services are located in Zaragoza. The city of Zaragoza is very active in innovation mainly in digital services, mobility
and energy A large majority of companies are small and medium including in the car industry around a large plant of General
nanosciences http://ina. unizar. es, mathematics, physics, environment and materials. The University has also set up since 1988 â€oeoficinas de transferencia de resultado de investigacion (OTRI) â€
mainly agrofood, environment and materials More over, Aragon is equiped well in research. The main research centres are focusing on
on agrofood and environment, created at the initiative of the Region of Aragon and CSIC
Network†is the main incubator centre of Aragon. It aims at supporting the creation of innovative companies
/The â€oered Aragã n 7pm†acts as a network aiming at getting the best out of the 7pm opportunities
infrastructures, digital community, digital services, TIC in SMES, TIC business component electronic administration, TICS in strategic areas.
implementation was hindered however by the slowdown of the Spanish economy and its impact on the public and private spending in R i+i. The budget line 46 of the budget of Spain devoted to
http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/files/ris-2012 en. pdf In short Aragon offers a rather complex and patchy ecosystem in research and innovation
to get the best out of the coming opportunity of a regional innovation strategy. The reinforcement of cooperation with
ENTERPRISE SISTEMA DE INNOVACIÃ N DE ARAGÃ N RIS 2012 region groups Introduction of Aragon work on
†More attention to be paid to incubators and support to new entrepreneurial actors RIS 3 Governance
2012, strong cooperation with Budget (Structural Funds), Economy and Rural Development (FEADER •Strong involvement of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and
Competitiveness, participation of the State Secretary for Research and Innovation in an event organized in Zaragoza on October 30th, 2012
•Four meeting of information of stakeholders in July (economic and social partners, research, innovation, education
stakeholders Basic document analysis of regional potential Basic document SWOT Meeting with stakeholders Vision and
challenges Future global vision Meeting with ECÂ's adviser Meeting with stakeholders Selection of priorities
Policy mix roadmap and action plan Integration of monitoring and evaluation mechanisms Approval by Aragonese
OPPORTUNITIES Health & Biotecnology Tourism & Trade Culture & Heritage Territory & Quality of life Agrifood CHALLENGES
OPPORTUNITIES Logistics & Transport Automotive New Materials Industry & SME Excellence CHALLENGES Energy Climate Change
OPPORTUNITIES Water Energy Hydrã gen Energy efficiency SMART SPECIALIZATION PRIORITIES IN ARAGÃ N TERRITORIAL BALANCE CONNECTIVITY
OPPORTUNITIES Health & Biotecnology Tourism & Trade Culture & Heritage Territory & Quality of life Agrifood CHALLENGES
OPPORTUNITIES Logistics & Transport Automotive New Materials Industry & SME Excellence CHALLENGES Energy Climate Change
OPPORTUNITIES Water Energy Hydrã gen Energy efficiency SMART SPECIALIZATION PRIORITIES IN ARAGÃ N TERRITORIAL BALANCE CONNECTIVITY
economic policy •Main objectives †The structuring of the territory, through infrastructure and telecommunications services
†Integration of ICT in enterprises †Knowledge transfer †Boost of egovernment and open Government
•More challenging over the whole territory, e-accessibility and e-health Implementation and Budget
†A good dialogue with all stakeholders •Establish a strong monitoring process of the RIS 3
†A common vision with all stakeholders in the long term †Good alignment of Aragonâ's RIS3 with funds available in the frame of the
Innovation Scoreboard, finally we will make some comments about Asturias and the opportunity opened by RIS3
The weight of enterprises with innovative activities in Asturias in relation to Spain (amounting to 461), maintained an upward trend,
whether the model of attracting productive investment in Asturias, developed in recent years, can be maintained in the future
of 63%of the regional economy Alongside, Asturias has a strong industrial base, as evidenced by the weight that this sector
accounting for a 21.78%of the regional economy in 2011 Expert Assessment of RIS3 strategy for the region of Asturias, Spain †Miquel Barcelã 4
Both in Asturias and Spain there has been a widespread decrease of economic activity, with the construction sector most affected with a reduction in employment of around 40%.
services which recorded lower falls, at around 14%and 11.5 %Employees per sectors in Spain (quarterly average
Services 13.021,2 13.396,2 13.402,2 13.438,6 13.786,4 Source: INE. Encuesta de la Poblaciã n Activa With respect to the turnover generated by the industrial sector in Asturias, in the year 2010 saw the
number of enterprises, turnover and employment from 2000 to the present, in the three main branches of the industrial sector in
With a large presence of foreign industrial investment accentuated in recent years thanks to public incentives for investment
In view of the above data the main features of the Asturian economy and more specifically of its
industrial sector would be the following a) Low level of technological innovation in relation to the Spanish average
b) High concentration of economic activity in the industrial sector c) Strong presence of foreign industrial investment with decision centers outside of Spain
d) High specialization in three sectors: metal, food and extractive/water/energy This poses the challenge of innovation and entrepreneurship (start-ups) as the two major challenges
for the region's economic future, challenges that will be faced by the new innovation strategies currently under preparation.
RIS3 in this sense can be a great opportunity To conclude this brief introduction to the Asturian economy,
we will observe the status in Asturias accordding the Regional Innovation Scoreboard 2012. With due caution with the data presented in
After the introduction to the Asturias economy and after providing some information of the institutions and people visited,
1. Is the strategy based on appropriate stakeholder involvement? How does it support the entrepreneurial discovery process of testing possible new areas
12 sectorial clusters that will have the opportunity to participate in the different panels depending on their specialization
services, usually participate in the initiatives and innovation programs promoted by the regional Government during the last years.
ï Cross-clustering capacity, entrepreneurship and the innovation capabilities of SMES and other strategic actions should be defined
investments, for instance through public-private partnerships. It looks like it won†t be easy to get financial commitment of the private sector with the current strategy
innovation support services and financial or on foreseeing an appropriate mix of grants, loans and financial engineering
ï The communication process to stakeholders and the general public, the mechanisms for ensuring support for the strategy from critical groups and the active participation of such
deploy a communication strategy directed to all stakeholders and also to the regional public opinion
i) Strategic actions fostering cross-clustering capacity, entrepreneurship and the innovation capabilities of SMES should be defined
RIS3 Strategy can be a great opportunity k) Try to stimulate private R&d&i investments, for instance through public-private partnerships
A cultural change must be focused in that respect passing from a traditional subsidized activity to a more competitive and privately financed model
q) The communication process to stakeholders and the general public, the mechanisms for ensuring support for the strategy from critical groups and the active participation of such
a communication strategy directed to all stakeholders and also to the regional public opinion However, the process is in the right way and,
ï Enterprise Europe Network ï Red de Clusters de Asturias ï Federaciã n Asturiana de Empresarios (FADE
Services 61 %ï¿Industry and energy 17 %ï¿Construction: 12 %ï¿Agriculture: 3 %ï¿A high percentage of GDP in services, is a symptom of
Services GDP distribution ï¿26,87%Business services ï¿13,76%Tourism and hospitality ï¿13,29%Commerce
27 %8 %6 %6 %ï¿13,29%Commerce ï¿10,16%Financial services ï¿7, 8%Public services ï¿
6, 44%Health services ï¿6, 38%Others 14 %13 %10 %8 %8 %Economic data
Cantabria†s economy is based mainly in industry services and tourism Research and Innovation ï¿RI funds in 2009
ï¿Cantabria dedicated 149 Mâ to RI ï¿1. 1%of GDI dedicated to RI in Cantabria
and the percentage of private capital should be increased Strengths of Cantabria ï¿High experience in its traditional industry
Telecom, Space and new physical/maths applications ï¿Social Dynamics, Innovative Society and Security ï¿
IT Services The next steps ï¿We are moving forward in the process with the help of a
A nivel internacional, la funciã n de transferencia de conocimiento se canaliza a travã s de la ENTERPRISE EUROPE
Centers, el 1 de abril de 2008 se pone en marcha, a nivel de toda Europa, la red ENTERPRISE EUROPE NETWORK
A nivel internacional, la funciã n de transferencia de conocimiento se canaliza a travã s de la ENTERPRISE EUROPE
e pone en marcha, a nivel de toda Europa, la red ENTERPRISE EUROPE NETWORK La Mancha participa en dicha red a travã s del consorcio ACTIS (http://www. infoactis. eu/),participando la
A nivel internacional, la funciã n de transferencia de conocimiento se canaliza a travã s de la ENTERPRISE EUROPE
e pone en marcha, a nivel de toda Europa, la red ENTERPRISE EUROPE NETWORK La Mancha participa en dicha red a travã s del consorcio ACTIS (http://www. infoactis. eu/),participando la
Participaciã n en Capital, dirigido a PYMES que acometan una nueva inversiã n, inicien una nueva actividad o
Participaciã n en Capital, dirigido a PYMES que acometan una nueva inversiã n, inicien una nueva actividad o
Participaciã n en Capital, dirigido a PYMES que acometan una nueva inversiã n, inicien una nueva actividad o
El grupo de trabajo Sport and Economics de la UE ha desarrollado la Vilnius Defin
El grupo de trabajo Sport and Economics de la UE ha desarrollado la Vilnius Defin
El grupo de trabajo Sport and Economics de la UE ha desarrollado la Vilnius Definition
Implican plenamente a los actores involucrados (stakeholders) y promueven la innovaciã n y la experimentaciã n
stakeholders) y promueven la Estã¡n basadas en evidencias e incluyen sistemas sã lidos de control y evaluaciã n
Portugal) make Castilla y Leã n an important communication hub at the Spanish and European level in the central
process of tertiary transformation of the regional economy. The table shows the evolution of the economic
Services 40.5 49.5 65.4 67.9 69.6 Table 1. Sectoral distribution of the Gross Added Value in Castilla y Leã n
Due to the important rates of growth of our economy, the rate of unemployment in Castilla y Leã n, was been
affected by the economic crisis, with a rate of 19.7%in 2012. Although it is a negative indicator, the value remains
ï Enterprises with R&d and Innovation departments and activities. Dual system: the 50 biggest enterprises (over a total number of 170.000 enterprises in the region) spend more than 40%of the
business R&d and Innovation expenditure in the region ï Intermediary bodies: T-CUE Network of university interface structures, COCI (Council of the Chambers of
Ade Capital Sodical S. C. R.,S. A.;Iberaval, S g. R.;Madrigal Participaciones, S. A
Services), and the Agro-Food Technology Institute 3. 2 Clusters and Industry The industrial fabric is very diverse.
activities like aeronautics, information and communication technologies, security, biotechnology and logistics The industrial policy of the Regional Government has established four main priorities in the support of emerging
the employment and economy of Castilla y Leã n, now under restructuration Automotive Agro-food
but during the past 3 years the economic crisis had a dramatic impact on this indicator, and
is a significant increase in the R&d activity of the enterprises as compared with the data of one decade ago, in
Enterprises 53,3%Government 6, 8 %Higher Education 39,5%Private Non Profit 0, 4 %Enterprises 54,4%Government
9, 9 %Higher Education 35,6 %Private Non Profit 0, 1 %Figure 4. R&d expenditure by sectors
Evolution of economic growth and convergence with the European union 4 B SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: A PRIORITY FOR THE REGIONAL GOVERNMENT OF
agrarian sector and the process of tertiary transformation of the regional economy. The table shows the evolution of the economic structure in the region
regions in Spain and on Portugal) make Castilla y Leã n an important communication hub at Spanish and European level in the central axis of the Continental Diagonal.
has been higher than the average growth of the European economy, which has allowed our region to approach the European union
In comparison with our economic environment, our region has grown at the same rate than the Spanish average and higher than EU-27 and the Euro zone until 2009.
Figure 2. Annual economic growth rate in Castilla y Leã n, Spain and Europe. Gross Value Added at basic prices
States and its impact on economic growth. In order to reverse this situation, it was concluded that European regions needed to identify technological patterns of knowledge
has therefore set smart specialisation as a prior condition for investments in two key cohesion policy objectives for the 2014-2020 period:
knowledge, thereby stimulating private investment •Participatory process to build a shared vision among companies, citizens
Opportunities, and Threats) for the R&d and Information Society situation in Castilla y Leã n that
Micro-enterprises dominate in the Castilla y Leã n business structure The regional GDP in 2012 was 5. 28%of the national GDP.
hold less weight in the economy: industry and energy with 19.8%,construction holding 8. 4,
companies†investment effort (with 61.8%of spending on R&d), Castilla y Leã n has started to regain its position in the Autonomous Communities rankings,
and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). With respect to the Sixth R&d National Plan, Castilla y Leã n†s participation†s is slightly lower
10 employees and companies with less than 10 employees (micro-enterprises and independent contractors), where usage data and ICT availability continue to be low with
minor annual economic growth. In 2012, specifically, only 68%of companies with fewer than 10 employees had compared computers with 71.6%at the national level.
%of micro-enterprises and independent contractors have Internet access, lightly below the 65.7%national average. This figure rises to 97.1%for companies with more than 10
ICT and most have staff dedicated to managing new information and communication technologies The Regional e-Government has a 90%average online presence for administering basic
y Leã n Online Government is better than the usage of these services by citizens:
history in primary services has been carried out with specialized attention in six out of the eleven health-care areas in Castilla y Leã n, with access to Electronic Medical records
The analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) compiles and integrates quantitative and qualitative analytical conclusions in the Strategy†s creation
environment OPPORTUNITIES •The region†s economic specialisation and existing capacities allow for leading future trends to be made use of in the
fields of health care, quality of life environment, and food and agriculture •Technological specialisation permits the development of applications in the
fields of advanced materials, production processes, ICT, and biotechnology, and contributes to the interrelatedness between economic sectors, and the cross
environment, and biotechnology •There is potential for the integration of value chain actions and economic interaction:
in providing innovative services to companies SA 014 WEAKNESSES •Significant financial crisis -The convergence process in R&d
•Decline in private investment, decrease in R&d investment •Reduction of budget earmarked for R&d that leads to a reduction of public
capacities for the support of structures human resources, and development of initiatives •Loss of support structure for R&d
OPPORTUNITIES Territory •Importance of ICT in the objectives and priorities of the new European funding
•Increase in consumer demand for new digital contents •ICT use makes globalization of companies
services; telecommuting; cloud computing, and new pay-peruse models Open Data; new models for collaboration
services Public Government •Use of ICT in the public sector and new public-public and public-private
health services at a distance with the use of ehealth and telecare SA 016 SWOT ANALYSIS
for companies and economic activities related to ICT and excessive disintegration of projects •Productive fabric primarily consisting
of micro-enterprises and independent contractors from traditional sectors with low ICT adoption levels, above all in retail
economic return on investment related to ICT use •Hesitation in using ICT in the classroom by
the rural environment •Difficulty in extending telecommunications infrastructures due to the differentiated application and specificity of particular
•e-Government services are difficult to use and digital certification systems are complex •Rapid technological change that makes
services SA 017 4 CASTILLA Y LEÃ N SPECIALISATION PATTERNS Specialisation pattern analysis has been carried out on three dimensions.
make up 59%of our economy and meet diverse criteria: specialisation compared with the national average, ability to compete in outside markets, temporary positive evolution
•Energy and Industrial Environment •Habitat SCIENTIFIC SPECIALISATION PATTERN •Medicine •Agriculture, Biology, and Veterinary
•Industry-wide technologies and opportunities, some of which are already in effect Others, although they do not form part of the Castilla y Leã n specialisation pattern,
ENERGY AND INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT Economic pattern Scientific pattern Technological pattern Possible regions of reference Other technologies
for generating new economic activity and an innovative expansion, starting from development of existing internal resources
along with Energy and Industrial Environment, are interesting not only from an economic standpoint but also from a technological point of view, to the extent that
Environment (sustainability, reuse of materials, etc SP 025 RESEARCH AND INNOVATION STRATEGY FOR SMART SPECIALISATION OF
The RIS3 is the opportunity to significantly improve the R&d&i and Information Society regional policy of Castilla y Leã n, a policy that allows addressing some of the challenges
Beginning with the regional specialisation, boosting both existing economic activities and generation of new activities through diversification is sought.
a competitive economy •P2. Excellent science and technological leadership •P3. Internationalization •P4.
ECONOMY Programme 1 is focused on responding to the need to boost competitiveness of regional companies on a base of innovation and the importance of generating new economic
2. 3 Support talent and human capital PROGRAMME 3. INTERNATIONALIZATION Programme 3 promotes internationalization as a crucial smart specialisation component
innovation as the base of human capital in a smart specialisation scenario 4. 1 Facilitate technological collaboration between companies and open innovation
4. 3 Identify current industry-wide technological demand and contribute to knowledge transfer 4. 4 Increase the convergence between higher education and innovation
6. 1 The deployment of telecommunications networks and services to ensure digital connectivity 6. 2 Develop the digital economy for companies growth and competitiveness
services through intensive ICT use 6. 4 Stimulate the citizen digital adoption and social innovation
Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness 5 European Statistics Office 6 Secretariat of State for Telecommunications and Information
 investment  in  R&d  •†International  approach  à ï †Co- †operation
•†Environment and Energy •†Habitat •†Tourism and Heritage Building the evidence base for RIS3 (III
Opportunities  •†Exploitation  of  trends  of  future  in
 environment  •†Development  of  applications  in  some  Aields
 environment  and  biotechnology  etc  •†New  programming  period
 investment  especially  reduction  of   R&d&i  investment  •†Reduction
 of  public  budget  for  R&d&i  loss  of  support
 competition  in  international  markets  Building the evidence base for RIS3 (I
Opportunities  •†Importance  of  ICT  in  the  new
 demand  for  contents  more  usable  technologies  closer  to
 environment  •†Low  usability  of  services  and  complexity
 in  use  of  digital  certiaication  systems  •†Fast
 services   Building the evidence base for RIS3 (II SWOT Analysis Knowledge Digital Society
 services  Innovation  &  creativity  social  culture  •†Creativity
 Environment  •†Habitat  •†Tourism  Heritage  &  Spanish
 services  to  ensure  digital  connectivity   2  To
 economy  for  the  growth  and  competitiveness  of  enterprises
  3  To  improve  the  effectiveness  efaiciency  and
 services  through  an  intensive  use  of  ICT Â
ENVIRONMENT CONSTRUCTION Â & Â CIVIL Â ENGINEERING BUILDING Â MATERIALS HABITAT TOURISM HERITAGE Â AND
 investments  Need  to  be  realistic  (crisis   27
 communication  and  collaboration  between  regional  ministry  for  ICT
c Catã lica Lisbon School of business and Economics, Palma de Cima, 1649-023 Lisboa, Portugal a r t i c l e i n f o
Small medium enterprises a b s t r a c t This paper studies the inventive performance and proï tability of small and medium sized ï rms (SMES) that
-tions to ï nal customers. In particular, on the side of inventive per -formance, previous research on MFT has neglected largely how the
to the ï nal customers. Large, established ï rms, due to their highly bureaucratic structure, have a comparative advantage in performing
development and commercialization to ï nal customers) internally Hence, based on this argument, it would appear preferable†from a
ï nal customers (Taylor and Helfat, 2009. These interdependences are likely to inhibit the generation of path-breaking inventions and rather
opportunity of technology specialists compared to vertically-integ -rated ï rms to undertake radical research paths is likely to result in a
-tions often require highly specialized complementary investments from the buyers, who are exposed consequently to the risk of â€oehold
-ing, Research, Management and Related Services; SIC 36 (7. 80 %Electronic, Other Electrical Equipment and Components;
Related Services. Other SIC represented include SIC 28 (15%Chemi -cals and Allied Products; SIC 34 (10%,Fabricated Metal Products
and related services 87 50 9. 07 52.45 13 65.00 75.00 Electronic and other electrical equipment and components, except computer equipment 36 43 7. 80 60.25
Business services 73 12 2. 18 83.48 Primary metal industries 33 10 1. 81 85.30
and sanitary services 49 3 0. 54 97.64 Leather and leather products 31 2 0. 36 98.00
Transportation services 47 1 0. 18 99.64 Apparel and accessory stores 56 1 0. 18 99.82
Personal services 72 1 0. 18 100.0 Total 551 20 Table 2 Country of origin: overall sample and technology specialists
sample is consistent with the evidence that the Italian economy is essentially based on small and medium enterprises.
For instance in 1991,24. 2%of manufacturing ï rms in Italy had less than 10 employees, compared to 13.3%in the UK and 7. 8%in Germany
the country's institutional environment (for instance, the Intellectual Property right (IPR) protection or the extent of local competition) may
affect a SMES'decision to become technology specialists, and this inï uence varies according to the ï rm category size.
-aries†that is, ï rms providing services such as patent evaluation patent monetization and patent management, which might contri
the role of intermediaries on the liquidity, transparency and efï -ciency of the MFT may constitute a promising new line of inquiry for
amongst small and large ï rms is optimal for the overall economy Indeed, our study shows that small ï rms that specialize in upstream
their inventions to the ï nal customers Finally, the results from this paper might also have implications
for research on Venture capital (VC. It is established well that Venture capital (VC) is crucial for small and young ï rms perfor
-mance (Bottazzi and Da Rin, 2002; Samila and Sorenson, 2011 The results of this study would suggest that the VC role could be
their products to the ï nal customers (e g.,, Robson and Bennett 2000). ) Hence, an interesting avenue for future research could be
of a changing environment. In this respect, it could be interesting to replicate this study across different time windows in order to see
-edding it into a product to be sold to ï nal customers might in principle also regard other players, like large ï rms or users.
selling their products to ï nal customers. In addition, we employ a cross sectional perspective in our analysis. The investigation of the
Entrepreneurship in the large corporation: a longitudinal study of how established ï rms create breakthrough inventions
the provision of technical services in technology licensing contracts. J. Dev. Econ. 50 (2), 233†256
The Economics of Innovation and Corporate Strategy. MIT Press, Cambridge MA Arora, A.,Gambardella, A.,1990.
the value of resources for entrepreneurial ventures. Strateg. Manag. J. 33 (3 221†251 Arrow, K. J.,1983.
Venture capital in Europe and the ï nancing of innovative companies. Econ. Policy 17, 229†270
and demand drivers of value creation in the markets for technology. Strateg Manag. J. 34, 404†425
Proceedings of the Conference on Economics of Technology Policy, Monte Veritã, Switzerland Cohen, W. M.,Klepper, S.,1991.
On the relations between appropriability, opportunities and rates of innovation. Res. Policy 35, 1110†1121
The Economics of Industrial Innovation. Pinter, London Frietsch, R.,Neuhã¤usler, P.,Jung, T.,Van Looy, B.,2014.
The economic value of patented inventions: thoughts and some open questions. Int. J. Ind. Organ. 31 (5), 626†633
Venture capital, entrepreneurship, and economic growth. Rev. Econ. Stat. 93, 338†349 Shane, S.,2002. Selling university technology:
Overtext Web Module V3.0 Alpha
Copyright Semantic-Knowledge, 1994-2011