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Synopsis: Ict: Computer: Computer program: Server:

The cold climate also makes it possible to cool the thousands of servers by cold air from the environment.

/By designing energy-efficient servers, Bull is committed toward innovation at all levels: components, power supply, cooling and load management.

Bull†s various enterprise servers share many advanced energy-saving features, such as dynamic management of the energy envelope of critical applications, dynamic management of the load supply function and the extensive use of low-consumption components.

These doors are situated directly behind the server cabinets, dissipating heat before it is released into the room.

â€oebuying behaviors†in the Google or Facebook servers without any possibility to control them by tracked persons?

Arcgis server application keeps public informed of city projects, ESRI, available at http://www. esri. com/news/arcuser/0708/folsom. html, Spring 2008.

On the server side, the Logmanager is extended for intercepting execution events (see Fig. 2, where white/blue fields are the original components of Aristaflow,

the execution/server side was chosen as an ideal place for integrating the extending elements of Kitcom.

Aristaflow BPM Server Process Repository Control conditions Kitcom Plug-in Event Analysis Control Processes Control Injection Control Process Repository Reference Control Editing

Fig. 6 Kitcom architecture extending Aristaflow BPM server Start capture invoice 1 approve account approved?

EUROPEAN COMMISSION 2010c), Cloud computing (the use of online servers for the purposes of information storage and remote access), if not a familiar term, will be a familiar concept to many through the widespread use of Web-based

G#3v 7525 Server 0#4#dedicated server Server 0#4#file server Server 0#4#server Server

G#3v 7526 Software G#4v 7527 Client server model 0#5#client server model Client server model G#4v 7528 Computer program

0#5#computer program Computer program 0#5#computer programme Computer program 0#5#service program Computer program 0#5#software Computer program

0#5#software package Computer program G#4v 7529 Freeware 0#5#freeware Freeware G#4v 7530 Middleware

The completed surveys are uploaded then to a Vecna-hosted server where the data is available for download and reporting.

Pump. io http://pump. io Social server with an Activitystreams API 43 38. Pybossa http://pybossa. com Pybossa is a free, 100%open-source framework for

Pump. io http://pump. io Social server with an Activitystreams API 43 38. Pybossa http://pybossa. com Pybossa is a free, 100%open-source framework for

such as Diaspora, Status. net or easy-to-run servers like arkos †which make it easy

and the Apache web server. These rely on a large and highly distributed community of programmers to

to the server and theâ cloud. Along the same lines, the development of Arduino41 has taken place around

servers like arkos, which makes it easy to run your own secure cloud, and decentralised media publishing

and includes a physical server farm a content distribution network, and some resources served through

security audits of the site†s servers) and Arbor networks (who provid -ed defensive hardware which helped fend off the attack) all supported

additional resources (nodes, servers, links) in sparsely populated areas The CONFINE project targets the exploration and advancement of the

face enormous challenges due to the limited capacity of servers and links 93 and the structure of the network.

A central server efficiently collects, analyses and visualises data sent from arbitrary sources. The Everyaware platform will handle both sensor

Sensorbox, Airprobe, a dedicated Web server and Web application together form a system that measures concentrations of pollutants in

servers inside a company†s firewall under the Enterprise plans ($5000 /year/20 seats. These Enterprise plans are claimed to be the Github†s

Github to live locally on their servers, and cost clients millions of dollars a year.

-byonrails framework, uses the Mysql and Neo4j databases, on servers running Linux. Famfamfam icons and flags, Twitter Bootstrap, and

-ized client†server model where client nodes request access to resources provided by central servers

Type of organisation The P2p Foundation is registered a institute founded in Amsterdam Netherlands. Its local registered name is:

-ers of resources, in contrast to the centralized client†server model where client nodes request access to resources provided by central servers.

In a peer-to-peer network, tasks (such as searching for files or streaming au -dio/video) are shared amongst multiple interconnected peers who each

without the need for centralized coordination by servers. The foundation was founded by Michel Bauwens, a Belgian Peer-to-peer theorist and an

arrangement differs from the client†server model where communication is usually to and from a central server

P2p†s network in practice creates a platform for †unbounded knowledge with open sources and open access. †Thanks to technological advances

one of the Raspberry Pi†s dedicated educational servers. So far, the feedback from both teachers and pupils regarding this RACHEL material

their own apps for the web and then host them on a miniature server located directly on the Raspberry Pi.

through many different Internet servers. Subsequently, Tor has been de -veloped by the US University MIT and by the California Internet rights

aren†t many people about, the number of servers they†re running can be scaled back to a minimal level (†automagically†on Amazon web services

servers like arkos, which makes it easy to run your own secure cloud, and decentralised media publishing

and includes a physical server farm a content distribution network, and some resources served through

security audits of the site†s servers) and Arbor networks (who provid -ed defensive hardware which helped fend off the attack) all supported

additional resources (nodes, servers, links) in sparsely populated areas The CONFINE project targets the exploration and advancement of the

face enormous challenges due to the limited capacity of servers and links 93 and the structure of the network.

A central server efficiently collects, analyses and visualises data sent from arbitrary sources. The Everyaware platform will handle both sensor

Sensorbox, Airprobe, a dedicated Web server and Web application together form a system that measures concentrations of pollutants in

servers inside a company†s firewall under the Enterprise plans ($5000 /year/20 seats. These Enterprise plans are claimed to be the Github†s

Github to live locally on their servers, and cost clients millions of dollars a year.

-byonrails framework, uses the Mysql and Neo4j databases, on servers running Linux. Famfamfam icons and flags, Twitter Bootstrap, and

-ized client†server model where client nodes request access to resources provided by central servers

Type of organisation The P2p Foundation is registered a institute founded in Amsterdam Netherlands. Its local registered name is:

-ers of resources, in contrast to the centralized client†server model where client nodes request access to resources provided by central servers.

In a peer-to-peer network, tasks (such as searching for files or streaming au -dio/video) are shared amongst multiple interconnected peers who each

without the need for centralized coordination by servers. The foundation was founded by Michel Bauwens, a Belgian Peer-to-peer theorist and an

arrangement differs from the client†server model where communication is usually to and from a central server

P2p†s network in practice creates a platform for †unbounded knowledge with open sources and open access. †Thanks to technological advances

one of the Raspberry Pi†s dedicated educational servers. So far, the feedback from both teachers and pupils regarding this RACHEL material

their own apps for the web and then host them on a miniature server located directly on the Raspberry Pi.

through many different Internet servers. Subsequently, Tor has been de -veloped by the US University MIT and by the California Internet rights

aren†t many people about, the number of servers they†re running can be scaled back to a minimal level (†automagically†on Amazon web services

It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa. eu. int Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication

broadband access lines, mobile phones, PCS, Internet users and Internet servers per million population†with four qualitative variables:

servers per million population, broadband penetration and four qualitative variables from the e-readiness rankings, based on a 1-5 scoring system.

such as Diaspora, Status. net or easy-to-run servers like arkos †which make it easy

accessed or ordered via the Europa server or directly at the Sebw website www. europa. eu. int/comm/enterprise/ict/policy/watch/index. htm, www. ebusiness-watch. org

server and server operating systems are the top two areas, with two-thirds of firms using

capacity computer servers (from Hewlett packard) in the central company office. They are connected with all computers in centres with offices

the different company centres are integrated in the central servers The company has designed this proprietary system in conjunction with its ICT provider

possible to make backup copies of all the relevant data from the central servers avoiding duplicating task and minimising the risk of losing important data.

longer in local mode), files have to be saved on the server and not in the local hard drive

â€oexsellcentralseatsâ€) linked to more than 200 local servers that host the ticket sales system, as well as a statistics/reporting system (â€oexselldataâ€) and a data maintenance

WINDOWS NT for PC€ s & PC Net Servers and HP-UX for RISC machines. The solution has

The server where the Goal software is stored at is connected fully to the Hupac central system.

developed is running on a WINDOWS NT 2000 server that is managed in house. 15 terminals are connected to the system

It is running on the company†s main server (IBM AS 400 Security requirements include user identification and password

Thomas, D. How to Keep Your Network Server Secure, INC. technology http://technology. inc. com/security/articles/200609/tipsnetworksecurity. html

%saving in the energy consumption of servers and network devices in comparison with a traditionally managed data centre and an additional

servers are turned off and automatically restarted when load increases http://www. fit4green. eu Funded by the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7

5. http://healthit. hhs. gov/portal/server. pt/gateway/PTARGS 0 11113 881027 0 0 18/CA SUMMARY 071409. pdf, accessed January 2010

http://healthit. hhs. gov/portal/server. pt? open=512&objid=1269&&pageid=1650 1&mode=2&in hi userid=11113&cached=true, accessed January 2010

/portal/server. pt? open=512&objid=1149&mode=2, accessed 9 june 2009 George, D. and N. Austin-Bishop (2003), â€oeerror Rates for Computerized

real-time data to aâ central server, where it can be analysed byâ sophisticated prediction and decision-making models

when servers are not located domestically (although the Norwegian decision was rescinded). 183 There has been talk as well by European leaders of building a â€oeeuropean network†for

It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa. eu /How to obtain EU publications

and servers for providing a range of services. 60 Where there are multiple headends, they are linked typically via supra

Server Farms NOC Router 52 Rethinking the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System.

It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa. eu /JRC83502 EUR 26601 EN ISBN 978-92-79-37793-8 (pdf

United states Department for Health and human services (http://healthit. hhs. gov/portal/server. pt /community/electronic medical records/1219/home/15591, accessed 29 march 2012

ï Agencies can consolidate servers, departments can consolidate data centers and move to one email system,

ï C1-Center on user needs †All public services exist to server their customers, their needs and

such as Diaspora, Status. net or easy-to-run servers like arkos †which make it easy

-replacing the physical server environment with virtual servers, and upgrading the desktop environment. The new virtual server environment is expected to provide

scalability to respond to the increase in demand, although the capacity of the application has not been measured sufficiently to be able to predict the impact of the

activities to providing server space for users to independently upload and organise content The case law on online selling platforms is fragmented also

server, sets the terms of its service, is remunerated for that service and provides general information to its customers cannot have the effect of denying it the exemptions from liability

Cookies are hidden information exchanged between an internet user and a web server, and are stored in a file on the user's hard disc.

They are designed to facilitate a browser-server interaction in order to collect data. Cookies allow the creation of profiles which can be

server (http://europa. eu). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of the publication LEGAL NOTICE By the European commission, Directorate General for Communications networks, Content and Technology (DG CONNECT

information from back office servers. NFC †both its reader-writer function and its card emulation

Smart Office application server, which runs local Linksmart middle ware and the Nosql system database

troubleshooting, file server support and standards for archiving and backup of electronic copies of documents all

server (54.7 %53.4%of the companies that used Cloud computing did so by paying any service existing in

servers of shared services suppliers The main reasons that limited the companies using this service were the uncertainty about

, terminals, servers, etc. CPUS, etc. and handlers (software pro -grams/routines) that generate and treat as well as query

-nomenon will still cause thousands of cache servers to request the same docu -ments from the original site of publication

-mon physical substrate of communication nodes and servers managed by multiple infrastructure providers. By decoupling service providers from infrastructure provid

and execute on network hosts, devices, attachments, and servers Towards In-Network Clouds in Future Internet 21

physical node or server regardless of location, network, and storage configurations and of administrative domain

-erations such as getting the state of a server with its CPU or memory usage, getting

components of a server host, were created. We can also measure the same attributes of virtualised hosts by interacting with a hypervisor to collect these values.

, physical nodes and servers) subject to constraints determined by the Orchestration Plane. The Management Plane is de

-cal nodes and servers) subject to constraints determined by the Orchestration Plane Fig. 5. Autonomic Control Loops

-tual entities, such as servers and routers •RNM (Reasoning and Negotiation Module), a core element of the KP, which me

Virtualising physical network and server resources has served two purposes: Man -aging the heterogeneity through introduction of homogeneous virtual resources and

by allowing the distribution of MIP Home Agent (the normally isolated central server to many and less powerful interworking servers called Mobility Agents (MA.

These new nodes have combined the functionality of a MIP Home Agent and HMIP/PMIP Mobility Anchor Points.

-spondent node, a special information server is required in the network, which can also Flat Architectures:

or an embedded server may act as the REP host for a resource, which is physically hosted on a sensor node connected to it

Each module, implemented using an HTTP server, will offers a REST interface. The interaction between IDN-compliant applications and IDN-SA

decreased traffic volume from its own content servers and reduced load of the servers as well as an improved performance of the application,

Peers and the ETMS servers, providing rating information, are located in these stub-ASES, which are interconnected via a hub-AS containing the

use between two servers amongst the many possibilities-MPTCP naturally spreads traffic over the available paths

the two servers (at the bottom) travels over two paths through the switching fabric of the data

devices and content servers 26 †for example, Nokia or Apple controls both the device and the content server, Nokia Ovi or Apple App store

•Benefits: MPTCP improves resilience -if one link fails on a multi-homed terminal the connection still works over the other interface.

Both the devices and servers are under the control of one stakeholder so the end user †unconsciously†adopts MPTCP.

server sends â€oepremium†packets (perhaps for IPTV) as Conex-Not-Marked or Conex -Re-echo. Conex traffic is prioritised by the operator (â€oepremium serviceâ€.

-rors, draft-ford-http-multi-server, work in progress (2009 25. Raiciu, C.,Plunkte, C.,Barre, S.,Greenhalgh, A.,Wishcik, D.,Handley, M.:

-age capabilities of servers and networking infrastructure. For example, routing table memory of core Internet routers can be considered a â€oepublic good†that retail ISPS

when multiple candidate servers are available, a consumer may prefer the one offering better Qos,

the server that minimizes its cost; e g.,, this is possible if the provider operates a local

where most applications run on a remote server, is considered to achieving energy savings but to the disadvantage of the server provider

However under some assumptions, Wifi hotspots can consume much less energy than UMTS (Universal mobile telecommunications system) networks.

server to impersonate a user on any Google application. In 2, solutions that can be used to mitigate

from the convergence of computer server power, storage and network bandwidth It is a new business

-tual machine (Machine-level isolation), this machine may use a database server Middleware isolation) and provide services to multiple individual departments

of their data stored in a remote server or in the cloud. We introduce a

, servers services, applications) provided by the cloud, that are provisioned rapidly with a minimal management eï €ort and pay-peruse.

as setting and comparing user preferences with server privacy policies, ex -pressing conditions on complex secondary usage cases, specifying obligations

In fact, this sticky policy will be sent to the server and follow the data in all their lifecycle to specify the usage conditions

-ing the data from the server. This nested policy is applicable when a server storing personal data decides to share the data with a third party

†Obligations: Obligations in sticky policies specify the actions that should be carried out after collecting

data before sending it to any server. For example, we can deï ne black or white lists for websites with whom we do not want to exchange our personal

If a third party requests some data from the server, the latter becomes a data provider and acts as a user-side engine invoking access control and matching

In other words, we suppose that the server enforces correctly the sticky policies, but, actually, nothing prevents him from

server, an application server, a database and a workload generator, which produces the appropriate requests.

using Xen server technology, which allows regulating system resources such as CPU usage and memory, and provides also a monitoring tool, Ganglia, that measures net

using Xen server technology to regulate CPU usage. During this scenario the adaptive admission control and resource allocation algorithm is tested against network metrics

â € Linux machines for running XEN server where on top will run the RUBIS Web

Virtual machines managed by a XEN server. The implemented RAS instantiate all these Virtual machines and configure the internal components according to end-user

displays the RADL definition for the RUBIS application server The Configuration Parameters section describes the exposed parameters to the end

of the current network typically resides in client stations and servers, which interact with network elements (NES) via protocols such as SNMP (Simple Network Man

open-source multimedia framework, player and server http://www. videolan. org/vlc J. Domingue et al. Eds.):

In 7, the issue of server selection is being investigated by proposing a node selection algorithm with respect to the worst-case link stress (WLS) criterion

-tion of server capacity, and a broad range of services in terms of relative priority resource requirement and longevity.

wrappers by Software SLA Manager in an application server and also the provision of the infrastructure driven by Infrastructure SLA Manager (using the appropriate ser

SMS wrappers deployed in the application server of the corresponding virtual machine has to connect and execute different tasks with core mobile network

{private Serversocket server private int port=43702 private Socket s=null public static Knowledgeplane KP=null

+""s1=server. accept With the use of the FINLAN library this communication can be done replacing

users ratings, tags and comments about services in a separate server. On the basis of

At its turn, the SM@SP instructs the SP/CP servers how to mark the data packets

server AS3 VCAN1/MQC1 VCAN2/MQC2 VCAN3/MQC3 L2, L3, L4 headers High level headers

-tween CPS and NPS for hosting or co-locating CP€ s content servers in NPS€ premises

video streaming, due to a bandwidth bottleneck at the server side from which all users request the content.

MDC combined with path/server diversity offers robust video delivery over unreliable networks and/or in peer-to-peer

or responding (as server) to request messages. It is structured according to the grounding of OWL-S

and in the server farms is not considered since no special equipment is deployed in the GSN

a convergence of server and network virtualizations as virtual infrastructure manage -ment. The GSN as a network architecture is built with multiple layers, resulting in a

PDU Servers (Dell Poweredge R710 To core network Wind power node architecture Spoke Switch Allied Telesis

Servers (Dell Poweredge R710 Hydroelectricity power node architecture (Hub MUX/DEMUX To core network Backup Disk

such as routers and servers, is not considered, because no special hardware equipment is used in the GSN

servers are linked by a local network, which is connected then to the core network through GE transceivers.

level, including massive physical resources, such as storage servers and application servers linked by controlled circuits (i e.,

, lightpaths. The Platform Control plane corresponds to the Core Middleware layer, implementing the platform level services

servers with a high density connection local network. The migration involves four steps i) Setting up a new environment (i e.,

servers and network devices in a multi-domain environment Fig. 4. Iaas Framework Architecture Overview

and that each server has up to 16 processors, 20 servers can be moved in parallel. If each VM consumes

4gbyte memory space, the time required for such a migration is 1000sec The migration of data centers among GSN nodes is based on cloud management

converges server and network virtualizations. Whilst most of cloud management solu -tions in the market focus particularly on computing resources, Iaas Framework compo

including virtual servers and virtual routers and/or virtual switches interconnecting the servers. Such a virtual data

center can be hosted by any physical network node, according to the power availabil -ity. There is a domain controller within each data center or a set of data centers shar

server maintenance is performed, which makes Pr (pëoet+1=pëoet+1 âoe§ept, Xt)= 0 except when XMONDAYT=1. For the

comes from additional fees paid by users to access the online game server and consumer content.

a test server available to users, giving an almost perfect knowledge about the quality of content

The product usage data include actions of 206 users from one of the game servers, for whom the

demand that the firm cannot satisfy, for example due to server capacity 5. 4. 2 Change in Product Diï culty:

It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa. eu /How to obtain EU publications

and the Apache web server. These rely on a large and highly distributed community of programmers to

servers in Singapore to a Hadoop cluster in the UK data center Nevertheless, Nokia faced also the problem of fitting unstructured data into a

specific service or pool of services over the network through virtualized IT servers such as data centers and specialized software applications 2. It is the latest

computing capabilities, such as server using time and data storage, automati -cally and without human interaction 2. Broad network access,

have full ownership over the service provided such as virtual servers, memory and storage devices. These layers are called also the application layer, the platform

and manage server instances in data centers using APIS. The second one is Microsoft windows Azure platform, which is composed of three components.

commodity servers. The second one is the Big Table, which is simplified a model large-scale distributed database.

applications that Google is running on its servers. The previous three systems rep -resent data storage, data management and programming models respectively 5

integrated consideration of resources for applications and physical servers 3. Server consolidation. Server consolidation is an approach to the efficient usage

of computer server resources for the sake of cost and electricity savings 7 However, despite the benefits of this approach, server consolidation, bear many

problems that have to be considered. One example of these problems is resource congestion when VM changes its footprint on the server,

which could happen as a result of maximally consolidating a server. Thus, it is crucial to monitor the fluctuations of VM footprints in order to best mange server con

-solidation. In addition, the system has to quickly response to resource con -gestion when they occur

4. Energy management. Energy efficiency and environmental considerations are very important factors in cloud computing that have to be well-thought-out in

designing its architecture. Those requirements can be met by adopting different solutions. One example is the usage of energy efficient hardware architecture

that allows better utilization of hardware resources such as CPU and memory Also, energy-aware job scheduling and server consolidation are two other ways

to reduce power consumption by turning off unused machines 2. 2 Strategic and Managerial Challenges and Opportunities 27

data centers, especially when they are composed of several hundreds of servers 6. Data security. The infrastructure provider tries to achieve best data security by

-mance of the servers and other resources to comply with the business needs. On the other hand,

servers introduces considerable security concerns. Associating multiple servers with one host removes the physical separation between servers,

increasing the risk of undesirable cooperation of one application (of one VM) with others on the same

host. Also, if an attacker gets the root to access the hypervisor, then it brings

sure that the old CSP, will delete customer†s data on its cloud servers 9. Service Level Agreement and trust management gaps

infrastructure (servers, hardware, programs, processing) would be done by a vendor (††the cloud†â€),

as networks, servers and software applications. It allows people to access the applications and software they need over the internet and without any limit.

-tribution, which kept applications on corporate servers with only core parts or a subset of an application†s code installed on the device, making the other packages

Moreover, in addition to web browsers, also web server software can be easily attacked by malware and other threats.

data can reside in the cloud on large servers run by giant technology firms such as Amazon and Google, where staggering amounts of data are stored for retrieval

company†s own app server. Frequent data interactions can increase data accu -racy, and at the same time the degree of data sharing will be increased 8

Moreover, Windows Server 8 and Dynamic Access will provide an even more compelling solution 16 5. 5. 2 Modernize the Desktop Strategy

Nevertheless, enabling such strategy includes new technologies such as server -based virtualization for application streaming and user state virtualization for a

server or local Virtual workspace server or local Access to hosted desktop Access to hosted desktop

Public access apps Remote desktop Session roaming Session roaming Remote apps Apps virtualization Apps virtualization

servers can monitor and record the navigation of millions of users and produce in real-time pages with a highly personalized content based on the profile and

resources such as networks, servers, and software applications. Furthermore, we have analyzed the challenges to digital business innovation by the diffusion and

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