Beginning

Beginning (205)
Durations (82)
Past (48)
Present (220)
Temporal arrangement (27)
Temporal properties (23)
Time (574)
Time periods (504)

Synopsis: Time & dates: Time & duration: Beginning:

The starting point and ideas behind the organisation of the Seminar were to learn and consolidate from the recent rejuvenation and growth in future-oriented technology analyses (FTA).

(strategic decision-making In the context of that example there is obviously no scope for sequential strategic decision-making in the sense of acquiring fire-protection assets once information on a beginning fire starts coming in 10

Plausible in the sense that they start from (aspects of) the current situation and develop in ways consistent with established knowledge.

which are likely to create trend-breaks form a useful starting point for drafting framework scenarios. Before the actual sketching,

A possible starting point is therefore a debate on visions related to the focal issue of the exercise.

(and perhaps the beginnings of Phase 3). It should then be developed further in conjunction with the back-office work in Phase 3,

Research activities are due to start in 2008. The activities in Woodwisdom-Net are carried out in five work packages (WP.

Moreover, the tasks in the last phases were specified not fully at the outset (e g.,, workshop activities),

At the beginning, the workshop agenda was presented briefly to the participants. Then, the participants were invited to comment on the proposed solicited issues and their assessments (approx. 1. 5 h),

However, regulatory impact assessment is the starting point for our contribution. The paper goes one step further and tries to address especially approaches which allow the identification of future fields for regulatory action,

The overview of methodologies in Section 2 starts with a list of possible methodologies which are also relevant for assessing the impact of public R&d policies.

The use of indicators to perform regulatory foresight exercises is just beginning. Since research activities only being performed in basic research are less likely to create challenges for the regulatory framework in the near or mid-term future

The need for regulatory adjustment is highest in those fields with a rather low level of activity at the starting point,

The start of standardisation activities within services is rather recent. De vries 32 33 was one of the first researchers who conducted first case studies on standards for services

However, this is only a starting point of an assessment of regulatory foresight methodologies. Despite the availability of a number of foresight methods, there is a scope

From the outset 533 D. K. R. Robinson, T. Propp/Technological forecasting & Social Change 75 (2008) 517 538 no preference can be given to any chain,

As a starting point, a conceptual framework is presented which outlines the major characteristics of emerging knowledge societies. This is based on a review of the available literature.

Typically, logic model approaches start with specific programme goals and objectives and attempt to identify paths to potential goal attainment by treating foresight programmes as systems comprised of a number of basic elements, namely context, actors, processes

In this instance, the starting point cannot be the rationale and objectives of the programme. Instead, the impact assessment framework has to be built the other way round,

The organisers regarded the results of the first round as a starting point for wider discussion of more social orientation This meant,

A review of recent works on the future of higher education shows that the starting point in these exercises is either an existing or an abstract university.

& Social Change 75 (2008) 558 582 starting point the‘unit of analysis'is either an existing or an abstract (hypothetical) university.

the starting point here is the EU, as the broadest socioeconomic context for universities, with its own science, technology and innovation (STI) policy tools,

Futures for universities can be devised by using various starting points. One possibility is to take the perspective of the sector,

The main advantage of taking existing or hypothetical universities as a starting point unit of analysis is that a wealth of micro-level factors can be considered.

or a starting point for actual policy preparation or strategy building exercises by considering different future states first for the EU and the European research and Innovation Area,

A systematic risk analysis typically starts, after the data gathering, with the identification of hazards and the associated hazardous scenarios according to a specific procedure defined by the selected risk analysis method.

Risk management is based not on a striving for perfection from the start nor even on systematic surveillance of deviances for the purpose of correcting them,

a medium-size company offering control systems for high-tech companies, a medium-size technology company and a large-size technology company. 2 The back-pocket roadmap starts

CES project, for example, stresses the operational level risk assessment whereas the INNORISK project's starting point is corporate strategic decision making.

Fixed vs. autonomous management o Fixed management can be characterised as centralised approach in which co-ordinators fix the scope and methods of the exercise at the outset and control the process,

Accordingly composite indicators must be seen as starting points for initiating discussion and attracting public interest 1, 2. Finland has improved her positionamong developed nations according to several internationalperformance comparisons since the latter part of 1990s,

Fromthe start TEK included in the barometer both a comparative study of reference countries, based on indicators of past development,

The milestones of the process are described in Fig. 2. The first workshop was held as a starting point in the process to define those topics which should be elaborated in more detail,

These interfaces were the starting points for the searches at the national and international level. For every field, topic coordinators (sometimes two persons) were nominated who were responsible for defining

Nevertheless, this conference marked the beginning of the integration of the topics that were identified into the German innovation system and into BMBF.

these fields were selected as starting points to search for new topics in science and technology, at first at the national level, later on internationally.

These crosscutting areas were additional starting points for searches. Fig. 3. Timeline of the methodology and different outputs at the end. 1190 K. Cuhls et al./

As an incentive, all participants who included their e-mail received the summarised results (beginning of 2009.

which described the starting points in the thematic fields as discussed in the first workshop of the process.

in order to inform them about the start of the process and deliver some first preliminary impressions of topics that would be the start of the search phase.

Nevertheless, the process had four different objectives and there are many more impacts and outputs in-between. One impact is by informing BMBF about things to come.

and avoid influences on the thematic focus from the beginning. Especially the direct predecessor process Futur 13,14 was promoted directly from the beginning.

It was well-known and therefore, the expectations were very high. The Delphi surveys 16 were known mainly by expert communities who participated because at that point in time

It was very important to include BMBF from the start but without BMBF advising BMBF.

The value in close collaboration between scenario 1201 A. Volkery, T. Ribeiro/Technological forecasting & Social Change 76 (2009) 1198 1207 developers and users, particularly at the beginning and ending stages of a scenario exercise,

From their beginning in Japan in 1971 it was natural for Foresight studies to absorb many of the processes

Ulrich provides a list of questions that can be used as a starting point for the assessment of the boundaries of the situation

Constructive technology assessment (Constructive TA) 6 10 as a reflexive strategy articulation support system taking as its starting point ongoing socio-technical dynamics is particularly suitable for such a purpose.

This shows the status of the IC+game board at the time of the workshop and was the starting point for the development of realistically complex scenarios.

From the beginning of the process it was clear for many of those involved that the Strategy plan would be simpler than the previous 5-year plan (1998 2002),

Given from the outset Minister contact Support from known industry leaders etc. Actor dialogues, partnershhip consensus seeking Advisory Council for Energy Research Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:09 03 december 2014 Foresight

It is not unusual for these priority-setting exercises to set out to identify only thematic or structural priorities at the outset,

and structural priorities from the outset, given their close interdependence. Yet, this often fails to happen particularly

As a starting point for assessing research domains, representatives from Luxembourg society, business and research were invited to the Stakeholderworkshop with the aim of identifying the main challenges facing Luxembourg over the coming decade.

These intentions were communicated to the MCHER at the outset, which was supportive of the idea of a foresight exercise.

and identifying‘competence niches'The dilemma around the level of‘granularity'of research topics to be prioritised already highligghte in Section 3 was understood well by the FNR and its consultants from the outset.

For a start, despite the small size of Luxembourg, it was apparent that many people in the same thematic areas did not know one another.

the existence of one (or few) dominant actors influenced the process right from the outset (Thorsteinsdottir 2000.

the workshops had unequal starting points and their methodology had to be adapted to the degree of progress made up to that point. 8. Other elements included the review analysis by the OECD on Luxembourg's public research apparatus, the multiannnua development programmes of the public research centres and the University of Luxembourg,

i e. before the start of the actual strategy process. In this phase four scenarios were developed, which served as a backdrop for later elaborating elements of an RTI policy strategy for the city of Vienna.

the main phase of the project‘Wien denkt Zukunft'started in November 2006 with a major kickoff event attended by over 500 participants.

but also by the three public events that were organised at the beginning, at mid-term and at the end of the process in order to gather further input from a broad range of stakeholders.

The process started with a kickoff event(‘opening session')in the City hall with prominent proponents from politics,

fields of action and kickoff projects of the official RTI-strategy. As a consequence, the modes of operation of the panels were quite diverse

Exactly one year after the kickoff event the RTI-strategy of the City of Vienna was presented to an equally large audience of several hundred participants, backed by the mayor, city councillors and key stakeholders.

Figure 2. Main fields of action and associated kickoff projects. focus on gender issues and parts of the population that have been neglected in the past (e g. university graduates with a migration background).(

Six of these projects have been prioritised(‘kickoff projects) 'and are likely to be implemented in the first 2 3 years after the end of the strategy process (see Figure 2). For the year 2008 the initial three projects have been endowed with approximately¤14 million:(

Other kickoff projects as well as further initiatives are planned to be launched from 2009 onwards. In fact, in response to the economic crisis in early 2009, the City of Vienna decided to spend an additional¤60 million on research infrastructures and cutting-edge research as part of a broader economic and employment stimulus package.

Two of the remaining three kickoff projects (promottio of junior groups and top locations for cutting-edge research) will be financed from this additional source of funding.

Next to some other research-related initiatives, further funding will also be made available for the sixth suggested kickoff project,

implicit agendas and objectives had to be made more explicit to provide the basis for the joint definition of future challenges, fields of action and kickoff projects;

They were asked to use their estimated age of about 30 years in 2020 as a starting point for their visionary ideas. 14

They suspected that visions taking their starting point in the young people's present situationwould result in enumerations of their daily needs

Their genuine position as young people in the community was the starting point for politicians, administrative leaders and project organisers, from

As a loose analogy, consider the change from the handmade automobile to the assembly line Model T Ford beginning in 1908.

and define the Foresight exercise as a project with a clear beginning and end. Hence, we exclude from our analyses Embedded foresight

In SRIC-BI's scanning system, each month's set of 100-plus abstracts serves as the starting point for a monthly open-ended discussion

Fixed management can be characterised as centralised approach in which co-ordinators fix the scope and methods of the project at the outset and control the process,

''Fixed The methodology was fixed at the beginning. The Cabinet Office established the Innovation 25 Strategy Council and the Innovation 25 Special Mission,

Fixed The methodology was fixed at the beginning. Extensive There are broad engagement of diversified stakeholders from government, academia and industry.

Fixed The methodology was fixed at the beginning. Extensive Very diversified stakeholders from government academia and industry have participated in NTFC.

Fixed The methodology was fixed at the beginning. Extensive Diversified stakeholders from government, academia and industry are very active in the process of TF2020. a Commissioned by the Nordic council. b Commissioned and conducted by VTT Technical research Centre. c Commissioned

Most trivially theyhave a beginning, middle, and end! Several authors have suggested ways of understanding these phases in a little more depth.

A common starting point in scenario workshops is to examine‘‘drivers and shapers''factors that could be critical to influencing the course of events,

so it is deemed even more important to work toward a more commonly accepted set of definitions for purposes of future work in this area. 2. 1. Trends The starting point for scanning definitions is usually to identify the key trends which are presently evident in the broad sense of being both discernible

‘‘while you can always tell when a foresight program starts, it is more difficult to tell where it ends''.

This research represents a starting point for interaction between urban planners and futurists. If this is achieved, the chances are high that foresight will elicit less technical skepticism in the urban planning realm.

and the less effects are excluded from the beginning. A wide range of unintended effects might come to the fore.

However, as it was pointed out in the beginning of this paper, the approach aims at supporting a more proper handling of uncertainties by enabling a more appropriate application of fta methods.

The starting slate is never clean extremely tiny errors in understanding where the system starts from can send any‘‘forecast''off in totally the wrong direction.

that there is no‘‘new''starting point, and that tiny, often trivial actions can have huge, irreversible, impacts. 5. Non-equilibrium.

The Committee also paid attention in its statement to the fact that the government foresight report chose as its only starting point the success of the Copenhagen Climate Agreement.

This discovery was the beginning of a whole range of microscopes achieving the same precision,

and start to work on solving the problems at R. O. van Merkerk, H. van Lente/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1094 1111 1105 hand.

and urban planning PAGE 320 jforesight jvol. 14 NO. 4 2012 because all the elements are used in an articulated and coherent way, with a foresight exercise as a solid starting point.

This research represents a starting point for interaction between urban planners and futurists. If this achieved

It was introduced, in its very beginning, as an early warning of technological risks and unintended consequences, later also as a tool for an early diagnosis of the chances and potential of technology.

Their starting point is that FTA deals with phenomenological ignorance of three kinds (known unknowns unknown knowns and unknown unknowns) that give rise to an over-reliance on subjective opinion.

Akey starting point for Bergson was the belief that evolution is truly creative, and novelty is not only recombinatiio of already existing forms or unfolding of a predetermined future.

teenagers start to use SMS for communicating with each other. At that point, social practices start to change.

Messaging becomes a key driver for development and profit in the telecom industry, and telecom operators start to write‘messaging'in their strategic plans and marketing material.

Ontological reality expands. After the new domain of reality moves from periphery to the centre,

who from the beginning has full awareness about the rules of the game and the cards in the pack (i e. boundaries of the business identity of the key components of the industry).

focus on processes and activities planning-Change factors as processes and activities interdependence-Decision based on risk/reward-Integration starts;

and proactive collaboration starts to be felt-Selection driver Is distributed quality coordination structure where structured collaboration starts to be felt-Stakeholders'engage

reward/punishment systems-Cooperation starts to be felt-Cooperation between interdependent teams-Informal training of sustain ability and necessary skills and practice-Teamwork,

Strategic development paths and systemic transformation capacities An important starting point when building an anticipatory culture is the realisation that organisatiion act under constant temporal tension.

chronic colitis) or (Dynamic Slow-start) or (dextran sulphate sodium) or (disease or patient*or QSRR)))Seeking papers that include (1) relate to DSSCS

and to describe the starting point in more detail. At this stage it is possible to map out in a first iteration the disputes that may hinder the strategic dialogues By its nature,

and the process to the experts as well as to collect initial input to describe the starting point

Although not explicitly designed into the methodology at the outset the identification of grand challenges was introduced

and perspectives from the outset of an endeavour in order to properly foster nanotechnology by establishing governance structures able to coordinate interactions of relevant actors.

and practice of FTA should consider the governance dimension from the beginning by acknowledging that monitoring

implies the need for an organisational structure that includes a variety of actors and perspectives from the outset.

since the beginning, provided an avenue to debate methodological aspects and this paper summarises and furthers the discussion developed during the 2011 edition,

In particular, from the start of an FTA PROCESS, it is necessary to clarify the definition of terms used and the basic set of assumptions, on which the exercise (in its quantitative and qualitative components) rests.

establishing teams combining experts and practitioners from both communities from the start, and devoting more attention to communication processes.

beginning with Donald Campbell 23 in the T. C. Devezas/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1137 1152 1146 1960s (who coined the term Evolutionary Epistemology to characterize Popper

where policies are designed fromthe outset to test clearly formulated hypotheses about the behavior of an ecosystem being changed by human use 32.

Hence, our Adaptive Robust Design (ARD) approach starts along the lines of the EMAMETHODOLOGYWITH:(1) the conceptualization of the problem,(2) the identification of uncertainties (and certainties),

i e. a policy that will be implemented in any case from the start. 3. 2. 2. Basic policy Shortening the lifetime of Technology 1 could be achieved by increasing its decommissioning,

That is, EMA could be used to support an inclusive modeling process from the start, where different beliefs about how a system functions,

These nonlinear relations are varied by changing the start, end and slope. Start, end, slope Fig. 1. Causal loop diagram of the scarcity model 18.422 J. H. Kwakkel, E. Pruyt/Technological forecasting & Social Change 80 (2013

-1%+4%425 J. H. Kwakkel, E. Pruyt/Technological forecasting & Social Change 80 (2013) 419 431 could serve as a starting point for slightly modifying the outlined dynamic adaptive plan,

Backcasting, inspired by the early work of Lovins 53, starts with defining a desirable future and then works backwards to identify policies

A science or technology roadmap is like a highway roadmap that describes how one might proceed from a starting point to a final destination expressed as a vision.

The Fast Start to Technology Roadmapping, Planning Your Route to Success, Centre for Technology management, Ifm University of Cambridge, 2001.56 T. J. Gordon, S&t roadmapping, in:

Usually, two US visions are seen as the starting point of nanotechnology as an emerging technology. The early individual vision of Eric Drexler, who envisioned a distant future vision of molecular manufacturing in the late 1980s,

and engineering investigations with social science and policy research from the outset 44. This concept also stems from the NNI6

They were established to bridge the gap between science and industry from the very beginning of R&d activities 48.

and practice of FTA should consider the governance dimension from the beginning by acknowledging that monitoring

implies the need for an organizational structure that includes a variety of actors and perspectives from the outset.

The consideration of very diverse perspectives can be seen as an important starting point for the assessment of systemic change.

and fostered the integration of diverse perspectives not only at the beginning but throughout the project.

the ensuing simplification would render ineffective from the start the efforts being made to address it.

Starting with the very first FTA conferences, participants have signalled their concern that an excessive disparity of interests, theoretical starting points,

Taking the proposition that the future only exists as anticipation as a starting point and that efforts to‘‘use the future''can be understood better by considering the different nature

The first meeting was a kickoff meeting, and the following three meetings discussed the Grand challenges that Denmark faces.

Kickoff Conference of the European foresight Platform EFP, 14/15 June, Vienna, 2010, Available: http://www. foresight-platform. eu/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Key-messages-EFP-Conference-FINAL3-100623. pdf (accessed 20.12.11)( Online.

local policy-makers mentioned that managerial commitment from the start of a future exploration trajectory is a crucial success factor

when it comes to applying the results of an analysis. Expectations need to be managed at the beginning and throughout the foresight study,

Along the same line, the ways in which workable agreements will be achieved should be prepared from the outset building upon shared understanding as well as collective and creative knowledge.

and behavioural aspects should be done in a way that is clear and coherent from the beginning of an endeavour

can provide a relevant starting point. 2. 4. A‘glocal'impact orientation Many researchers specialised in international management 20,21 have argued for‘glocalization'as the transformation of global and local interests into a new

and expectations To kickoff the project-design together with consortia partners most of the initial debate centred on methodological aspects.

These start from the implementation of the identified research topics and supporting actions between 2011 and 2013

From the outset the initial design was geared towards taking into account the specificity of context and intentions when identifying guiding questions (i e. intended impacts and objectives), determining participants (i e. type and level of stakeholders'participation),

and has proved useful to kickoff discussions with diverse stakeholders with different or no understanding of foresight.

and the communication procedures had been clarified to all from the outset, managing interactions, especially between partners, required more attention.

JRCIPPT proposed a different approach than the one decided at the kickoff meeting: each selected snapshot would be developed by different teams with support from JRC-IPTS.

During the kickoff meeting the JRC-IPTS framework (Fig. 1) was used to present different alternatives to achieve the intended impacts,

The starting point for this study was the observation that this very popular medium has been the subject of rapid technological evolution over the last few years.

therefore serve as a starting point for empirically grounded personas 27.3.2.1.3. Phase 3. In the third and last research phase,

In both studies, information and intelligence concerning real experiences, practices and visions from a user perspective served as starting points.

, becoming the leader in ICT innovation) as stated by the network partners emerges as the starting point for the network.

Image of the future vision The starting point of the EIT ICT Labs was the vision of an integrated institute.

a new start for the Lisbon strategy, in: Communication from Commission President Barroso (COM 2005), 2005.52 EIT ICT Labs, European Institute of Innovation and Technology:

where the starting point is a client (for example, a government departmeent reflecting on its strategic direction or policy.

For the OECD DASTI horizon scan it was clear from the beginning that the results of the scan would be used as an important input for the process of priorittisin new research themes for the Danish fouryeea cycle of the research funding councils

) Moreover, rather than specifying all stages of the methodology in full detaai at the outset, a stepwise approach was allowed followwed It new insights on the nature of potentially disruptive changes,

and heterogeeneou it was necessary from the outset to focus on a sub-set of activities most likely to be impacted by ICT innovation

which they themselves may not be willing to accept at the outset. In other words, one has to find the balance between the‘feasibility'and‘surprise'dimensions,

we can conclude that it is unrealistti to have fixed a framework from the outset when dealing with a sector in flux and where uncertainties are so high that even experts have trouble imagining impacts (as the strong discrepancies in trend impact assessments show).

there were many consistent comments in the interviews that provides the beginnings of a model on

This is just the beginning of what we hope will be a stream of other research that helps identify factors leading to foresight success. Finally,

It is only a beginning and there is a need for further action by individual economies

There is some measurement error in this calculation due to the time incongruence between subsidies granted before the beginning of 2000

This starts with the correct identification of factors associated with the subject under analysis, including its nature and scope, time horizon, intended applications of the results by clients etc.

Participatory management structures are recommended highly to allow for‘on the fly'decisions to be made once the exercise starts.

Government representatives frequently start making decisions before interpreting the material which was obtained in the first phase of the exercise (informatiio and data gathering),

< Back - Next >

Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011