Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission Digital collaboration: Delivering innovation, productivity and happiness
entry, digitization, content moderation, and other services. Component tasks (â€oemicrowork†are distributed to the workforce, including 1 600 women
These incubation spaces are key to emerging digital economies because they solve a lot of the problems that young digital entrepreneurs face by providing connectivity
•digital images •electronic marketing •social media skills: blogging, social media management •basic understanding of search engine
OECD Digital economy Papers, No. 198. OECD Publishing, 2012 http://dx. doi. org/10.1787/5k994f3prlr5-en
namely to set up Internet platforms and digital information processing tools to promote those value-generating collaborations
of the digital economy due to the †democratisation†of the access technologies, reducing the price and complexity in setting up wired or wireless links
Many of the inventions that now form the basis of the digital economy and the emerging Internet of things have their roots in
Europe 2020 priorities in areas like innovation, the digital economy, employment, youth industrial policy, poverty, and resource efficiency.
manages to give the digital economy the necessary political attention. It gave rise to the cooperation and commitment of various Commission services around a common
growth and jobs in the digital economy through an online platform. Citizens will identify barriers to growth, job creation and investment,
Furthermore, the Digital economy is now mainly based on business models that aggregate, analyse and sell personal data, turning personal data in what has been defined as the â€oeoil of the Internet economyâ€.
important issue in the digital economy, since social interaction and relations are mediated increasingly by the network and their instruments.
mechanisms are crucial for the understanding of future bottom-up digital economies. The agency that public or private providers have today on identity is mainly at device level.
and digital data accessed via the Internet Digital Social Innovation can deploy collective intelligence by connecting multiple individuals and groups
-ternet networks have become a key infrastructure for the development of the digital economy due to the
can exploit the European added value in the digital economy. Digital means that any data exist in binary
-sourcing metadata for the digital image inventory. The â€oetag. Check Score. †application was developed by Alan Meyer, Fellow of Code for
Because digitization has presented a whole host of challenges for many museums, libraries and archives, the aim was to also
and digital data accessed via the Internet Digital Social Innovation can deploy collective intelligence by connecting multiple individuals and groups
-ternet networks have become a key infrastructure for the development of the digital economy due to the
can exploit the European added value in the digital economy. Digital means that any data exist in binary
-sourcing metadata for the digital image inventory. The â€oetag. Check Score. †application was developed by Alan Meyer, Fellow of Code for
Because digitization has presented a whole host of challenges for many museums, libraries and archives, the aim was to also
digital economy and the realization of the Digital Single Market for Europe are one of the four main drivers of a more prosperous and competitive Europe.
digitisation and online display of orphan works and introduces a new exception to copyright (one of the few ones to be fully harmonised at EU level.
framework for the mass digitisation of books and scientific journals. The practical implementation of the Mou is ongoing.
strengthened online privacy rights and boosting Europe's digital economy The Commission's proposals update and modernise the principles enshrined in the
access to high speed broadband (30 Megabits per second or more) for all Europeans by 2020, with at least 50%of European
households having high speed subscriptions above 100 Megabits per second The costs of Next Generation Access (NGA) deployment in Europe are estimated to
The growth of the internet and the power of the digital economy have opened new ways for
business environment and the digital economy. Or it creates a bias and competitive advantage for one channel over another.
or adapting to the digital economy; such (digital) one -stop shops should contain user friendly knowledge about EU and national
With the digitisation of the economy and the gathering of data, a number of online-specific
accelerated speed towards a digital economy, if public administrations still function with papers and a physical infrastructure only.
that there is a correlation between levels of digitisation and composite well-being proxy indicators such as the United nations Human Development Index (HDI) and the indices compiled by Gallup and the
Digitisation indices, HDI wellness indicators evaluation indicators for individual programmes +Medium term Need for adequate measurements and
Measuring socioeconomic digitization: A paradigm shift. Available at SSRN 2031531 Kahn, L. B. 2010) â€oethe long-term labor market consequences of graduating from college in a bad
and Han Zhang, 1999, â€oesmall Business in the Digital economy: Digital Company of the Future, †paper presented at the conference, Understanding the Digital economy
Data, Tools, and Research, Washington, D c.,25-26,may 1999 Berman, Eli, John Bound and Stephen Machin, 1997, †Implications of Skill-Biased Technological Change
with a digital information and technology mindset, and working backward Measurement is short-term and input-centric, and value measurement
international (digital economy and e-commerce Previously, he worked as Project Manager in the financial services industry Please feel free to contact Bert at:
such as digital data processing (the first computer was invented in the 1940s) or cellular telephone communication (the technological
currencies in online games, to others selling its digital data â€oein many cases, digital has moved technology toward becoming the
3. The digitisation of everything: how organisations must adapt to changing consumer behaviour, EY, 2011
•Digital data opportunities: using insight to drive relevance in the digital world, EY, 2011 •â€oepredictive analytics:
•The digitisation of everything: how organisations must adapt to changing consumer behaviour, EY, 2011
key element in the digital economy, for example Ireland has attracted already major games companies from overseas who have sited their customer support and
specifically and the wider digital economy. From a regional perspective, it will be important that  Games and digital media firms already located in the South East engage with the wider
1200-baud modem was slow by 2014†s gigabit broadband standards. But in terms of speed and
of the digital economy due to the †democratisation†of the access technologies, reducing the price and complexity in setting up wired or wireless links
Many of the inventions that now form the basis of the digital economy and the emerging Internet of things have their roots in
platforms for music and movies, digitisation and access to Europe's cultural heritage79). ) The deployment of a culture of open data and secured online access
up to 4. 5%of the total EU GDP and some 3. 8%of its workforce,'Building a Digital economy
characterised in particular by digitisation and globalisation, offering great opportunities for the sectors but making it necessary for them to develop new
digitisation of cultural heritage), strengthening of entrepreneurship in CCIS the support to urban regeneration in which the cultural component (notably
The digitisation of business processes The continuous improvement of the basic ICT infrastructure in the TLS sector has allowed
This vision of e-commerce also covers the digitisation of internal business processes the internal processing of documents related to transactions) as well as cooperative or
Trust, privacy and identity in the digital economy The information society has deeply and irreversibly transformed our society.
showing where digital economies flourish. The study examines the factors contributing to the success of these regions and highlights the fact that even smaller ones can succeed,
or country that will decide to use this instrument to trigger SMES'digitization and contribute to their business development
some level of success. The open standards1 of DICOM for digital images and HL7 for clinical messaging are slowly becoming universally available, and
How health care organisations handle their digital information environment affects the uptake of health ICTS. Sharing sensitive patient data
500 terabytes of information compared to nineteen terabytes of information in the surface Web. More than half of the deep Web content
resides in topic-specific databases ï A full ninety-five per cent of the deep Web is publicly accessible information--not subject to
Internet, have made the use of digital information as a competitive weapon no longer just the domain of larger companies.
and Han Zhang, 1999, â€oesmall Business in the Digital economy: Digital Company of the Future, †paper presented at the conference, Understanding the Digital economy
Data, Tools, and Research, Washington, D c.,25-26,may 1999 Berman, Eli, John Bound and Stephen Machin, 1997, †Implications of Skill-Biased Technological Change
Development and Public Policy in the Emerging Digital economy, University of Trollhã¤ttan/Uddevalla, Uddevalla, Sweden, 6†8 june, 7†19
forms across Europe to assist SMES with the transition towards a digital economy, many small and micro-companies do not have the resources to access
the transition towards a digital economy, many small and micro companies do not have the resources
digital information appliances, automotive and advanced parts and design •Multilevel coordination and mobilisation of stakeholders:
freight transport, including digital mapping, the monitoring of dangerous goods and live animals, and interoperability of
A Survey of the Literature, †OECD Digital economy Papers, no 195 (2012), http://dx. doi. org/10.1787/5k9bh3jllgs7-en;
17 Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital economy. Aus -tralia†s digital economy: future directions. Final report.
Canberra: Common -wealth of Australia, 2009. http://www. dbcde. gov. au/data/assets/pdf file/0006
17 Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital economy. Australia†s digital economy: future directions. Final report
18 Coye M, Kell J. How hospitals confront new technology. Health Aff (Millwood) 2006; 25: 163-173
GB Gigabyte GDP Gross domestic product GHZ Gigahertz GPON Gigabit Passive Optical Network; in a GPON system the
bandwidth is shared by all users connected to a given splitter; see Section 4. 1. 1
TB Terabyte (1 Terabyte=1000 Gigabytes VDSL/VDSL2 Very High Speed Digital Subscriber Line (version 2;
(which is 1 Terabyte, or 1 TB) per month 9 Cisco VNI (2012), op cit 10 Cisco VNI (2012), op cit
36 In a Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON), the typical bandwidth is up to 2. 5 Gbps downstream and up to 1, 25
Cable networks can offer Gigabit bitrates for IP traffic. The customers within a given cable cluster,
I want every European to have 30 Megabit coverage by 2020: and that†s where next generation wireless networks will play a very important
least half of Europeans to have ultra-fast access at over 100 Megabits by 2020:
Countries, OECD Digital economy Papers, No. 197, OECD Publishing. http://dx. doi org/10.1787/5k9bcwkg3hwf-en
Education and Training (E&t) systems to keep pace with the digital economy and society. In order to modernise E&t systems, true ICT-enabled learning innovations (ICT-ELI) are needed that improve
country groups, countries in this group have made greater strides towards digitization: approximately 38%reported a high level of electronic records and their transmission
communication that is often in evidence between the professionals who develop digital information systems and those who develop the standards,
that countries in the higher-income groups are more likely to be advanced further in the digitization
digitization of records is highly dependent on, and linked to, the availability of human and ICT resources
the digital economy •Innovation Union: It consists of over 30 action points aimed at boosting research
initiatives of the Europe 2020 Strategy, has the goal of creating a flourishing digital economy by 2020
â€oedatafication†and digitization, including of human activity, into digital â€oebreadcrumbs†or â€oefootprints†In an increasingly digitized world,
and digitization of information Different types and forms of data, including large amounts of unstructured data
bandwidth, in megabits per second (Mbit/s It is measured as the sum of used capacity of
data usage of (a minimum of) 1 Gigabyte GB). ) For plans that limit the monthly amount
bytes is added to the sub-basket. The minimum speed of a broadband connection is 256 kbit/s
additional byte is added to the monthly price so as to calculate the cost of 1 GB of data per
With the new digital economy creating signifi -cant disruptions and opportunities, our global team of over 3, 600 talented individuals work with leading
characterized by the pervasive reach of the digital economy and the transformation properties that implementing ICT can have on several layers (legislation, innovation, procedural changes, behavioral
for Europe as framework of reference to define an overview on how to boost the digital economy for the
By high amount of data one understands an interval included between dozens of Terabytes and several
Big data, a general term for the massive amount of digital data being collected from all sorts of sources,
dozens of Terabytes and several Petabytes of information), within a limited interval Definition of data sets to be
Supporting the effort of digitization of all European cultural content and providing a platform for aggregating
have developed different models and methodologies for Digitization The European Digital Library is the maximum interest focus point of the ITC strategy in the field of culture
requires the right conditions for proceeding with digitization, online accessibility and preservation of cultural content.
ï Provides most of the funding for digitization and implement decisions taken jointly at European level
the action of digitization of the cultural patrimony of Romania is represented by the preservation of
The digitization of the cultural content specific to Romanian communities will have a major impact on the degree of the citizensâ€
of the digital economy due to the †democratisation†of the access technologies, reducing the price and complexity in setting up wired or wireless links
Many of the inventions that now form the basis of the digital economy and the emerging Internet of things have their roots in
2 megabits per second, OECD average=100 Figure 13. Price of 40 hours of Internet use at peak
receive orders and to send digital images of products only to known clients (which then sell to other
"and from the UK on the"Digital economy Act",available at http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/tris/pisa/app/search/index. cfm?
•The UK Digital economy Act follows a three-tier approach. First, ISPS must notify their subscribers of infringements which have been reported by copyright owners and
of the Digital economy Act (DEA, discussed above) under the European law and in particular Article 15 thereof144.
It is acknowledged widely that trust is the currency of the digital economy. In today's digital
which addresses new challenges such as technological developments in the digital economy and more intense globalisation, while eliminating unnecessary costs for operators,
digitisation and making available of"orphan works"."198 Orphan works are works such as books, newspapers or films that are protected still by copyright but whose
Digitisation and Making Available of Out-of-Commerce Works, 20.09.2011, available at http://ec. europa. eu/internal market/copyright/copyright-infso/copyright-infso en. htm#mou
evidence shows that the digital economy has positive effects on the environment For example, compared to a traditional CD purchase in a"brick and mortar"shop, the
such as digitisation, mass collaboration, and sus -tainability needs is creating a unique opportunity to enable an explosive increase in shared value due
collision of three mega trends digitisation, mass collaboration, and sustainability. Across the world Moore†s law is colliding with virtually every domain
•The extent of newspaper digitisation in European Libraries •Refinement •Quality Assessment •Metadata
on the digitisation and online accessibility of cultural material and digital preservation EN 1 EN
on the digitisation and online accessibility of cultural material and digital preservation THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European union, and in particular
The digitisation and preservation of Europe†s cultural memory which includes print (books, journals, newspapers
2) The EU's strategy for digitisation and preservation builds on the work done over the
digitisation 3) On 28 august 2006, the Commission issued a Recommendation to the Member States with a view to optimising, by means of the internet, the economic and cultural
4) Moreover the context for digitisation efforts and for collaboration at European level has changed considerably over the last few years.
now to reap the benefits of digitisation and digital preservation. If Member States do not step up their investments in this area,
digitisation of their assets will help Europe†s cultural institutions to continue carrying out their mission of giving access to and preserving our heritage in the digital
8) Digitisation is an important means for ensuring greater access to and use of cultural
digitisation. It would also lead to a more secure climate for companies investing in digitisation technologies.
Overviews of current and planned digitisation activities and quantitative targets for digitisation would contribute to achieving those objectives
9) The cost of digitising the whole of Europe†s cultural heritage is high and cannot be
covered by public funding alone. Private sector sponsoring of digitisation or partnerships between the public and private sectors can involve private entities in
digitisation efforts and should be encouraged further. In order to be balanced fair and these partnerships should comply with a number of key principles.
In particular it is necessary to set time-limits for the preferential use of the digitised material.
and are being used to co-fund digitisation activities as part of projects having an impact on the regional economy.
Mass digitisation processes can gain in efficiency due to scale. Therefore, the efficient use of digitisation capacity and, where possible
the sharing of digitisation equipment between cultural institutions and countries should be encouraged 11) Only part of the material held by libraries,
archives and museums is in the public domain, in the sense that it is not
-scale digitisation of out-of-commerce works, legislative backing for licensing solutions voluntarily developed by stakeholders may be needed in the Member States
further dialogues to facilitate agreements for the digitisation of as much of the out-of -commerce material as possible.
Digitisation: organisation and funding 1. further develop their planning and monitoring of the digitisation of books, journals
newspapers, photographs, museum objects, archival documents, sound and audiovisual material, monuments and archaeological sites (hereinafter †cultural
a) setting clear quantitative targets for the digitisation of cultural material, in line with the overall targets mentioned under point 7, indicating the expected
create new ways of funding digitisation of cultural material and to stimulate innovative uses of the material,
digitisation are balanced fair and, and in line with the conditions indicated in the Annex 1 OJ L 323,9. 12.2005, p. 57
3. make use of the EU€ s Structural Funds, where possible, to co-finance digitisation
4. consider ways to optimise the use of digitisation capacity and achieve economies of scale, which may imply the pooling of digitisation efforts by cultural institutions and
cross-border collaboration, building on competence centres for digitisation in Europe Digitisation and online accessibility of public domain material
5. improve access to and use of digitised cultural material that is in the public domain by
a) ensuring that material in the public domain remains in the public domain after digitisation b) promoting the widest possible access to digitised public domain material as
well as the widest possible reuse of the material for noncommercial and commercial purposes c) taking measures to limit the use of intrusive watermarks or other visual
Digitisation and online accessibility of in-copyright material 6. improve conditions for the digitisation and online accessibility of in-copyright
material by a) rapid and correct transposition and implementation of the provisions of the Directive on orphan works, once it is adopted, with consultation of interested
identified and agreed by stakeholders for the large scale digitisation and cross -border accessibility of works that are out-of-commerce
b) making all public funding for future digitisation projects conditional on the accessibility of the digitised material through Europeana
e) ensuring the use of common digitisation standards defined by Europeana in collaboration with the cultural institutions in order to achieve interoperability
Public-private partnerships for digitisation In order to make rapid progress on the digitisation of our cultural heritage, public funding for
digitisation needs to be complemented by private investment. Therefore, the Commission encourages public-private partnerships for the digitisation of cultural material
It calls on the Member States to stimulate such partnerships, which should comply with the
following key principles 1) Respect for intellectual property rights Public-private partnerships for the digitisation of collections in cultural institutions should
fully respect the European union and international legislation on intellectual property rights 2) Non-exclusivity The agreements for digitising public domain material should be non-exclusive in the sense
Agreements for the digitisation of collections held by cultural institutions should be awarded after an open competition between potential private partners
digitisation of cultural collections should be made public 5) Accessibility through Europeana The conclusion of a public-private partnership should be conditional on the accessibility of
†The envisaged digitisation quality, and the quality of the files that will be given to the cultural institutions.
†The time-scale of the digitisation project EN 10 EN ANNEX II Indicative targets for minimum content contribution to Europeana per Member State
Digitisation: organisation and funding Digital preservation Follow-up to this Recommendation For the Commission
Southeast Regional Authority Regional Planning Guidelines for the Southeast Region 2010-2022 Acknowledgements Cover photo courtesy of Conan Power
digitization of personal information combined with international movement of people creates real risks of cybersecurity.
P. 1. 4. SME Digitisation In order to increase the use of information and communication technologies by small and medium
along with digitisation drivers, such as e-commerce and e-invoicing P. 1. 5. Digital Skills amongst Citizens
P. 1. 4. SME Digitisation In order to increase the use of information and communication technologies by small and medium
along with digitisation drivers, such as e-commerce and e-invoicing P. 1. 5. Digital Skills amongst Citizens
movies, digitisation and access to Europe's cultural heritage79. The deployment of a culture of
total EU GDP and some 3. 8%of its workforce,'Building a Digital economy: The importance of saving jobs in the
particular by digitisation and globalisation, offering great opportunities for the sectors but making it necessary for them to develop new skills,
for example to promote the digitisation of cultural heritage), strengthening of entrepreneurship in CCIS, the support to urban regeneration in which the cultural
facilities in digital economy or information society For the common consumer, besides facilities provided by broadband
developing a digital economy, the promotion of low-carbon, encouraging development of new products and modernizing education and training sector.
cobertura que permita el acceso a una velocidad de 30 megabits por segundo (Mbps) o superior, al
cobertura que permita el acceso a una velocidad de 30 megabits por segundo (Mbps) o superior, al
cobertura que permita el acceso a una velocidad de 30 megabits por segundo (Mbps) o superior, al
6. 2 Develop the digital economy for companies growth and competitiveness 6. 3 Boost egovernment and improve the efficacy, efficiency,
growing social-digital economy. Yet to be of any use, the new superfluity of data needs to
digital economy, †Microsoft†s senior director for EU institutional Affairs said John Higgins, director general of
At the same time, digitisation created six million jobs globally in 2011, despite the economic downturn, as ICT is widely
the digital economy. Every year approximately 100,000 new vacancies are created in an attempt to fill the gap between the †e-skilled
Digital economy Greece is also signing the National Coalition for the Digital economy, which is part of the Grand Coalition for Digital
Jobs and Training, launched by the Commissioner for the Digital Agenda Neelie Kroes, in March 2013, Sirros stated
on Understanding the Digital economy: Data, Tools and Research, held at the U s. Department of commerce, Washington, D c.,25-26 may 1999.
Forthcoming in Understanding the Digital economy eds.,, E. Brynolfsson and B. Kahin (eds. MIT Press Please do not reproduce without author†s expressed permission
>Understanding the Digital economy's Evolution and the Path of Measured Productivity Growth Present and Future in the Mirror of the Past
absence of an evident link between progress in digital information technologies and the productivity performance of the economy at large crystallized around the perception that the U s.,along with other advanced
formation of this"problematic"view of the digital information technology was an offhand (yet nonetheless pithy) remark made in the summer of 1987 by Robert Solow, Institute Professor at MIT and Economics Nobel
performance of the digital economy. Having persisted since 1989 in advancing the latter, â€oeregime transition†interpretation of the so-called productivity paradox,
emerging digital economy continues to rest upon the idea that we are in the midst of a complex, contingent and
around digital information processing and its distribution via electronic and electro-optical networks has turned out to be an affair in which the disruptive potentialities of the novel technologies and new modes of business
total factor productivity residual that could be attributed reasonably to the exploitation of digital information technologies. Although intent to divine the early harbingers of a more widespread recovery in productivity
The development and exploitation of digital information, like previous profound historical transformations based upon new â€oegeneral purpose engines, †turns out to entail a complicated techno-economic
of insights into the dynamics of the digital economy and its productivity performance. Section 6 concludes by
increasingly widespread as digital information technologies diffuse throughout the economy, deserves further consideration 3. 2 Leaving out investments in organizational change:
and the advent of digital information processing technologies in particular, having stimulated the creation of new software assets within the learning
detailed future shape of the diffusion path in the case of the digital information revolution from the experience of
6. Historical Perspectives on the Growth of Measured Productivity in the Digital economy 38 See David (1991a), Technical Appendix for this demonstration
†Prepared for the White house Conference on Understanding the Digital economy WASHINGTON DC, May 25-6, 1999 David, Paul A,
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