release.
The researchers have studied the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane both in the tundra and in the Arctic ocean.
Changes in the balance of greenhouse gases can have major consequences because globally plants and the oceans absorb around half of the carbon dioxide that humans release into the air through the use of fossil fuels.
so will the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere says Dr Frans-Jan Parmentier a researcher at Lund University Sweden.
In addition to the changes on land the present study shows that there are a number of uncertainties surrounding the effects of the melting ice on the amount of greenhouse gases exchanged by the ocean through natural processes.
We know very little about how the shrinking sea ice cover disturbs the balance of greenhouse gases in the sea in the long term says Dr Parmentier.
when more greenhouse gases are sequestered than are released into the atmosphere explained Milne an energy assessment analyst at GCEP.
and other industries fueled by coal natural gas and oil. Capturing and sequestering those emissions could play a significant role in curbing global warming.
On the other hand biochar production that relies on forest ecosystems may result in a net increase in greenhouse gas emissions they cautioned.
and in fact require natural gas to operate. Following the 2012 negative-emissions workshop GCEP issued an international request for proposals to develop net-negative carbon emissions technologies.
and can travel large distances destroying infrastructure wreaking havoc on ecosystems releasing millions of tonnes of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and costing billions of dollars in damage.
Methane emissions normally are measured by putting sealed chambers on the ground to capture gas seeping
Pangala and colleagues have shown that these common adaptations in wetland trees are two-way conduits that also allow soil gas to escape to the atmosphere.
Zno is used widely in sunscreen products as gas sensors antibacterial agents optical and electrical devices and as pigments.
and oil cracking processes and is used also in gas sensors sunscreen products and cosmetic creams.
#Ozone depletion trumps greenhouse gas increase in jet-stream shiftdepletion of Antarctic ozone is a more important factor than increasing greenhouse gases in shifting the Southern hemisphere jet stream in a southward direction according to researchers
The jet stream is expected to shift back toward the north as ozone is replenished yet the greenhouse-gas effect could negate this.
and greenhouse gases they focus on one wind pattern but my previous research suggests that by looking at several different
which ozone and greenhouse gases influence the jet stream. The researchers used an algorithm to examine the relationship between daily weather patterns and the four wind patterns.
They found that the first wind pattern--which corresponded to an equatorward shift of the midlatitude westerlies--was associated with greenhouse gases.
In addition to finding that ozone is more important than greenhouse gases in influencing the jet-stream shift the scientists also found evidence for a mechanism by
which greenhouse gases influence the jet-stream shift. They learned that greenhouse gases may not directly influence the jet-stream shift
but rather may indirectly influence the shift by changing tropical convection or the vertical transfer of heat in large-scale cloud systems which in turn influences the jet shift.
and other possible mechanisms for how greenhouse gases and ozone influence the jet stream as well as Antarctic sea ice.
Also our results are consistent with climate models so this paper provides support that climate models are performing well at simulating the atmospheric response to ozone and greenhouse gases.
and methane throughout their lives but a new study pinpoints the cow-calf stage as a major contributor of greenhouse gases during beef production.
In a new paper for the Journal of Animal Science scientists estimate greenhouse gas emissions from beef cattle during different stages of life.
According to study co-author Frank Mitloehner an associate professor in the Department of Animal Science at UC Davis one source of greenhouse gases was surprising
If you look at everything that contributes to greenhouse gases through the beef supply chain then it is the cow-calf that produces the greatest greenhouse gases Mitloehner said.
Methane is one of the most important greenhouse gases. Methane has a greater capacity to trap heat in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide.
The beef industry has been paying close attention to greenhouse gas emissions in recent years. We are doing a lot to measure
#New research shows complexity of global warmingglobal warming from greenhouse gases affects rainfall patterns in the world differently than that from solar heating according to a study by an international team of scientists in the January 31 issue of Nature.
and future projection to the end of 21st century comparing natural changes from solar heating and volcanism with changes from human-made greenhouse gas emissions.
and from greenhouse gases have such different effects on global precipitation? Our climate model simulations show that this difference results from different sea surface temperature patterns.
When warming is increased due to greenhouse gases the gradient of sea surface temperature (SST) across the tropical Pacific weakens
But why does warming from greenhouse gases and from solar heating affect the tropical Pacific SST gradient differently?
Adding long-wave absorbers that is heat-trapping greenhouse gases to the atmosphere decreases the usual temperature difference between the surface
While during past global warming from solar heating the steeper tropical east-west SST pattern has won out we suggest that with future warming from greenhouse gases the weaker gradient
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011