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Synopsis: Scientific literature: Document:

For Germany, he was even able to show in time series models that the dynamics in patent applications is reflected in the output of standardisation documents 21.

At the level of Frontiers the tool has been taken up in official documents as MPM-1 was included in the first round strategic planning document known as the Frontiers Roadmap for 2006/2007.

while other documents only discuss a single vision, i e. do not consider alternative futures; a striking example of that approach is the recent EU Green Paper on the European research area 3. Georghiou

in July 2005 the European commission published a draft document on Cohesion Policy in Support of Growth and Jobs:

http://forera. jrc. es/documents/papers/anchor/Higheredanchorpaper. pdf. 10 G. Dosi, C. Freeman, R. R. Nelson, G. Silverberg, L

http://forera. jrc. es/documents/papers/Futures%20of%20universities paper. pdf. 22 Richard R. Nelson, The market economy,

scripting languages (Activex, Java Applets and Visual basic Script), document models (DOM and XHTML), alternative implementations of Ajax (using JSON and IFRAME),

and the use and conversion of XML documents with standard web pages (HTML). These technology linkages are associated with a 70%likelihood.

Judgment heuristics is a field that documents some of these irrationalities. One or two examples from Ref. 5 will suffice to make the point:

Notwithstanding the fact that many strategic policy documents extend their validity beyond legislative cycles (take the case of national sustainable development strategies for example) a short-term,

in order to find their way into the final panel and strategy documents. In other words implicit agendas and objectives had to be made more explicit to provide the basis for the joint definition of future challenges, fields of action and kickoff projects;

A key role in this negotiation process was played obviously by the panel chairs (in accepting suggested initiatives on new draft panel documents) and by the vice-mayor's office (in accepting proposals on draft versions of the final

strategy document. The inter-panel meetings were crucial in this respect, because on the one hand participants felt obliged to achieve a consensus on initiatives to be suggested for the RTI-strategy,

Reference is made regularly to the strategy to lend legitimacy to new initiatives and document their compatibility.

it has acquired an official status. The official and political character of the document also has its downsides,

for instance by the reference made to the strategy documents in new initiatives. However, it is too early to say

such as the need to avoid politically contentious proposals in the strategy document. In the end, the strategy document becomes official policy.

and retrieve electronic documents. This counters the current arrangements in many organizations. Often, an information services unit handles all data requests.

S) he eventually provided the requester with a very few documents to read. Such an arrangement fails at QTIP.

Note that this is way too many documents to sensibly read and digest! So we turn to software tools to help bprofile the R&d domainq 5,

The resulting proposals were collated into a compilation document which was made available to the panellists. Using the 1-to-7 Likert scale

In each panel, this prior consultation process resulted in a collated document that contained some 30 50 driving forces as well as numerical assessments and written comments on them.

This compilation document was circulated to the panellists about three days before the workshop. Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:11 03 december 2014 Axes of balance in foresight 993 In the first panel meetings

In most panels, the discussions were captured by building Mindmap charts that provided, together with the compilation document,

the compilation documents were useful to the panel chairmen, because they could start the development of the panel reports from an extensive set of documentation,

The documents also mitigated the risk that two chairmen would have exercised an unduly strong influence on the report contents.

considering that references to Finnsight reports have been made in documents published in Japan, South korea and Canada and by the European commission. 8 One of the objectives of Finnsight was that it should encourage other actors of the R&i system to initiate foresight activities.

For example, the compilation of documents from the internet-based questionnaires showed the full distributions of the panellists'assessment ratings

While this did lead to some divergence between panels (for instance in the use of compilation documents from the internet-based questionnaires),

It also alleviated the burden of the panel chairmen who could make use of compilation documents effectively

flows between journals Flow of citations between clusters compared with flow of citations within cluster Documents network Number of docs Citations flows between docs clusters Flow of citations between clusters compared with flow

Substantial effort is put into the preparation of technology landscaping or foresight documents as an input to the strategy process 17.

Instrumental The document is a source for the development of the UK Defence policy. Consensual This process aims to provide new evidence

It is one of the source documents for the development of the UK Defence policy. The outcomes of DCDC Strategic Trends are target to defence decision-makers

Capturing people's knowledge by rendering it as documents or structured processes Informationinternalisation: Knowledge acquisition learning how to use models, formulae, equipment, methods etc.

it cannot simply be transferred like a document or technological artefact. People can gain knowledge from the act of interpreting, reading, reverse engineering texts and other artefacts;

http://forera. jrc. ec. europa. eu/documents/papers/paper%20dark%20scenarios%20fta%20conf%20sept. pdf (accessed 29/07/09). 44 H. S d

The latter is the principle of Agenda 21 (the document consensually approved at the UN Conference on Environment

<http://www. un. org/esa/sustdev/documents/agenda21/english/agenda21toc. htm>.24 D. Doane, The myth of CSR:

or in the public consultations that are conducted by the European commission to get reactions on strategic documents.

www. lawofthefuture. org/ul/cms/fck-uploaded/documents/LOTFLSTO2030COMPLETE041011DEF1. pdf Hughes, B b.,Moyer, J. D. and Rothman,

Fourth international Seville conference on future-oriented technology analysis, May 12 13, Seville. http://foresight. jrc. ec. europa. eu/fta 2011/documents/download/PRESENTATIONS/Keynotes/FTA%202011

Fourth international Seville conference on futureorieente technology analysis, May 12 13, Seville. http://foresight. jrc. ec. europa. eu/fta 2011/documents/download/PRESENTATIONS/Keynotes/JO

and descriptive text for each record to generate a document document similarity matrix.!A graph layout program, Vxord 4, was used to calculate the document graph.!

The resulting graph or map was explored using Vxinsight 5, a visualization tool that enables interactive navigation and query of an abstract information space.

Technology and organization terms were linked together on a document basis and visualized in a network or link analysis map.

Traditional LSA uses the singular value decomposition (SVD) technique to deconstruct a term document matrix {X} into the product of three other matrices

To calculate the document document similarity matrix, matrices {W} and {S} are multiplied. The resulting vectors are normalized then to unit length,

These inner products are the document document similarity values. Our LSA methodology differs slightly from that above in that we use semidiscrete decomposition 6, 7 rather than SVD to do the term matrix deconstruction.

K. W. Boyack, N. Rahal/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1122 1136 1125 document matrix.

and words that were tied closely to only one type of document (e g.,project, proposal, report, etc.).

The ordination places similar documents close to each other on the graph. 3. 4. Visualization using Vxinsight After calculating coordinates,

such as a large document set. It uses a landscape metaphor and portrays the structure of the space as peaks and ridges of documents.

The size of a peak and its relative position in the layout provide valuable clues to the role of that group of documents in the overall structure.

Labels on dominant peaks are based on the two most common words in the titles (or other fields) that comprise that peak,

Relationships among the individual data records may be displayed as arrows between documents and understood at many levels of detail.

The calculated positions of the documents have been dithered slightly for this view to allow more data points to be viewed.

The CIS-related documents are shown by two different symbols: those directly funded by CIS (filled squares),

4104 documents (including 3134 articles) appearing in the Science Citation Index (SCI) of WOS (fundamental research emphasis;

2 3730 documents from EI Compendex (journal and conference articles; 3097 patent families from DWPI;

and 2771 documents from Factiva (treating a range of press releases, trade publication items, etc. 4. Results We emphasise the relatively novel steps in our 10-step FIP process (Figure 1) for the DSSC case:

Scores are assigned to all the keywords by the term frequency-inverted document frequency (TF-IDF) method shown below that is generally used in text mining;

B Direct impact (high) This means that the project results were used directly for decision-making at government level for the development of national strategic documents.

different documents (like project materials, reports and documents on their basis) were analysed and interviews were conducted with heads of project teams. 3. Russian FS approaches 3. 1 National S&t Foresight:

2025 (FS1) The aim of this foresight study was the identification of the most important and well-developed S&tareas in Russia in the long-term perspective.

Also, suggestions on amendments to strategic documents of RF Ministries were proposed. As an example, below are presented priorities for innovation-based development of the‘‘industrial waste and cumulative ecological damage''sphere:

Also, suggestions for amendments to strategic documents of RF Ministries were proposed Update of the list of innovation priorities PAGE 50 jforesight jvol. 15 NO. 1 2013 create an adequate management system for the sector.

In the framework of this study proposals to amend the relevant RF Ministry of Natural resources strategic documents (for example, Ecological Doctrine of the Russian Federation, Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Land Code of the Russian Federation

because we could not assess to what extent the project materials were in the development of these documents Indirect FS2 The project-based recommendations for Russian S&t policy were used to adjust decision-making to future trends,

proposals to amend relevant strategic documents of the RF Ministry of Natural resources (e g. Ecological Doctrine of the Russian Federation, Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Land Code of the Russian Federation, federal law‘‘About Environmental Protection,

and some strategic documents (Geologic Strategy, Water Strategy) were prepared on the basis of the output of the study.

Patent documents have long been regarded as a useful source for technology management because they include technical and application/commercial information.

Also, patent documents are used widely as a source for technology forecasting, CTI and for analysis of technology convergence (Kayal, 1999;

Based on the IPC code given to each patent document, statistics regarding the code or advanced analysis can be done easily to compare development or the trajectory among different technology domains.

The main difference between patent documents and Delphi topics lies in the fact that a patent describes in longer text an invention that has been proved of concept and for

based on patent documents, Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang. 80 (3)( 2013) 398 407 (this issue. 8 H. Ritteland, M. Weber, Dilemmas in a general theory of planning, Policy Sci. 4 (1973) 155 169.9 C. Cagnin, E. Amanatidou, M

, documents, numerical data, free text, videos. 6 The Risk assessment and Horizon scanning Initiative (Singapore) developed a Service Oriented Based Horizon scanning Architecture (SOSA) allowing sharing perspectives on data sets

http://foresight. jrc. ec. europa. eu/fta 2011/documents/download/PRESENTATIONS/Keynotes/FTA%202011%20%205-9%20%20hl%20%20

Technology life cycle analysis method based on patent documents Lidan Gao a b,, Alan L. Porter c, Jing Wang d, Shu Fang a, Xian Zhang a, Tingting Ma e, Wenping Wang e, Lu Huang e

which DII obtained the patent documents. Currently, most of TLC related literatures are based on application year 15,17 20.

The number of these two kinds of references can be found on the front page of the patent documents.

This study is based on patent documents; it adopts 13 indicators that can be quantified to measure the TLC stages of an object technology.

, Study on indicator system for core patent documents evaluation, in: Proceedings of ISSI 2009-The 12th International Conference of the International Society for Scientometrics and Informetrics, Rio de janeiro, Brazil, 2009, pp. 154 164.17 C. Zhang, D. H

However, the next strategic document, the Action Plan Nanotechnology 2015 refers to only some initiatives of other ministries and agencies (mainly with regard to regulation,

Indeed, a retrospective examination of a range of documents and recollections from all of the conferences underscores a consistent

We used an independent evaluation that was conducted in 2010 by the University of Twente 21, based on interviews with 21 politicians and civil servants and a document analysis. Furthermore,

At the local level, a document analysis was combined with interviews with policymakers. The document analysis focused on documents regarding the scenarios and related strategic policy documents.

The insights from this analysis were juxtaposed with the insights from the interviews. Because we were aware of the potential bias of in depth interviews (for example

we especially on the consistencies between the document analyses and the in depth interviews. In the interviews, we used open questions, to gain a broader understanding of the issues mentioned in the research questions.

In the strategic policy documents, we discovered that this connection between scenarios and strategies is also (in part) lacking.

and updating files and documents, email, virtual room for videoconference and joint work, among others.

Fig. 3. IMS2020 scenarios. 7 Microsoft Sharepoint Workspace is a desktop application designed for document collaboration in teams with members who are regularly off-line

and work on common documents. Creativity was fostered in both open or collective and close or expertdriive stages of the project.

data collection instruments included access to key documents, such as reports, internal documents, presentations and meeting minutes and observations through active participation within the organizations and, to some extent, in the build up Phase in the WINN

in addition to analyzing key documents. For analyzing the future orientation and openness of the three networks we applied the Cyclic Innovation Model as an analytical framework.

which is acknowledged in the research 2015 document (Daniis Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, 2008) that sets the stage for research prioritisation in Denmark for the coming four years in a clear relationnshi to the challenges facing

Available from<http://www. personal. mbs. ac. uk/dloveridge/documents/steepv wp29. PDF>,last accessed 1 june 2009.

we completed our understanndin with an assessment of the European positiio both in qualitative and quantitative terms, based on the analysis of company documents, business and policy reports.

Working Document EUR 21471. Brussels: European commission. Mateos-García, J, A Geuna, A w E Steinmueller et al. 2008.

and consisting of foresight project briefs and other documents). Our second study looked at the following countries:

Research on Mobile Applications and Services (interrna document. Lievrouw, L 2006. New media design and development:

Scientific and Technical Documents Publishing house. China Statistical Yearbook on Science and Technology. 2009), p. 292.

such as government documents and the historical records of the institutions embedded in the innovation systems, we will discover how the technological innovattio system for biotechnology gradually emerged with the Taiwanese national innovation system,

Addressing grand challenges is at the core of EU policies for research and innovation as illustrated by the latest EU strategic policy documents.

2010)‘ Commission Staff Working Document A rationale for action, accompanying the Europe 2020 Flagship Initiative Innovation Union',COM (2010) 546, pp. 9 and 89,

The second step was the updating of the roadmap document. The third step was an extensive round of commenting on the document.

The roadmap was finalized then. 5. 2 Outline of the transformation and technology roadmaps This example of environmentally sustainable ICT demonstrrate an innovation policy roadmap that is constructed of a systemic transformation roadmap and a technology roadmap

2008)‘ Summary of the Impact assessment',Commission Staff Working Document. Accompanying document to the Towards Joint Programming.

In Research: Working together to tackle common challenges more effectively, 15/07/2008, SEC (2008) 2282.

while the issue-centred approach concentrates on identifying core documents (primary signals) that describe substantial Concepts and methods in horizon scanning. 209 parts of potential issues.

not only to search for signals in officially published documents and reports but also to exploit relevant discussions in blogs and micro-blogs (as Twitter),

Selection of which documents to include is crucial especially in‘bottom-up'analysis. Focused expert review is predefined based on reference frame Predefined criteria reflected in survey questions,

Further search for related documents dealing with ELSI dimensions In text-mining, the analyst can look deeper

In literature review based on documents selected for review based on experts'knowledge. In conferences through discussions with peers Existing strategies and relevant stakeholders Medium Medium High As reported/criticised in raw resources.

and related ongoing policy initiatives and discourses Text-mining can show policy-related terms appearing in a document

in previous published thematic foresight report as well as in recently published policy documents Text-mining can show the policy related terms.

Commission Staff Working Document A Rationale for Action, Accompanying the Europe 2020 Flagship Initiative Innovation Union COM (2010) pages 9 and 89,

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