motives such as meeting customer demands, or keeping up with competitors. Their most important challenges relate to organizational
processes demands higher investments in capital and technologies. For services†due to their relatively intangi -ble, simultaneous and heterogeneous nature†the opposite
market-related motives such as meeting customer demands but also to acquire new knowledge. Likewise, Jacobs and
are marked also by practices which usually demand substantial investments, including venturing, external participations, IP licensing and R&d outsourcing
and to meet customer demand, which eventually should result in increased growth, better ï nancial results, or
the ever-changing customer demand and to prevent the ï rm from being outperformed by competitors or new
Demand Customer demand too speciï c, innovation appears not to ï t the market â€
customer demands. When relying on employees to imple -ment open innovation, it often turns out that they do not
Changes on the demand side, however, are sometimes slow and steady. Think about the growing awareness of companies to develop environmentally friendly or sustainable products or the increase in
-trough demand Three strategic changes in a single decade may appear to be too much turbulence,
worldwide demand was a major challenge. However, to hold on to sole IP rights, QOD had to reach
importance of demand from the military and the ci -vilian business, and the importance of scale and
Knowing how severe these demands are, top class universities fight to attract the best students and try
Demand conditions may sound trivial as a determinant, but consumers play a huge role in fostering
Demand conditions Internal) Market rules Standards Framework conditions Infrastructure Facilities for transport, communication, energy/water
Demand conditions Internal) Market rules Standards Framework conditions Infrastructure Facilities for transport, communication, energy/water
The origins of imbalance between demand for finance enterprises and finance supply are understood well in
First, public organisations and large firms voluntarily announce demand for products that SMES may develop.
In addition, the government is supporting the transformation of SMES focusing on domestic demand into ex
Demand conditions may sound trivial as a determinant, but consumers play a huge role in fostering
Demand conditions Internal) Market rules Standards Framework conditions Infrastructure Facilities for transport, communication, energy/water
Demand conditions Internal) Market rules Standards Framework conditions Infrastructure Facilities for transport, communication, energy/water
The origins of imbalance between demand for finance enterprises and finance supply are understood well in
First, public organisations and large firms voluntarily announce demand for products that SMES may develop.
In addition, the government is supporting the transformation of SMES focusing on domestic demand into ex
'Public'sector'organizations'have'to'cope'with'soqcalled'â€oewickedâ€'societal'challenges'and'an'increasing'demand'for'highqquality'public'services,
Third,'the'external'context'is'relevant'in'pushing'organizations'to'adopt'telework'because'of'the'needqbased'demands'of'society.'
regional development and general quality of life and to meet the demands of the increasing population •Enhance enterprise development, Science, Technology and Innovation, working age training
i e. to reduce overall travel demand 3. To maximise the efficiency of the transport network
Requirements for increased capacity in water supply is slowing due to decreased development-led demand. Ac -cordingly, there is a refocusing of expenditure from increasing water treatment capacity to water conservation
Increased demand up to 2009 for such services placed an increased burden on waste water infrastructure with the result that inadequate waste water facilities began to inhibit eco
However, the decline in development-led demand in the recent past for waste water facilities has refocused the
and determine how this demand will be accommodated through an appropriate housing land zoning requirement which should be consistent with this
demand for housing; land ownership patterns in the area; the possibility of creating a coherent development
3. 12.1 Rural Housing Demand Issues Demands for housing in rural areas arise in different circumstances.
In many cases, housing needs relate to people who are established an part of the rural community
types of housing demand in surrounding areas in a sustainable manner. It is also important that housing in rural
and demands placed upon educational facilities and the need to improve access to such facilities for all.
-Identity a range of suitable sites on which the demand for development might best be met, with
the most effective links, the minimisation of the demand for travel and the most efficient use of resources.
i e. to reduce overall travel demand 2. To maximise the efficiency of the transport network
b) Development and use of new technology to support demand response services PPO 5. 6 The Regional Authority will support the provision and sustainable expansion of rural trans
•New technology to support demand response services Regional Planning Guidelines for the Southeast Region 2010-2022
RP4 Rescheduling of passenger services to match potential demand patterns, e g. commut -ers, ferry passengers, students etc
Requirements for increased capacity in water supply is slowing due to decreased development-led demand Accordingly, there is a refocusing of expenditure from increasing water treatment capacity to water conserva
Treated water is a valuable and limited resource, the demand for which must be met in a sustainable way
greater demands on the environment The National Water conservation Programme is designed to identify and substantially reduce the levels of unac
However, the decline in development-led demand in the recent past for waste water facilities has refocused the need for expenditure on the management and upgrad
i e. to reduce overall travel demand 2. To maximise the efficiency of the transport network
Encourage measures to stimulate demand for, and take-up of, broadband services Regional broadband and business internet costs could be reduced by ensuring the establishment of
expected population demand -Locate areas of open spaces, recreation and sports facilities, especially such facilities in urban
demand for coastal uses and resources. Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM aims to reduce or eliminate
demands and by unlocking their potential •Teach the young to manage creativity and innovation:
and demand of innovations, and involving public sector reform •Synchronised action requires that EU directives and
demand response, cross-border retail competition or smart metering standardisation 21 2. 4) Innovative fi nancing models
demands and frameworks of regulation. The precise roles of policies and governance at European, national, regional and local levels in
Key issues include the role of aggregate demand and coordination of policies across institutions Borras (2003) focuses more upon horizontal
the latent demand The Panel has used the notion that public policy can help change the fi nal results †and help
•Stimulating demand articulation, strategy and vision development 37 References Acs, Z. 2007. †Schumpetrian capitalism in capitalist development:
†Public procurement and innovation †Resurrecting the demand side. †Research Policy. Vol. 36
†Eff ective Innovation Policies for Europe †the Missing Demand-side. †Report for the
raw material prices, technological advances, shorter production cycles, and demand for customised products and services and more environmentally-friendly products
efficiency and providing new solutions to current demands. To this end, RIS3CAT promotes a crosscutting vision that seeks synergies and complementarities between
5. Global sector trends (estimates of world demand, supply, prices, Community policies, etc. to analyse future potential
technology supply and demand. As a result, the R&i system fosters the evolution of the
The RIS3CAT strategy provides incentives to encourage business demand to adopt differential technology, that is to say, that projects driven by the production sector should take global and
in order to respond to citizen demands in a complex and changing society. Innovation in the public administration can be defined as the process of
aimed at developing new markets by generating demand through such public procurement. The objective is to make public procurement a strategic activity to respond to the needs and challenges
It is also important to promote spaces where ICT supply and demand can meet, along with digitisation drivers, such as e-commerce and e-invoicing
raw material prices, technological advances, shorter production cycles, and demand for customised products and services and more environmentally-friendly products
efficiency and providing new solutions to current demands. To this end, RIS3CAT promotes a crosscutting vision that seeks synergies and complementarities between
5. Global sector trends (estimates of world demand, supply, prices, Community policies, etc. to analyse future potential
technology supply and demand. As a result, the R&i system fosters the evolution of the
The RIS3CAT strategy provides incentives to encourage business demand to adopt differential technology, that is to say, that projects driven by the production sector should take global and
in order to respond to citizen demands in a complex and changing society. Innovation in the public administration can be defined as the process of
aimed at developing new markets by generating demand through such public procurement. The objective is to make public procurement a strategic activity to respond to the needs and challenges
It is also important to promote spaces where ICT supply and demand can meet, along with digitisation drivers, such as e-commerce and e-invoicing
â Market failure on the supply side (private funds) and on the demand side (availability of ENOUGH projects to generate attractive project
therefore integrate policies that are formulated with demand side considerations, through approaches such as public-private partnerships
Innovation users or groups representing demand-side perspectives and consumers, relevant non -profit organisations representing citizens
between SME latent and implicit needs and demand for support, on the one hand, and the effective value added of the existing support,
consistency between policies addressing the supply and the demand (take-up) of innovations Entrepreneurship: Favourable conditions for equity investment, business angels and venture capitalists
demand-side perspectives, embodied in innovation-user or interest groups of consumers, are represented along with intermediaries who offer a knowledge-based
•Develop latent demand for innovation innovation vouchers, placement of students in SMES •Orient polytechnics centres to new
for the regional authorities to adapt their offer of support services to the demand of the different
contribute to regional growth and development (i e. demand side. Successful partnerships involve'boundary spanners'providing leadership within
and stimulating demand for new applications (cloud computing ebusiness) and ICT usage (ecommerce for SMES and consumers, smart energy networks and
which will provide information on the supply and demand of KETS in the EU and third countries.
data on the demand and supply of KETS, which will help regions (and Member States) to
•have potential in generating social demand, engaging the public and addressing social concerns in rapidly growing markets,
•knowledge of international market and technology demand •strategy development for international R&d activities
demand for eco-innovations. Starting with demand issues provides more chances for successful innovation than starting with R&d grants,
as it allows the design of the innovation process to more precisely match the market opportunity
Innovation Research scheme (SBIR) 125 †take public sector demand for innovative, affordable and high-quality solutions as a starting point.
demand-side measures in a unique manner. This is particularly true for public procurement, as the partnership contracts and strategic reference frameworks include different strands of
They address a social demand or need (e g. elder care), contribute to addressing a societal challenge (ageing society) and, through their process dimension (e g. the
challenges such as demographic ageing, increased demand for healthcare services, risk of poverty and social exclusion, the need for better and more transparent governance, and a more
•the improvement of demand-side conditions and, in particular, public procurement as a driver for innovation
OECD countries, Ireland has shown a resilient export performance despite slow demand in partner countries of the euro area
1. In response to market and societal demand trends, develop a national consensus on a
OECD countries, Ireland has shown a resilient export performance despite slow demand in partner countries of the euro area
1. In response to market and societal demand trends, develop a national consensus on a
innovation and public service applications, and demand stimulation; and, iii) networking, clusters and open innovation through smart specialization.
However, there is reason to believe that the high demand for skilled labor from foreign firms and the opportunities they can offer may have negative implications for domestic firms.
supply and labor demand and overeducation. This will require investments to improve the links between
This approach will ensure that new graduates acquire a skills set that meets the demands of
marketable, nor does it meet the demands of the private sector. 42 Authorities and policy makers should
lifelong learning in order to answer to the demands of the business sector in the region. Representatives of the Ministry of Labor and the Ministry of National Education should be part of this Committee
the demand side (especially on the European travel market. This form of tourism is based on a bottom
continuing demand for the output produced in the region Establish local research institutes and labs to support firms in
in accordance with market demand and the need to enhance competitiveness advantage of opportunities for trade
Policy makers can utilize public-private partnerships (PPP) to evaluate private sector†s demand for research and development facilities, by using PPPS to allow the government to invest in high-yield projects.
the support of the regional authorities that can ensure coordination between the demand side and the
demands of the labor market, increasing the relevance of the educational and vocational training offer by anticipating private sector requirements,
programs in correlation with labour market demands, especially for sectors with significant growth potential, in order to ensure complementarity with the competitiveness strategy.
parks, based on demand assessments The project could potentially be coordinated through the regional innovation center pilot
demand market can be established to serve a large share of the small agro food firms and
V FINANCIAL DEMAND AND OPTIONS †††††††††â€
IV. 1 Financial demand for the development program of broadband communication services ††††††††††††††††††â€
•Identification of the financial demand and options During the options elaboration strategies and definition of priority intervention
changed depending on the demand modification at the level of the end-user, but also depending on the offer of applications and services.
the citizens demand, for rendering efficient the citizen time, in terms of local and administrative tax payment, of transmitting data and answering in electronic format
Possibilities of rendering valuable the high potential demand †aggregation of public demand, occurence of new corporate customers
ï¿Positive characteristics of consumers †opening towards innovative services high digital alphabetization of young people
followed stimulation of services demand by developing a new content, leading to a new broadband communication demand, that shall justify investments in
infrastructure and the circle starts from the beginning 20 Also, we envisage to observe the universal right of access to electronic
•Connection of public institutions (public demand aggregation •Increase in use at the level of the public field
can stimulate the demand for broadband type services The purpose of regional development for broadband communications was to
calculated demand represents an initial estimation. During future consultation stages, after setting up the measures provisioned for in the strategy,
Financing demand for the development program of broadband communication services For meeting the objectives set,
financing demand and also to identify and quantify available resources to that effect 29 As a result, a closer estimation to the real financing demand can be obtained
by substantiating on costs which can be done only by a clear dialogue between all working group representatives and the operators on the communication market.
Summary of the financing demand for implementing government strategy concerning broadband communication services development Major objective Instruments
Financing demand by the national development program of broadband services 2009-2015 mills. of Euro
public institutions (public demand aggregation), increased use in public, support the small and medium enterprises in training, configuring and implementing
other future technologies, according to market demand for such services •Reducing the negative effects of conversion from analog to digital, having
 demand  side  management  •distribution  automation  † more
 demand  •e- †mobility  † managing  a  new
 demand  and  storage  Making  grids  smarter  therefore  needs
 demand  globalisation  increasing  fossil  fuel  costs  and  a
 demand  for  more  complex  coor- †dination  and
 (demand  response  storage  highly  flexible  CHP  plants  risk
 demand  response  and  storage  are  becoming  important  in
 demand  systems  Since  electricity  generation  by  the  consumers
 demand  side  and  will  require  flexible  ad- â€
 demand  response  member  states  have  to  ensure  that
 demand  response  be  allowed  to  participate  alongside  supply
 demand  response  providers  in  a  non- †discriminatory
 demand  response  measures  from  competing  with  the  electricity
†directive- †a- †positive- †step- †for- †demand- â€
 demand  coalition  represents  a  wide  variety  of  industries
 demand  side  programs  in  the  European  electricity  markets. 46
 demand  response  would  require  new  equipment  functionalities  and
 demand  response  at  the       Â
 demand  side  management  rapid  detection  and  isolation  of
 demand  also  due  to  coal  shortages  The  dimension
 demand  at  different  echelons   Increasing  attention  for
 demand  response  reliability  and  shorter  reaction  times Â
 Demand  Presentation  at  the  SECD  DR  Seminar  Amsterdam
 Demand  Response  Snap  Shot Â- † The  Reality
 Demand  Response  Providers  Working  In  Europe  Today  Smart
 Demand  Coalition  Brussels  Sioshansi  F. P  (Ed  2012
 demand  in  CIRED  Ed  21st  International  Conference  on
 Demand  Coalition  Secretary  General  Togeby  Michael  Ea  Energy
Prioritizing the demands of the businesses facilitates the alignment of the regional capabilities with the
and demand is complicated Intermediary infrastructure must play a proactive role although the reality does not always allows it
•Increase in consumer demand for new digital contents •ICT use makes globalization of companies
4. 3 Identify current industry-wide technological demand and contribute to knowledge transfer 4. 4 Increase the convergence between higher education and innovation
 demand  for  contents  more  usable  technologies  closer  to
and demand drivers of value creation in the markets for technology. Strateg Manag. J. 34, 404†425
exploiting high price elasticities of demand Schumpeter, 1942. Innovation from the 1940s to the 1970s fits this model:
Uncertain demand for new goods or services Marketing innovation Organisational innovation Micro 0 20 40 60
Uncertain demand for innovative goods or services 0 5 10 15 20 25 %0 0. 5
In response to this unmet demand, as part of Canada†s Economic Action Plan 2009, NRC-IRAP received an additional investment of CAN 200 million over two years to
Uncertain demand for innovative goods or services Denmark SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010 59
Uncertain demand for innovative goods or services Difficulty in finding co-operation partners for innovation
because no demand for innovations Lack of qualified personnel Lack of information on technology Lack
Uncertain demand for innovative goods or services SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010 67
and to stimulate demand for innovation facilitating services. The grant scheme was announced in mid-2008 by the National Office for Research and
Uncertain demand for innovative goods or services SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010 69
Uncertain demand for innovative goods or services SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010 71
Uncertain demand for innovative goods or services SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010 73
Uncertain demand for innovative goods or services Firms with new to -market product innovations SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010 75
Uncertain demand for innovative goods or services Markets dominated by established enterprises SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010 81
on-demand basis and funding is provided typically on a matched basis, i e. 50%of eligible project costs
In the case of industrial R&d contracts, the programme stimulates co-operation between a demand
Uncertain demand for innovative goods or services Markets dominated by established enterprises SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010 91
2006, provides a network of regional platforms that brings together the demand and supply of venture
The demand side includes universities, incubators, development agencies and other regional partners, while the supply side comprises venture capital companies.
Uncertain demand for innovative goods or services SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010 97
Uncertain demand for innovative goods or services Firms with new to -market product innovations Lack of funds within
programme in the South african context, one that addresses an essential demand in industry, initially it
3. Articulation of demand-driven quality requirements 4. Creation and change of organisations needed for the development of new fields of
that meet increased demand from students and the need for tailored teaching. More universities, faculties and students are becoming involved and the variety of content and
2002 the demand for apprenticeship positions has exceeded constantly their supply, both in eastern and western Germany (Zwick, 2007.
entrepreneurship skill formation policy also demands an appreciation of workforce development as an alternative to traditional approaches centred on the provision of
How Does Successful Innovation Impact on the Demand for Skills and How Do Skills Drive
acknowledgment of a need or demand within society, and then the effective supply, which comes first from innovative ideas and secondly from the transformation of these ideas into
connect social demand with the supply of social innovations â Incubators play a critical role in spreading social innovations,
the basic societal needs and demands of society†s most vulnerable groups (including the unemployed, the elderly, women, non-educated persons and young people;
terms of increased consumer demand, purchasing power, reduced welfare spending and better health and social outcomes
In other words, the demand and supply model of the traditional credit) market fails to underpin social innovation investment
demand factor, industrial support activities, business strategies and structures) and consequently enhances the innovation process.
Influential factors on the success of innovation include supply factors, demand factors, industrial support activities
The demand factors include existing and potential demands/needs, and local and international markets. Production, products, employment strategies and flexibility are part of the industrial
demand forecasting especially in a supply-chain environment Prashanth Kannan conducted research in the area of Social networking/Digital Cities and
Gas has become a game changer for the world†s energy demands and has increased the outlook for production across a wide variety of industries
and manage demand more effectively which results in cleaner, reliable and smarter energy With these possibilities in mind, the European union (EU) is currently
smart grids and demand response to tackle our need to use energy more efficiently Put simply, the Social Innovators will be those that can directly address the
create the same demand and value that consumers wanted from Coca-cola. By collaborating with local
s, rail services in the region are underdeveloped due to a combination of interrelated factors including time-tabling issues, lack of demand and limitations due to existing track infrastructure. footnoteref:
and the fact that the global demand for seafood is forecast to increase greatly over the coming decades,
for a better match of demand and supply in EU countries. A cap of a European
ever-growing array of application demands. During the same period, efforts to down-scale mainframe computers to allow their use for specialized control
to meet the rapidly rising demands for new, specialized applications software. Moreover, personal computers could use
because the widespread adoption of the new technology raised the demand for compatible printers, the dedicated word processors found themselves unprotected by any persisting special advantages in
and new demands for"user support"to make the general purpose technology deliver its potential
Organization Increase the Demand for Skilled labor, †in M. Blair and T. Kochan, eds. The New Relationship:
Demand for Skilled labor: Firm-level Evidence, †National Bureau of Economic Research: Working Paper Series, No. 7136
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