but scientifically simplistic perception that biofuels such as ethanol are inherently carbon neutral meaning that the heat-trapping carbon dioxide gas emitted
But Decicco pointed out that a recent National Academy of Sciences report concluded that the Renewable Fuel Standard may not reduce greenhouse gas emissions at all once global impacts are counted.
Imagine a bubble of gas underwater--the surface between the gas bubble and the water corresponds to the heliopause.
The heliopause separates regions of different gases. In the case of the Voyager 1 crossing the heliopause separates material created by the sun from material that surrounds the stars throughout the galaxy.
At the heliopause the influence of the solar wind is no longer great enough to push back the gas
Acid rain forms when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides--gases produced from the burning of fossil fuels--react with water molecules in the air.
and cotton grass can strongly influence climate warming effects on greenhouse gas emissions researchers from Lancaster University The University of Manchester
when heather was present warming increased the amount of CO2 taken up from the atmosphere making the ecosystem a greater sink for this greenhouse gas.
or climate change itself also had such a strong impact on greenhouse gas emissions and even changed the way that warming affected them.
By taking gas samples every month of the year we were able to show that the types of plants growing in these ecosystems can modify the effects of increase in temperature.
Kenya's leadership in adaptation planning is particularly important he added given that international negotiations to mitigate the effect of climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions are basically at a stand still.
Only a few production paths contribute to greenhouse gas emissionsanother surprising observation was that out of tens of thousands of different production paths only a handful had very significant environmental impacts.
For example with respect to greenhouse gas emissions only 0. 3 per cent of the variables examined were relevant.
As this result surprised the researchers the method was tested by trying to predict Finland's greenhouse gas emissions in 2005 from year 2002 data only updating the 60 most important components of the 23000 model parameters.
which equates to roughly 185 tons of carbon dioxide or the exhaust of some 21285 gallons of gasoline.
grass used for livestock feed has enormous potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Referred to as biological nitrification inhibition
but it also contributes about half of agriculture's greenhouse gas emissions Peters explained. BNI is a rare triple-win technology that's good for rural livelihoods as well as the global environment and climate.
Those coatings sealed off the fruit preventing the exchange of gases with the air essential for sustaining good quality.
Today's edible films however allow that exchange of gases and have other features that maintain freshness flavor aroma texture and nutritional value.
#Calculating the carbon footprint of Californias productsnow that California's greenhouse gas cap -and-trade policy is law attention is shifting to recognizing industry efficiency.
Leveraging technical expertise within industry and academia we aim to create a transparent fair way of benchmarking that provides incentives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
and plays an important role for the water and carbon balance including greenhouse gases. Even though it was clear that major problems were occurring in Mongolia in the past 20 years researchers were uncertain
and Sweetcrisp) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These five cultivars are significant in Florida and have been rated subjectively as having varied flavor characteristics noted lead author James Olmstead.
#Increased greenhouse gases and aerosols have similar effects on rainfallalthough greenhouse gases and aerosols have very distinct properties their effects on spatial patterns of rainfall change are surprisingly similar according to new research from the University of Hawaii at Manoa's International Pacific Research center (IPRC) and Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
Humanmade climate change comes mostly from the radiative forcing of greenhouse gases and air pollutants or aerosols.
While greenhouse gases are mixed well in the atmosphere and tend to be distributed evenly around the globe aerosols vary greatly in local concentration
Even though aerosols and greenhouse gases are concentrated in vastly different regions of Earth all three models revealed similar regional effects on rainfall over the ocean.
The climate changes induced by greenhouse gases and by aerosols share a common set of ocean-atmospheric feedback structures explaining the spatial resemblance between the two types of response.
while reducing pollution and greenhouse gases will require more than luck. Odds are it will take a daring out of the box idea like this one.
#Beetles modify emissions of greenhouse gases from cow patscattle contribute to global warming by burping
and farting large amounts of greenhouse gases. Some of the same gases are emitted also from cow pats on pastures.
But now researchers from the University of Helsinki have found that beetles living in cow pats may reduce emissions of the key greenhouse gas--methane.
Agriculture is one of the biggest sources of the anthropogenic greenhouse gases responsible for global warming.
Among these cattle farming for meat and milk are major sources of methane a gas with a potent warming effect.
Much of this methane comes from the guts of ruminating cattle but some escapes from dung pats on pastures.
But if in the process the same carbon is converted from carbon dioxide to methane--a gas with a much higher impact on climate--it is then that we need to worry.
and private industry that supports research on technologies that significantly reduce emissions of greenhouse gases while meeting the world's energy needs.
or high temperatures and in many kinds of samples including crystals powders gels liquids and gases.
and respiration take up the gas in spring and summer and release it in fall and winter.
and Geospace Sciences We can easily measure the greenhouse gas budget from a single smokestack but somewhat less well for a stand of trees.
whether we can explain and model greenhouse gas distribution. In the study the scientists compared the recent aircraft data with aircraft data gathered from 1958 to 1961 using U s. Air force weather reconnaissance flights.
If we want to stabilize the climate system we need to focus on greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide nitrous oxide and methane.
The model also incorporates greenhouse gases and pollutants that can result from those activities. Earlier studies of short-lived climate pollutants did not use an integrated dynamic model such as GCAM.
While focusing on reducing all greenhouse gas emissions including methane the comprehensive climate policy scenario also reduced the amount of soot in the atmosphere.
however the focus needs to be on carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. The Environmental protection agency funded this research.
Dr Vanessa Adams says that late dry season wildfires in Australia's tropical north generate about 3%of the country's annual greenhouse gas emissions so strategic burning could be an important abatement activity.
which are greenhouse gases from warming the atmosphere and also disrupting atmospheric circulation. had taken these effects hold they would have combined to shift rainfall patterns in ways beyond those that may already be happening due to rising carbon dioxide in the air.
and industrial greenhouse gases--have pushed together the jet stream in the southern hemisphere south over recent decades.
The projected stopping of the poleward jet migration is a result of the ozone hole closing canceling the effect of increasing greenhouse gases.
As a greenhouse gas CFCS can be thousands of times more potent than carbon dioxide. Dutch scientist Guus Velders estimated in a 2007 study that had the chemicals not been phased out by 2010 they would have generated the warming equivalent of more than 220 billion tons of carbon dioxide.
While HFCS are ozone-safe they too are powerful greenhouse gases that have become a concern as world leaders grapple with climate change.
The Kyoto Protocol was drafted to regulate global greenhouse gas emissions but its expiration at the end of 2012 has led some countries to seek climate protections from the Montreal Protocol.
It's a lesson surely for our current efforts to limit greenhouse gas emissions. Story Source:
if greenhouse gases continue to rise at current accelerating rates. The researchers base their projections on what is known about the greenhouse world of 50 million years ago
when levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere were much higher than those that have been present during human history.
and other gases known to create a greenhouse effect that traps heat in the atmosphere. For several days in May 2013 CO2 levels exceeded 400 parts per million for the first time in human history
For example the researchers note that with continued emissions of greenhouse gases at the high end of the scenarios annual temperatures over North america Europe
By the end of the century should the current emissions of greenhouse gases remain unchecked temperatures over the northern hemisphere will tip 5-6 degrees C warmer than today's averages.
because humans have emitted already greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and the atmosphere and oceans have already been heated.
If every new power plant or factory in the world produced zero emissions we'd still see impact from the existing infrastructure and from gases already released.
and preceding cooling trends to ocean circulation changes induced by global greenhouse gas emissions and aerosols predominantly generated in the Northern hemisphere from human activity.
whether this rapid warming was partly a response to greenhouse gases overcoming the cooling effect of aerosols that peaked globally in the 1980s due to the introduction of clean air legislation across United states and Europe.
To test this the researchers examined more than 40 state-of-the-art climate simulations that included historical changes to greenhouse gases and aerosols over the twentieth century.
Together with a greenhouse gas-induced southward shift the Indian subtropical ocean gyres towards the Antarctic these processes delay the Indian ocean warming in the models Dr Cai said.
For many years aerosols have masked the direct surface warming induced by greenhouse gases in many Northern hemisphere regions
however in the Southern subtropical Indian ocean both aerosols and greenhouse gases have conspired historically to produce a net oceanic cooling
or increasing greenhouse gases remains difficult but as human-generated air pollution is phased all together out this will undoubtedly reveal the full impact of greenhouse gases.
The research has been supported by the CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship The Australian Climate Change Science Program and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Climate System Science.
The release of this carbon from fires adds to the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere potentially leading to additional climate warming he said.
And the Internet overall is reducing greenhouse gas emissions because it distributes goods digitally that once were delivered physically like books music publications and mail.
After IT equipment the second major way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with data centers is to improve the efficiency of the buildings that support them.
Of the potential 88 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions though IT device efficiency accounts for about 80 percent and facility energy management for only about 8 percent.
Agriculture and land use change contributed about 1/3 of total human greenhouse gas emissions in the past decade through crop cultivation animal production and deforestation.
which can lead to large emissions of nitrogen-containing gases that also contribute to global warming.
The study found that increasing livestock yields was more effective at reducing greenhouse gas emissions than increasing yields from crops that people eat.
and 25%for livestock would lead to a 12%savings in greenhouse gas emission per calorie produced.
and livestock greenhouse gas emissions and the trade-offs and co-benefits of different pathways of crop yield improvement.
and associated environmental impacts including greenhouse gas emissions responsible for climate change and reduced recreation for people.
Recasting the CAP as a Payment for Ecosystem Services mechanism would reward farmers for delivering a bundle of key of ecosystem services including climate change mitigation by the reduction of emission of greenhouse gases water regulation recreation and biodiversity conservation.
With the evidence at hand it is imperative that there is a U-turn in land use policies that allow to maximize the economic benefits of landscapes by reducing greenhouse gas emissions reducing water pollution enhanced recreation and urban greenspace and improvements
and gas development affect prairie chickens Sandercock said. With wind power development the researchers had unexpected the result of female survival rates increasing after wind turbines were installed potentially
and causes increases in algal blooms greenhouse gases and insects like mosquitoes that carry disease.
because converting uncultivated land would lead to major emissions of greenhouse gases and cause significant losses of biodiversity.
To do this greenhouse gases are to be stabilised at a level that is acceptable for humans and for the environment.
Realistic development pathsthe main culprit in relation to these environmental changes is the emission of the greenhouse gas CO2
The basis for the calculations is provided by a wide range of greenhouse gas scenarios that are based on realistic economic trajectories.
According to a new article in Animal Frontiers biotechnologies increase food production and reduce harmful gas output from cattle.
Researchers measured gas output by placing finishing steers in a special corral that traps emissions.
When cows produce more milk greenhouse gas emissions decrease because farms need fewer cows. Dr. Kim Stackhouse National Cattleman's Beef Association Director of Sustainability said animal agriculture has reduced emissions through the use of technologies.
Animal waste is collected in lagoons where the gas is captured. The gas is transported through an internal combustion area that produces energy for heat and electricity.
I expect there to be more improvement as we continue be more efficient continue to do more with less
His research shows that biotechnology can produce more food and lower gas emissions. We need to inform them that these are valuable tools for those two reasons
How the Study Was Performedneutrons from the nuclear tests bombarded nitrogen--the atmosphere's most common gas--to turn some of it into carbon-14.
or attributable to human-made greenhouse gases. Reconstructions of ENSO behavior are usually missing adequate records for the tropics where ENSO develops.
Like greenhouse gases volcanic aerosols perturb the Earth's radiation balance. This supports the idea that the unusually high ENSO activity in the late 20th century is a footprint of global warming explains lead author Jinbao Li.
and Roger Revelle Professor at Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California at San diego. This suggests that many models underestimate the sensitivity to radiative perturbations in greenhouse gases.
21 percent of homes account for 50 percent of greenhouse gas emissionsenergy conservation in a small number of households could go a long way to reducing greenhouse gas emissions scientists are reporting.
and to satisfy their mobility needs accounts for more than 70 percent of emissions of carbon dioxide the main greenhouse gas involved in global climate change.
and land-based mobility at the household level impacts greenhouse gas emissions. Their study of more than 3000 households in a Swiss town found that only 21 percent of the households accounted for almost 50 percent of greenhouse gas emissions.
The biggest factors contributing to a few families having a disproportionately large environmental footprint were large living spaces
At the same time he acknowledges that wetlands emit the powerful greenhouse gas (GHG) methane leading some to argue that wetlands shouldn't be created as a means to sequester carbon
The team is measuring emissions of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane from thawing permafrost--signals that may hold a key to Earth's climate future.
Onboard the plane sophisticated instruments sniff the atmosphere for greenhouse gases. They include a very sensitive spectrometer that analyzes sunlight reflected from Earth's surface to measure atmospheric carbon dioxide methane and carbon monoxide.
Molecule per molecule methane is 22 times more potent as a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide on a 100-year timescale and 105 times more potent on a 20-year timescale.
CARVE's simultaneous measurements of greenhouse gases will help quantify how much carbon is released to the atmosphere from fires in Alaska--a crucial and uncertain element of its carbon budget.
In the online journal elife a large international group of scientists led by investigators at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies have traced the thousands of genes in a plant that are activated once ethylene a gas that acts as a plant
I have been trying for several decades to understand how a simple gas--two carbons and four hydrogens--can cause such profound changes in a plant Ecker says.
EIN3 and a related protein EIL1 are required for the response to ethylene gas; without these proteins ethylene has no effect on the plant.
and climate models we can understand how increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere along with temperature increases and precipitation changes will affect wheat yield globally.
Cutting greenhouse gas emissions is one powerful incentive for finding a better way to provide the concrete the world needs;
Unrealistic expectations regarding bioenergy can result in failing to achieve the target of reducing greenhouse gases.
After sample extraction ancient organic compounds were identified by a combination of state-of-the-art chemical techniques including infrared spectrometry gas chromatography-mass spectrometry solid phase microextraction ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography
and Kansas. They also used estimates of carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas and other elements from a number of models including the government's well-tested Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model.
The dairy industry has set a goal of 25 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2020.
and wastethe researchers found that for every kilogram of milk consumed in the United states per year 2. 05 kilograms of greenhouse gases on average are emitted over the entire supply chain to produce process
The greenhouse gases were measured as carbon dioxide equivalents and included methane refrigerants and other gases that trap radiation.
The largest contributors were feed production enteric methane--gas emitted by the animal itself --and manure management.
#Despite safety and other concerns, nuclear power saves lives, greenhouse gas emissions, experts sayglobal use of nuclear power has prevented about 1. 84 million air pollution-related deaths
and release of 64 billion tons of greenhouse gases that would have resulted from burning coal and other fossil fuels a new study concludes.
and prevent emission of 80-240 billion tons of the greenhouse gases linked to global warming the study found.
If the role of nuclear power declines significantly in the next 20-30 years Kharecha added the International Energy Agency predicts that achieving the major reductions in greenhouse gas emissions that are required to mitigate climate change would require heroic achievements in the use
#Despite safety and other concerns, nuclear power saves lives, greenhouse gas emissions, experts sayglobal use of nuclear power has prevented about 1. 84 million air pollution-related deaths
and release of 64 billion tons of greenhouse gases that would have resulted from burning coal and other fossil fuels a new study concludes.
and prevent emission of 80-240 billion tons of the greenhouse gases linked to global warming the study found.
If the role of nuclear power declines significantly in the next 20-30 years Kharecha added the International Energy Agency predicts that achieving the major reductions in greenhouse gas emissions that are required to mitigate climate change would require heroic achievements in the use
and manufacturing of one pair of running shoes to identify hotspots of greenhouse-gas emissions. The group found that much of the carbon impact came from powering manufacturing plants:
In response companies have started to take account of their products'greenhouse-gas contributions in part by measuring the amount of carbon dioxide associated with every process throughout a product's lifecycle.
Wildfires impact atmospheric conditions through emissions of gases particles water and heat. Some of the article focuses on radiative forcing from fire emissions.
A lot of the changes in greenhouse gases and in a shrinking ice volume then are similar to
Today we're seeing change in greenhouse gas concentrations of CO2 on the order of centuries and decades.
The remainder can lead to production of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide or to eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems through water run off.
By splitting liquid water (H2o) into hydrogen and oxygen the hydrogen can be regenerated as a gas (H2)
and heated the samples in the presence of inert argon gas. A subsequent high temperature treatment (carburization) induced a reaction between molybdenum
and UC Berkeley and have discovered new materials to capture methane the second highest concentration greenhouse gas emitted into the atmosphere.
and gas extraction and the potential for large-scale release of methane from the Arctic as ice cover continues to melt
Unlike carbon dioxide the largest emitted greenhouse gas which can be captured both physically and chemically in a variety of solvents and porous solids methane is completely nonpolar
Methane is far more potent as a greenhouse gas than CO2. Researchers have found that the release of as little as 1 percent of methane from the Arctic alone could have a warming effect approaching that being produced by all of the CO2 that has been pumped into the atmosphere by human activity since the start of the Industrial revolution.
Zeolites are unique structures that can be used for many different types of gas separations and storage applications because of their diverse topology from various networks of the framework atoms.
Nitric oxide is a gas that widens blood vessels and aids blood flow. We were surprised by how little nitrate was needed to see such a large effect Ahluwalia said.
#Limiting greenhouse gas emissions from land use in Europenot only do humans emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere
but they also do things that help remove these gases from the atmosphere--for example planting more forests
or other land management techniques can lead to greater uptake of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere.
and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Urban Ecosystems at the Association of American Geographers annual meeting to be held April 9-13 in Los angeles. The interdisciplinary forum is attended by more than 7000 scientists from around the world and features an array
either be a small sink--meaning they store carbon--or a small source of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.
and analyzed the emission of powerful greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide and methane. The University of Cincinnati proved to be an ideal location for Townsend-Small's project thanks to the proximity of the managed green spaces on campus and the natural environment of nearby city parks.
and land use change and our energy choices (such as biofuels oil sands and shale gas). In this talk we discuss the drivers affecting water sustainability
Scientists know that food waste in landfills for instance releases methane gas as it decomposes. Methane is about 20 times more potent than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas that fosters global warming.
While producing nanocellulose the algae will absorb carbon dioxide the main greenhouse gas linked to global warming.
These ecosystems are potential major sources of atmospheric methane an important greenhouse gas. UAVSAR will help us better understand processes involved with the exchange of methane between Earth's land and atmosphere and with the contribution of these unique ecosystems to Earth's climate.
There the UV light interacted with the neutral hydrogen gas it met blasting electrons off the hydrogen atoms and leaving behind a plasma of negatively charged electrons and positively charged hydrogen ions.
and in this case they helped the astronomers understand the relationship between the stars and gas in these galaxies.
We're looking at the gas like the tablecloth and seeing how much light it has absorbed.
and create greenhouse gases. The U s. Department of energy says that hydrogen fuel has the potential to dramatically reduce reliance of fossil fuels
Unlike gas-powered engines that spew out pollutants the only byproduct of hydrogen fuel is water.
Obstacles to commercial production of hydrogen gas from biomass previously included the high cost of the processes used and the relatively low quantity of the end product.
The commercial market for hydrogen gas is now around $100 billion for hydrogen produced from natural gas
and generates a large amount of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Industry most often uses hydrogen to manufacture ammonia for fertilizers
This is just the first step in our effort to better engineer a process for capturing CO2 from flue gas at power plants said George Hirasaki the lead researcher of Rice's CO2-capture research team The researchers hope to reduce the costs of CO2 capture by creating an integrated
Hirasaki's team was one of 16 chosen by the Department of energy (DOE) in 2011 to develop innovative techniques for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from power plants.
The team's first findings appear in two new studies that are available online this month in the International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control.
In the first phase of the process gas is piped upward through a vertical column while an ammonia-like liquid called amine flows down through the column.
Other variables included the type of steam used and the size and pressure of the reactor--the chamber where the flue gas flows past the amine solution.
which the gas absorption and solvent heating occurs in a single vessel instead of two separate ones as is practiced currently.
whether they relate to greenhouse gas savings or individuals claiming that new biomass varieties will all be invasive species Endres said.
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011