Past

Beginning (205)
Durations (82)
Past (48)
Present (220)
Temporal arrangement (27)
Temporal properties (23)
Time (574)
Time periods (504)

Synopsis: Time & dates: Time & duration: Past:

It was suggested that maybe technology foresight could learn something from the past 20 30 years in socioeconomic study of science and technology,

Hence this assessment mainly depends on the experiences collected during the recent past and some previous studies cited above:

The modest aim is to sketch consistent and coherent descriptions of alternative hypothetical futures that reflect different perspectives on past, present,

References 1 P. A. David, Europe's Universities and Innovation Past, Present and Future, SIEPR Discussion paper No. 06-10,2006. 2 EC, The role of universities in the Europe

another Finnish team, bring this novel focus on tools further into the interface with policy approaches in their timely paper on the Role of Technology barometer in Assessing Past and Future development of National Innovation system.

i e. they are based only on past and often outdated data, and not on examination of future development.

or crosscutting topics, along the lines of examples from the past. The guiding questions were therefore:

with its concerns for the past, has little to offer to the practical intentions of Inclusive foresight.

Concepts, Spaces and Tools, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2002.8 J. Schot, A. Rip, The past and future of constructive technology assessment, Technol.

This was regarded as a break with the past Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 Trade-offs between policy impacts of future-oriented analysis 957 Table 1. A Framework to classify the impacts of foresight activities.

and recommendations need to be based upon sound data of the past and present, as well projections of those trends that can be projected with reasonable confidence of accuracy,

which successful approaches and ideas from the past discourage employees from innovation. Scanning processes can provide quick, occasional doses of chaos to employees and managers.

if the lessons of the past are forgotten. On the other hand the more embedded role as an instrument of articulating

34 J. W. Schot, A. Rip, The past and future of constructive technology assessment, Technology Forecasting and Social Change 54 (1997) 251 268.

looking at the past in order to address the present, while forgetting the future. In their efforts to establish a legal framework characterised by the fundamental values of order, stability and predictability, legislators,

looking solely to the immediate past in order PAGE 336 jforesight j VOL. 14 NO. 4 2012, pp. 336-351, Q Emerald Group Publishing Limited,

arguing that‘‘we are surrounded by numerous professors of the past, but not one of the future''(Miles and Keenan, 2003).

Rather than today's primarily‘‘reactive''work, according to which Law responds to observed economic trends and past societal events,

overcoming the epistemic models of FTA that inherently assume a world that evolves as an extrapolation of the past,

who argued that the industrial era of the past and today's ISSN 0953-7325 print/ISSN 1465-3990 online 2012 Taylor & francis http://dx. doi. org/10.1080/09537325.2012.715475 http://www. tandfonline. com

In slightly more provocative terms, predictive and formal models live in a phenomenological world that is fundamentally a reflection of the past.

and to get past their dichotomy by placing knowledge in a broader context of its contribution to social evolution Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 04:56 03 december 2014 760 D. Loveridge

The past and future of constructive technology assessment. Technological forecasting and Social Change 54, nos. 2 3: 251 68.

and knowledge spaces 823 Figure 1. Interplay of past, present, and future knowledge in an organisation. memory, at least to some extent.

we have singled out four knowledge spaces that are important in the context of RTOS (see also Table 1). The model combines the four knowledge spaces with three basic temporal scales (past, present, and futures.

and the past and the futures are more incoherent. This visualisation underlines a crucial point:

the actors have different interpretations of the present in relation to the past and the future but the present is the only temporal position where interpretations can be turned into actions.

First, impact evaluation was used to gain a systematic view of the past (see Halonen, Kallio, and Saari 2010.

Third, research should pay more attention to the systemic and temporal relativity of the organisations, that is, to how the interplay of past, present,

and also use scientific methods when analysing the past and the present in order to consider future options

A wide variety of information about the past and the present can contribute to this

Society's Telltale Signature Reveals the Past and Forecasts the Future, Simon and Scuster, New york, 1992.12 T. Devezas, J. Corredine, The biological determinants of long-wave behavior in socioeconomic

it is not sensible to extrapolate the future from data and relationships of the past.

Our analysis suggests that scenarios developed with broader stakeholder/expert participation will provide richer future images that go beyond the probable that is determined by the past and present 73,75.

it is not sensible to extrapolate the future fromdata and relationships of the past. Hence, it is important to recognize that representing scientific and technological diversity offers an important means to help foster more effective forms of innovation

we argue that future scenarios developed with a combination of well-designed modes of futures thinking will provide richer future images that go beyond the probable that is determined by the past and present.

IPTS and different past and present foresight network initiatives such as the European foresight Platform and Forlearn for organizing creative discussion platforms on foresight and scenario initiatives.

Conversely, strategic planning presupposes a distancing from the certainties (and known uncertainties) of the past and a significant amount of tolerance for new uncertainties.

Proceedings Participatory Design Conference, 2008, pp. 186 189.14 J. Schot, A. Rip, The past and future of constructive technology assessment, Technological forecasting and Social Change 54 (1997) 268

. Since the connection between the different generations of innovation processes and futures research can be established for the past,

The culture of looking ahead, having the past as an important reference..The collective commitment to take joint courses of action.

If we look at the past, it is clear that a great change is anticipated often by a series of micro-events, often not perceived.

while also indicating the decoupling of science from the planning exercises of the past. 268.

A review of the past and projectiio for the future',Forum for Agricultural Innovation and Development Council of Agriculture, 26 nov 2004, pp. 15 21.

and the scope for using foresight to further international science cooperation in the future. 2. The past and the present of international science cooperation Before thinking about the futures of international science cooperation,

it is essential to appreciate something of the past and the present. In this section, a short‘potted'history of international science cooperation since the Second world war is provided,

In order to differentiate from the rather technologydriive processes of the past, a new approach was sought. This new strategy process should orient itself more towards demand-driven questions.

and try to identify what is lying ahead without looking into the past. Global challenges therefore represent different strands of issues (authors'own observation:.

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