| Collective dismissal (1) |  |
| Dismissal (206) | |
| Outplacement (3) | |
| Redundancy (355) | |
| Severance pay (25) | |
| Collective dismissal (1) | |
| Dismissal (206) | |
| Outplacement (3) | |
| Redundancy (355) | |
| Severance pay (25) | |
Prediction of remaining service execution time using stochastic petri nets with arbitrary firing delays. In Proceedings of international conference on service-oriented computing (ICSOC)( pp. 389 403.
A huge challenge with variants is that there is danger of redundancy. If you fully embrace the concept of variants (i e.,
and avoiding redundancy (Hallerbach, Bauer, & Reichert, 2010). Another implementation of a similar variants concept is based on Eclipse (Weber, Reichert, Mendling,
and work redundancies with high costs (Hammer & Champy, 2003). Hence, BPR promotes the use of IT to redesign endtoend business processes from a clean slate (instead of merely automating existing departmental processes) in order to increase organizational performance.
Regional Innovation Monitor Plus 17 These institutional changes coupled with the firing of experts, dispersion and redistribution of authorities and responsibilities have slowed necessarily down the absorption of EU Structural Funds.
5) the firing of the lion's share of past experts the allocation of funding from EU Structural Funds (that accounted on the average for 57%of annual government budget outlays on R&d in Hungary over the period between 2007 201310
when by apparent redundancy. For example in the CI of E-business Readiness the indicator 1 I Percentage of firms using Internet and indicator 2
This step is also very important to identify redundancies among selected phenomena and to evaluate possible gaps in basic data.
In addition, redundancy allows for a measure of judgment errors, an inconsistency ratio. Small inconsistency ratios the suggested rule-of-thumb is less than 0. 1,
from massive firings and salary reductions to negotiated rises in salaries between workers and entrepreneurs mediated by the state, plus very low levels of unemployment.
as well as more redundancies in this sector. 10 In some countries, such as the UK, this is leading to greater de-regularisation
and also made redundancy easier by eliminating the need to follow a specific order in dismissals
Finland made the redundancy process more flexible by eliminating the requirement to notify a third party before dismissing 1 redundant worker or a group of 9 redundant workers.
Changed redundancy cost and procedures Belgium; Croatia; Finland; France; Georgia; Portugal Finland eliminated the requirement to notify a third party before dismissing 1 or a group of 9 redundant employees.
Shareholders approve the election and dismissal of the external auditor. A company must obtain shareholders'approval to issue new shares.
Work scheduling 2. 1. Hiring 3. Redundancy DATA NOTES 143 p, niht work, protction inst unmplomnt nd mdicl crnd sicknss bnfits.
Redundancy cost Rdundnccost msurs thcost of dvncnoticrquirmnts, sv-rncpmnts nd pnltis duwhn trmintinrdundnt workr, xprssd in wks of slr.
Labor market regulation Belgium increased the notice period for redundancy dismissals. Benin Starting a business Benin made starting a business easier by reducing the minimum capital requirement
including the provisions dealing with large-scale collective redundancy processes. Gabon Registering property Gabon made transferring property more costly by increasing the property registration tax rate.
and introduced a notice period for redundancy dismissals. Germany Starting a business Germany made starting a business more difficult by increasing notary fees.
Labor market regulation Portugal reduced the amount of severance pay per year of service and increased the maximum cumulative duration of fixed-term contracts.
leading to losses of employment in an economy or to its missing out on job-supporting agglomeration effects and knowledge spillovers. 3 Doing Business measures flexibility in the regulation of employment as it affects the hiring and redundancy of workers and the rigidity
No No No Yes No No No No No No Paid annual leave (working days) d 20.0 20.0 22.0 22.0 12.0 18.0 20.0 20.0 25.0 17.0 Difficulty of redundancy Maximum length of probationary period (months
. 0 Dismissal due to redundancy allowed by law? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
f No No Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No Priority rules for redundancies?
Yes Yes No Yes No No No No Yes No Redundancy cost Notice period for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 4. 3 10.1 4. 3 4. 3 3. 4 7. 2 6
. 0 3. 0 2. 0 8. 7 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 17.3 10.7 13.0 26.7 12.8 23.1 5
No No No No No No Yes No No No Paid annual leave (working days) d 11.7 30.0 17.0 17.0 20.3 18.0 20.0 10.0 24.0 15.0 Difficulty of redundancy Maximum length of probationary period (months
. 0 Dismissal due to redundancy allowed by law? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
f No No No No No Yes No No No No Priority rules for redundancies?
No No Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No Redundancy cost Notice period for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 2. 0 4. 3 4. 3 4. 3 2. 7 8. 7
19.7 4. 7 4. 3 8. 3 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 10.7 0. 0 26.7 26.7 13.3 13.0
No No No No No No No Yes No No Paid annual leave (working days) d 21.7 18.0 15.0 26.0 26.0 13.3 20.0 22.0 21.0 22.0 Difficulty of redundancy Maximum length of probationary period (months
. 0 Dismissal due to redundancy allowed by law? No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
f n. a. Yes No No No No No No No Yes Priority rules for redundancies?
n. a. Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes No Redundancy cost Notice period for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d n. a. 2. 0 4. 9 6. 6 6. 6
3. 0 4. 3 4. 3 8. 7 6. 4 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d n. a. 7. 2
No No No Yes No No No No No Yes Paid annual leave (working days) d 19.3 25.0 10.0 25.3 24.7 15.0 6. 7 6. 7 15.0 22.0 Difficulty of redundancy Maximum length
. 0 6. 0 Dismissal due to redundancy allowed by law? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
f No No No No No No Yes Yes No No Priority rules for redundancies?
Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Redundancy cost Notice period for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 7. 9 11.6 5. 0 4. 3 7. 2 4. 3 4
. 3 4. 3 0. 0 13.0 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 11.4 8. 3 5. 0 17.3 5. 8
No Yes No No Yes No No No No No Paid annual leave (working days) d 13.0 29.7 12.0 27.4 20.0 20.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 13.3 Difficulty of redundancy Maximum length of probationary period (months
Dismissal due to redundancy allowed by law? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
f No No No No Yes Yes No No No No Priority rules for redundancies?
Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Redundancy cost Notice period for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 10.3 8. 7 4. 3 5. 8 7. 9 5. 7 8
. 7 0. 0 4. 3 5. 8 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 0. 0 6. 9 14.4 7. 3
Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No No Paid annual leave (working days) d 14.0 12.0 24.0 11.0 22.0 19.0 24.0 18.3 10.0 30.0 Difficulty of redundancy Maximum length of probationary period (months
. 0 Dismissal due to redundancy allowed by law? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
f No No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes Priority rules for redundancies?
No No No No Yes No No No No Yes Redundancy cost Notice period for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 4. 0 0. 0 10.1 0. 0 4. 3 3. 1 8
. 6 8. 7 4. 3 10.1 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 22.2 31.8 26.7 22.9 34.3 12.3 4. 3
Yes No No No No No Yes No Yes Yes Paid annual leave (working days) d 30.0 24.0 21.0 24.0 24.0 15.0 22.3 13.3 15.0 30.0 Difficulty of redundancy Maximum length of probationary period (months
) e 4. 0 6. 0 12.0 6. 0 6. 0 6. 0 12.0 1. 0 2. 0 1. 0 Dismissal
due to redundancy allowed by law? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
f Yes No No No Yes No No No No No Priority rules for redundancies?
Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No Redundancy cost Notice period for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 7. 2 14.4 26.0 4. 3 10.0 3. 6 0. 0 7
. 2 0. 0 2. 1 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 4. 6 4. 3 0. 0 4. 3 11.6
No No No No No No No Yes No No Paid annual leave (working days) d 21.0 12.0 13.0 16.7 10.3 21.3 24.0 21.0 15.0 12.0 Difficulty of redundancy Maximum length of probationary period (months
. 0 Dismissal due to redundancy allowed by law? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
f No No No No No No No No No Yes Priority rules for redundancies?
Yes No No No No No No Yes Yes No Redundancy cost Notice period for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 0. 0 4. 3 10.1 7. 2 4. 3 6. 2 10.1
4. 3 4. 3 0. 0 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 26.0 12.3 0. 0 23.1 1. 4 7
No No No No Yes No No No No No Paid annual leave (working days) d 12.0 24.0 22.0 20.0 18.0 26.0 11.7 15.3 15.3 18.7 Difficulty of redundancy Maximum length of probationary period (months
) e 3. 0 1. 0 3. 0 12.0 n. a. 2. 0 3. 0 n. a n. a. 3. 0 Dismissal
due to redundancy allowed by law? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
f Yes No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No Priority rules for redundancies?
No No No No No Yes No No No Yes Redundancy cost Notice period for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 3. 7 4. 3 4. 5
4. 0 4. 3 4. 3 4. 3 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 57.8 23.1 0. 0 10.7 23.1
No No No No No Yes No No No No Paid annual leave (working days) d 18.0 21.0 0. 0 17.0 21.0 30.0 20.0 15.0 20.0 15.0 Difficulty of redundancy Maximum length of probationary period
. 0 Dismissal due to redundancy allowed by law? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
f Yes No No No Yes No No No Yes No Priority rules for redundancies?
No No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes Redundancy cost Notice period for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 4. 3 4. 3 4. 3 4. 3 4. 3 13.0 4
. 3 6. 4 4. 3 8. 7 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 4. 3 2. 1 0. 0 23.1
No No No No Yes No No No No No Paid annual leave (working days) d 12.0 16.0 30.0 20.7 25.0 20.0 24.0 18.0 13.3 30.0 Difficulty of redundancy Maximum length of probationary period (months
Dismissal due to redundancy allowed by law? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
f No No No Yes No No No No No No Priority rules for redundancies?
No Yes No No Yes No Yes No No No Redundancy cost Notice period for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 4. 3 4. 3 4. 3 8. 7 17.3 4. 3 3
. 4 4. 3 6. 7 7. 2 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 10.7 21.3 11.6 15.9 4. 3 8
No No No No No No No No Yes No Paid annual leave (working days) d 22.0 24.0 0. 0 18.0 17.0 12.0 12.0 0. 0 20.0 16.0 Difficulty of redundancy Maximum length
. 5 6. 0 Dismissal due to redundancy allowed by law? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
f No No No No No No No No Yes No Priority rules for redundancies?
Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Redundancy cost Notice period for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 4. 3 7. 3 0. 0 4. 3 4. 3 0. 0
0. 0 0. 0 8. 7 4. 3 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 9. 3 0. 0 0. 0
No Yes Yes No No No No No Yes No Paid annual leave (working days) d 21.0 19.5 24.0 10.0 20.0 18.0 20.0 20.0 30.0 22.0 Difficulty of redundancy Maximum length of probationary period (months
Dismissal due to redundancy allowed by law? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
f Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes No Yes Priority rules for redundancies?
No Yes No No No Yes No No No Yes Redundancy cost Notice period for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 4. 3 7. 2 4. 3 4. 3 4. 3 4. 3
8. 7 0. 0 0. 0 4. 3 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 6. 9 13.5 33.2 15.9 5
No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No Paid annual leave (working days) d 6. 0 6. 0 21.0 22.0 14.0 14.0 0. 0 22.0 11.0 20.0 Difficulty of redundancy Maximum
n. a. 1. 0 Dismissal due to redundancy allowed by law? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
f No No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No Priority rules for redundancies?
No No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Yes Redundancy cost Notice period for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 3. 2 3. 2 8. 7 4. 3 4. 3 4. 3
0. 0 0. 0 3. 3 7. 5 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 12.2 12.2 0. 0 0. 0
No No No Yes No No No Yes Yes No Paid annual leave (working days) d 13.0 5. 0 22.0 22.0 15.0 22.0 20.0 22.0 22.0 19.3 Difficulty of redundancy Maximum length of probationary period
6. 0 Dismissal due to redundancy allowed by law? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
f No No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes No Priority rules for redundancies?
Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No Redundancy cost Notice period for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 0. 0 4. 3 10.1 7. 9 0. 0 7. 2 4
. 0 8. 7 8. 7 4. 3 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 11.4 23.1 8. 7 9. 1 0
Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No Paid annual leave (working days) d 10.0 26.0 26.0 20.7 24.3 20.0 21.0 21.3 10.7 25.0 Difficulty of redundancy Maximum length of probationary period (months
. 0 Dismissal due to redundancy allowed by law? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
f No No No No No Yes No Yes No Yes Priority rules for redundancies?
No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No Redundancy cost Notice period for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 3. 3 0. 0 4. 3 4. 3 4. 3 0. 0
4. 3 8. 7 3. 0 11.6 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 0. 0 0. 0 26.0 15.2 10.5
No No No No No No No No No No Paid annual leave (working days) d 21.0 15.0 15.0 23.3 22.0 14.0 14.0 21.0 18.7 23.3 Difficulty of redundancy Maximum length of probationary period (months
. 0 Dismissal due to redundancy allowed by law? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
f Yes No Yes No No No No No No No Priority rules for redundancies?
No No No No No No Yes No Yes No Redundancy cost Notice period for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 5. 3 4. 3 4. 0 4. 3 2. 1 4. 3
8. 7 3. 7 4. 0 4. 3 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 5. 3 10.7 5. 3 21.7
No No Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes Paid annual leave (working days) d 16.0 11.0 25.0 20.0 21.7 12.0 23.3 20.0 6. 0 12.0 Difficulty of redundancy Maximum length of probationary period
1. 0 Dismissal due to redundancy allowed by law? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
f No No Yes No No Yes Yes No No No Priority rules for redundancies?
No No Yes No No Yes No No No No Redundancy cost Notice period for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 0. 0 5. 9 14.4 10.1 8. 7 3. 8 8. 7
4. 0 4. 3 4. 3 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 8. 8 8. 7 0. 0 0. 0
No Yes No No No No Yes Yes No No Paid annual leave (working days) d 30.0 0. 0 10.0 13.0 18.0 21.0 18.0 26.0 28.0 0. 0 Difficulty of redundancy Maximum length
. 0 Dismissal due to redundancy allowed by law? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
f No No No Yes No No Yes No No No Priority rules for redundancies?
Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No Redundancy cost Notice period for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 4. 3 0. 0 6. 4 4. 3 6. 7 8. 7
8. 7 4. 3 5. 3 0. 0 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 8. 8 0. 0 14.1 7
No No No No Yes No Yes No No No Paid annual leave (working days) d 0. 0 21.0 15.0 17.0 19.3 13.0 12.0 30.0 24.0 22.0 Difficulty of redundancy Maximum length of probationary period
. 3. 0 Dismissal due to redundancy allowed by law? Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Third-party notification if 1 worker is dismissed?
f No No Yes No n. a. Yes No No No Yes Priority rules for redundancies?
No No No No n. a. No No Yes No No Redundancy cost Notice period for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 0. 0 0. 0 8. 7 9. 3 n. a
. 0. 0 4. 3 4. 3 4. 3 13.0 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal (weeks of salary) d 0. 0 20.8 8. 7
. Whether compulsory before redundancy. g. No Doing Business data are available(..for some economies. h. Some answers are not applicable (n. a.)for economies where dismissal due to redundancy is disallowed.
Source: Doing Business database. Doing Business 2015 Going Beyond Efficiency Acknowledgments Data collection and analysis for Doing Business 2015 were conducted by a team led by Rita Ramalho (Manager,
and reduces redundancy. In some countries ministries of labour telecommunications, youth or human development, education, social development and even industry work together to identify common areas of interest
which separate project failure from redundancy. Examples include funding a range of parallel projects to test out innovations with job security,
Yes 1. 5 Must shareholders approve the election and dismissal of the external auditor? Yes 1. 5 Can shareholders freely trade shares prior to a major corporate action or meeting of shareholders?
specifically as it affects the hiring and redundancy of workers and the rigidity of working hours.
DB year Reform DB2011 Spain reduced the notice period applicable in case of redundancy dismissals. DB2013 Spain temporarily allowed unlimited duration of fixed-term contracts.
Doing Business 2015 Spain 85 LABOR MARKET REGULATION Difficulty of redundancy index Difficulty of redundancy index looks at 9 questions:(
ii) whether redundancy is disallowed as a basis for terminating workers;(iii) whether the employer needs to notify a third party (such as a government agency) to terminate 1 redundant worker;(
viii) whether priority rules apply for redundancies; and (ix) whether priority rules apply for reemployment.
Difficulty of redundancy index Data Maximum length of probationary period (months) 2. 0 Dismissal due to redundancy allowed by law?
No Retraining or reassignment obligation before redundancy? No Priority rules for redundancies? No Priority rules for reemployment?
No Source: Doing Business database. Doing Business 2015 Spain 86 LABOR MARKET REGULATION Redundancy cost Redundancy cost measures the cost of advance notice requirements,
severance payments and penalties due when terminating a redundant worker, expressed in weeks of salary.
Redundancy cost indicator (in salary weeks) Data Notice period for redundancy dismissal for a worker with 1 year of tenure 2. 1 Notice period for redundancy dismissal for a worker
with 5 years of tenure 2. 1 Notice period for redundancy dismissal for a worker with 10 years of tenure 2. 1 Notice period for redundancy dismissal (average
for workers with 1, 5 and 10 years of tenure) 2. 1 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal for a worker with 1 year of tenure 2. 9 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal
for a worker with 5 years of tenure 14.3 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal for a worker with 10 years of tenure 28.6 Severance pay for redundancy dismissal (average for workers with 1, 5
and Crowd mapping, social networking and democratic decision making tools, are technologies that allow for the quick identification (and dismissal) of issues.
and Crowd mapping, social networking and democratic decision making tools, are technologies that allow for the quick identification (and dismissal) of issues.
Though the system is hampered by many redundancies in training programmes, it also is experiencing gaps among different types of institutions,
Yet, such disconnects may hinder communication, foster more redundancy, and prevent training programs from adopting appropriate curricula
Opportunities for RETA Despite the challenges the redundancy in overall education and training system, the lack of university savvy about technology and entrepreneurship,
raising awareness of redundancies and potential synergies. The new market demand for energy efficiency will foster job creation in different ways.
there is also much redundancy. The Gothenburg model provides a useful model for a region that has struggled to launch entrepreneurship programs at the universities.
and firing of labour while employees are given generous social protection and rights to retraining has been attributed as a major factor in the resilience of Danish SMES through past crises (Anderson and Mailand, 2005, Madsen, 2006).
while the quantitative information (such as data on ownership shares or notice periods for individual dismissals) is subdivided into classes.
when by apparent redundancy. For example, in the CI of e-business readiness the indicator I1 Percentage of firms using Internet
AHP tolerates inconsistency through the amount of redundancy. For a matrix of size Q × Q only Q 1 comparisons are required to establish weights for Q indicators.
The actual number of comparisons performed in AHP is Q (Q 1)/ 2. This redundancy has two opposite consequences:
In addition, this redundancy allows for a measure of these judgment errors by providing a means of calculating an inconsistency ratio (Saaty, 1980;
when high correlation of components indicators does not mean redundancy of information in the composite,
In other words there is confusion between correlation and redundancy: redundancy implies correlation but the reverse is not necessarily true.
Secondly, being based only on correlation, FA is a way to discipline homogeneity rather than to represent plurality.
Furthermore, AHP tolerates inconsistency in the way people think through the amount of redundancy (more equations are available than the number of weights to be defined.
This redundancy is a useful feature as it is analogous to estimating a number by calculating the average of repeated observations.
Active liaison with outplacement consultants (working with employees on site) commenced in Mid september to identify potential start-up projects
and to support workers in redundancy situations. In October 2011 Skillnets announced an investment of €250, 000 for the immediate provision of training for Talk Talk employees,
Both the CCMA and the Waterford Chamber Skillnets have responded to the redundancy announcement at Talk Talk in Waterford.
EI actively liaised with the outplacement consultants that were working with employees on site from Mid-september to identify potential start-up projects.
Active liaison with outplacement consultants (working with employees on site) commenced on 15 september to identify potential start-up projects
On a less positive note and despite some efforts, Germany's labor market remains rigid (119th for the labor market flexibility subpillar), where a lack of flexibility in wage determination and the high cost of firing hinder job creation, particularly during business cycle downturns.
with more flexibility in setting wages, firing, and therefore hiring, more workers than in the other Nordics and than most European countries more generally.
with some of the world's most restrictive hiring and firing practices (138th) and a lack of flexibility in wage determination (144th) that does not match pay to productivity (143rd).
South africa ranks 113th in labor market efficiency (a drop of 18 places from last year), with rigid hiring and firing practices (143rd), a lack of flexibility in wage determination by companies (140th),
and firing practices (78th) and wages that are determined not flexibly (108th), reducing the incentive for job creation in the country.
Country Profile Highlights 2012 World Economic Forum labor force (5th) and reasonable redundancy costs. On the other hand, infrastructure in the country is underdeveloped (132nd), with low-quality roads and ports and an unreliable electricity supply.
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