II. 1 Overview on the existing situation on broadband communication services market II. 2 SWOT Analysis †††††††††††††††â€
services ††††††††††††††††††â€
using ICT services and equipment over creation of an information society able to stimulate the growth of economic competitiveness,
Internet, as an info disseminating environment and supplying services and content creating new markets, thus contributing to a growth in economic productivity.
use of broadband communication services was identified as major objective 4 In this context, it became obvious that Romania also needs a political
lining all relevant resources to promote broadband services in Romania The document was structured on five main components consistent with the
communication services •An analysis of the current situation in Romania •Definition of general principles and strategic objectives
services in broadband (Roland Berger 2006) and on those supplied by the National Authority in
digital services may be ensured. The band width that is required by different on-line services varies significantly, depending on the respective services
The National Authority for Communications (ANC) establishes a general definition which is based only on the quantitative dimension of the Internet
connections, emphasizing the transfer speed of 144 kbps as a threshold for delimiting connections in broadband as compared to those in narrowband
depending on the offer of applications and services. The uniform and final definition of broadband communications is worsen by aspects as dynamism of technological
used in the process of providing electronic broadband communication services â€oebroadband connection represents that type of electronic communication that, by
services provider is present I. 2 Anticipated advantages for the development of broadband communication services
Benefits of broadband communication access do not materialize by means of activities performances. The later can be executed without access also, but with far
offer and, implicitly, to stimulate competitiveness and added value services. In addition, broadband sector development shall make Romania attractive as a
information, services as tax collection, education and health etc. all of major importance for citizens. Technologies and broadband communications can improve
availability and access to government services The public administration development of those electronic services meant for
the citizens demand, for rendering efficient the citizen time, in terms of local and administrative tax payment, of transmitting data and answering in electronic format
services by setting up data basis nationally concerning health of patients in hospitals and at the level of medical clinics (e-Health) and developing telemedicine services
that lead to a permanent monitoring of patients with heart diseases, diabetes and other diseases as well as of handicapped people
by facilitating access to goods and new, superior services as well as participating facilities in digital economy or information society
II. 1 Overview on the existing situation on broadband communication services market During the last two years we noticed a remarkable evolution at the level of
electronic communications market as regards internet services providing. If mid -11 2006, we had 2, 66 million connections of internet access, mid 2008 the number
well as the continuous development of services using as support the internet created a trend for young people and even a way of life
In Romania, the penetration rate of broadband communications services continues to grow in 2008, but it is still one of the lowest rates in European union
communication services (30%of the population lives in cities with no coverage of broadband communication services) and low incomes, especially in the rural zones1
Table 3: Evolution of the penetration rate of broadband internet dedicated access connections during 31.12.2003 â€
Positive characteristics of consumers †opening towards innovative services high digital alphabetization of young people
SWOT analysis concerning broadband services market indicates that although there are several advantages and opportunities for developing these
services, in cases of a lack of intervention measures adapted to Romania†s existing problems, the risk to deepen the digital gap becomes even bigger thus amplifying
of broadband communication services (identified as one of the most important facilitator of society modernizing
communication services, activities that in the absence of an intervention from the state would have experienced a much more reduced rhythm
conditions, we had in view removal of certain access barriers to broadband services One of the principles at the basis of this approach is guaranteeing free access to a
large range of services with high social and geographic availability. This supposes mainly the existence of a free market, guaranteed by observing the non
electronic communication services and encouraging a competitive market as regards the offer diversity, tariffs and quality of services.
So, the national broadband communication strategy acknowledges the importance of market instruments in developing broadband services
At the basis of a free and competitive market lies the fundamental principle of technological neutrality,
broadband for developing broadband communication services, the adopted solutions shall ensure observance of the principle of the efficient use of resources, namely
and services to generate the so-called †virtuous circle††creation of networks followed stimulation of services demand by developing a new content, leading to a
new broadband communication demand, that shall justify investments in infrastructure and the circle starts from the beginning
broadband services in the sense of including them socially and ensuring equal chances. Following the same principle of equal chances, we shall try, at the same
especially to ensuring access to broadband services, providing relevant content and ensuring necessary preconditions for information, education and security
using on-line services -Number of users of e -learning services -%of companies with their own web site
-%of companies using e -Business type applications -Number of e-Administration services available on each
relevant field of activity -Solicitations or forms processed on-line Ensuring information education and security (pre
availability and degree of services use, encourage development of informational content or ensure an adequate framework that may allow the improvement of
connection services up to 40%in 2010 and up to 80%in 2015 •Growth of the rate of access to electronic broadband communication
services at the level of the population up to minimum 100%until 2015 •Connection and increase in the use of broadband services at the level of
SMES •Growth of the penetration rate of electronic broadband communication services in disadvantaged areas from the access point of view
•Growth of on-line services offer for government and business sectors The specific objectives refer both to demand stimulation and electronic broadband
services offer for the public and private sector 22 •Connection of public institutions (public demand aggregation
•Increase in use at the level of the public field •Connection and increase in use at the level of SMES
Access rate of broadband services at the level of the population 10,5 2008) 20 100
type services by natural persons demand) as a whole 5 20 50 The rate of commercial operation
these areas that benefit from broadband communication services after implementing the strategy. Of course, for having an overview on the global degree of connectivity registered in
The strategic plan recognizes initiatives with impact on broadband services development already executed, underlining the importance of continuing efforts on
directly or indirectly the evolution of broadband communication services. These actions contribute to the achievement of preconditions for an extensive adoption of
broadband communication services development A representative example to this effect is Italy, where two entities were set up to
digital content and broadband services 25 Relevant examples can be found with other EU member states as Ireland, Hungary
has as purpose providing broadband services in uncovered areas (disadvantaged zones In Romania, the role of operational entity shall belong to the Working group set
services. The entity shall be the interface between the different authorities /institutions with interests in projects application, collecting reactions from them and
services bigger than EUR 100,000 3. Establish the main updating ways for central administration using methods
can stimulate the demand for broadband type services The purpose of regional development for broadband communications was to
and services providing even in areas where such an enterprise is not commercially profitable. For achieving this purpose we
services For meeting the objectives set, the Working group for implementing the national development strategy of broadband communications shall have to evaluate the
communication services development Major objective Instruments Financing demand by the national development program of broadband
services 2009-2015 mills. of Euro Infrastructure development in the failure areas Total out of which:
services availability •Development of Hotspots at the level of towns (public markets libraries, public places, etc
broadband services 85 Introduction of on-line services at the level of the public administration Total out of which:
770 •e-Romania 90 •e-Guvernment 90 •e-Administration 70 •e-Justice 40
•The possibility to include broadband services in the universal service field. At the European level such a proposal already exists, and
adopted, projects financing for implementing broadband services and infrastructure can be sustained from the universal service fund
implementation of broadband services and networks, but also with a view to develop new broadband technologies in the next years.
involve high costs for providing these services, the European commission proposed in 2009, the allocation of 1 billion euro, with the following priority areas
competitive infrastructure for high-speed Internet and related services •develop an effective spectrum policy •facilitate the use of EU structural funds to achieve this agenda
•create a genuine single market for online content and services (i e. secure Web services in EU) to enjoy high levels of security and confidence, a balanced
regulatory framework with well defined rights, the strengthening of multi-territory licensing, protection and proper remuneration of the rights holders and active
through measures to support skills and accessibility of digital services C. Granada Strategy for a Digital Europe
3. European Charter of rights of electronic communications services users which will include the rights of all end users of electronic communications services
regardless of the chosen supplier 4. Market development and digital content. A major objective of the new
services 5. Strengthening ICT industry and foster its contribution to sustainable development by promoting the research in this field, the contribution of ICT to
penetration of electronic communication services for broadband in disadvantaged areas in terms of access and increasing the supply of online services for
infrastructure projects and services, increasing accessibility of services, content and applications development, consumer†s education and inclusion of disadvantaged
To support the development of broadband infrastructure and services Ministry of Communications and Information (MCSI) will call on the Structural Funds
promote projects on the development of broadband communications services especially Internet services. A first step in this direction was made last year by
installing 211 hotspots (wireless network providing free Internet service in a public area) in 34 counties.
services offered; users in rural areas are facing either the problem of limited choice option, having access to a single supplier or a limited number of suppliers for most
services, either the lack access to means of communication, where outside the coverage of electronic communications networks
networks that can provide services at a fixed point. They will be funded from the universal service fund and provide public access to 100%by 2012.
partially covered with electronic communications services National Authority for Administration and Communications is obliged to ensure the access to universal service throughout Romania.
minimum set of electronic communications services There is a similar initiative of public consultation on a European level as to
identify the best approach to ensure availability of basic telecommunications services for all EU citizens.
†access to public telephone networks and services such as basic Internet access The public consultation is meant to find out whether these rules and definitions for
service has been created for traditional telecommunications services, through voice but is this approach valid in today's dynamic digital environment?
access and use basic telecommunications services •Broadband: A comprehensive coverage of broadband is crucial to boost
Romanian Government decided to implement digital terrestrial television services nationally and completing the elimination of analog television services until January
1, 2012. The strategy seeks •Achieving full and effective transition from analogue television services in the
UHF frequency band to DIGITAL TV services in the DVB-T type and complete cessation of analogue emissions until January 1, 2012
•Establishing procedures for public access to television services and digital media •Identify tools
and best intervention measures to encourage switching relative to target parties (consumers, equipment manufacturers, broadcasters
services via terrestrial broadcasts, throughout the country 10â  •Implementation of legislative measures necessary to ensure shared use of
television services, ensuring: the compliance of pluralistic expression of ideas and opinions in the content of audiovisual media services transmitted by service
providers under the jurisdiction of the Romanian audiovisual media, the pluralism of public information sources and a balanced ratio between program services with
national coverage and the local, regional or thematic services •Implementation of digital television services DVB-H, DVB-T HD-type and/or
other future technologies, according to market demand for such services •Reducing the negative effects of conversion from analog to digital, having
regard to the need for public service television and competitiveness while maintaining a fair market and the principle of technological neutrality
•Presentation of the national radio frequency plan, in order to implement 5 national digital multiplex in the UHF band, a national digital multiplex in the VHF
of services •Electronic (e g. start-ups, construction notices, change of address, pay taxes •Online information (e g. transport, justice, agriculture, tourism
To operationalize these services, there is several action directions grouped into 4 categories A. Government increased capacity to take decisions based on resources
•Strengthening public confidence in electronic services •Ensure protection of personal data •Increased performance of public services through electronic government
•Infrastructure and support services for the Information Society •Dissemination of public and economic contents
services 13â  •the direct involvement of research-development-innovation in introducing electronic public services
electronic services by the end of 2011, interconnection and full computerization of the Romanian Government and all public institutions so that the citizen†s access to
of integrated services, primarily to generate interoperability between institutions As Intermediate Body for Promotion the Information Society, MCSI manages Priority
public procurement, the public works concession contracts and services concession contracts During this parliamentary session (starting February 2010), there were several
approve Government Emergency Ordinance nr. 113/2009 Payment Services Legislative proposal establishing a single framework of declarations regarding the
System) by integrating new electronic services, so that the number of operational services to grow from 16 as they were at the end of 2009 to 150;
 -Expanding access to broadband electronic communications for small urban and rural communities are disadvantaged in terms of access to the policy
 services  competitive  energy  mar- †kets  efficient  use
 services  and  functions  especially  Expert  group  3  on
 services  (both  on  the   time  scale  and
 services  This  is  a  considerable  step  forward  since
 Services  Industry  has  national  associations  as  its  members
 services   An  important  motivation  for  Enel  to
between the traditional financial support (grant) to nonfinancial support (services provided by intermediate infrastructures, competitive intelligence, networks, etc
services are located in Zaragoza. The city of Zaragoza is very active in innovation mainly in digital services, mobility
and energy A large majority of companies are small and medium including in the car industry around a large plant of General
infrastructures, digital community, digital services, TIC in SMES, TIC business component electronic administration, TICS in strategic areas.
telecommunications services †Integration of ICT in enterprises †Knowledge transfer †Boost of egovernment and open Government
services which recorded lower falls, at around 14%and 11.5 %Employees per sectors in Spain (quarterly average
Services 13.021,2 13.396,2 13.402,2 13.438,6 13.786,4 Source: INE. Encuesta de la Poblaciã n Activa With respect to the turnover generated by the industrial sector in Asturias, in the year 2010 saw the
services, usually participate in the initiatives and innovation programs promoted by the regional Government during the last years.
innovation support services and financial or on foreseeing an appropriate mix of grants, loans and financial engineering
Services 61 %ï¿Industry and energy 17 %ï¿Construction: 12 %ï¿Agriculture: 3 %ï¿A high percentage of GDP in services, is a symptom of
Services GDP distribution ï¿26,87%Business services ï¿13,76%Tourism and hospitality ï¿13,29%Commerce
27 %8 %6 %6 %ï¿13,29%Commerce ï¿10,16%Financial services ï¿7, 8%Public services ï¿
6, 44%Health services ï¿6, 38%Others 14 %13 %10 %8 %8 %Economic data
services and tourism Research and Innovation ï¿RI funds in 2009 ï¿Cantabria dedicated 149 Mâ to RI
IT Services The next steps ï¿We are moving forward in the process with the help of a
Services 40.5 49.5 65.4 67.9 69.6 Table 1. Sectoral distribution of the Gross Added Value in Castilla y Leã n
Services), and the Agro-Food Technology Institute 3. 2 Clusters and Industry The industrial fabric is very diverse.
y Leã n Online Government is better than the usage of these services by citizens:
history in primary services has been carried out with specialized attention in six out of the eleven health-care areas in Castilla y Leã n, with access to Electronic Medical records
in providing innovative services to companies SA 014 WEAKNESSES •Significant financial crisis -The convergence process in R&d
services; telecommuting; cloud computing, and new pay-peruse models Open Data; new models for collaboration
services Public Government •Use of ICT in the public sector and new public-public and public-private
health services at a distance with the use of ehealth and telecare SA 016 SWOT ANALYSIS
•e-Government services are difficult to use and digital certification systems are complex •Rapid technological change that makes
services SA 017 4 CASTILLA Y LEÃ N SPECIALISATION PATTERNS Specialisation pattern analysis has been carried out on three dimensions.
6. 1 The deployment of telecommunications networks and services to ensure digital connectivity 6. 2 Develop the digital economy for companies growth and competitiveness
services through intensive ICT use 6. 4 Stimulate the citizen digital adoption and social innovation
 services  and  complexity  in  use  of  digital  certiaication
 services   Building the evidence base for RIS3 (II SWOT Analysis Knowledge Digital Society
 services  Innovation  &  creativity  social  culture  •†Creativity
 services  to  ensure  digital  connectivity   2  To
 services  through  an  intensive  use  of  ICT Â
-ing, Research, Management and Related Services; SIC 36 (7. 80 %Electronic, Other Electrical Equipment and Components;
Related Services. Other SIC represented include SIC 28 (15%Chemi -cals and Allied Products; SIC 34 (10%,Fabricated Metal Products
and related services 87 50 9. 07 52.45 13 65.00 75.00 Electronic and other electrical equipment and components, except computer equipment 36 43 7. 80 60.25
Business services 73 12 2. 18 83.48 Primary metal industries 33 10 1. 81 85.30
and sanitary services 49 3 0. 54 97.64 Leather and leather products 31 2 0. 36 98.00
Transportation services 47 1 0. 18 99.64 Apparel and accessory stores 56 1 0. 18 99.82
Personal services 72 1 0. 18 100.0 Total 551 20 Table 2 Country of origin: overall sample and technology specialists
-aries†that is, ï rms providing services such as patent evaluation patent monetization and patent management, which might contri
the provision of technical services in technology licensing contracts. J. Dev. Econ. 50 (2), 233†256
Michael Eilan, Israel Business Information Services Consulting, Israel Sirin Elci, Technopolis, Turkey Ilario Favaretto, University of Urbino, Italy
Yacov Fisher, Israel Business Information Services Consulting, Israel Claudia Gonzalez Brambila, Mexican Autonomous Institute of technology, Mexico
creation of a multitude of new products and services in all sectors of the economy, new
and delivering new services that improve the quality of life of individuals and communities and identifying and implementing new labour market
business incubators), collaborative research opportunities, services for knowledge transfer e g. innovation brokers, labour mobility schemes, programmes for the commercialisation
enterprises in provision of social goods and services â Establish social innovation funds, dedicated to specific fields where social innovation is
introducing new products and services and more efficient ways of working. They underpin the adaptation of our economies and societies to new challenges and drive economic
improving products and services and increasing efficiency but also for meeting the job creation challenge of high unemployment.
services is bringing with it new types of non-technological innovation that render economies of scale in R&d far less significant
technologies) from abroad and in exploiting its outputs (products and services, patents licenses, etc. in foreign markets.
news and information services or the introduction of total quality management techniques on the work floor.
with manufacturing, non-technological innovation is equally important to services and manufacturing (European commission, 2007. This is very significant because the services
sector has seen a dramatic rise in its share of economic value added in recent years (rising
The new European union Services Directive is part of a move to redress the balance in Europe by removing legal and administrative barriers to the full
tradability of services within the European Single Market. One of the keys to releasing its
logistics, product service and ancillary corporate services Cohen (2010) calls this the â€oesilicon Valley business modelâ€, for where it first developed
for the entrepreneurial supply of social goods and services This too can be seen as part of the above-mentioned shift from the managed to the
and services such as environmental protection and services to the individual. At the same time many address problems of unemployment and the social problems of poor
Furthermore, whilst many of the goods and services offered through social enterprise and social innovation seek to fill gaps in purely public provision by welfare states, social
products and services and better technologies into the economy Knowledge spillovers New venture creation and knowledge exchanges between knowledge-generating
with users of products and services outside the organisation. The result is innovation with localised usability in addressing problems faced by the firm.
services). ) More information about the OECD PMR Indicators is available at: www. oecd. org/document
products, processes and services by early-growth-stage companies, spin-offs and individual entrepreneurs. These grants can be between AUD 5 000
Service is an AUD 46 million programme that provides low-cost advisory services to small businesses
additional support and advisory services have been provided during the global financial crisis. The Small Business Support Line, also created in response to the crisis,
information and referral that assist with services that include but are limited not to finance and cash-flow
network of services for SMES through two main channels, the Manufacturing Centres and the Innovation
These Centres provide a number of services for SMES, including business reviews at no cost to them.
or services Marketing innovation Organisational innovation Micro 0 20 40 60 %A. Structural indicators on enterprise population, 2006
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged%%Industry Services Total
Micro 529 216 95.8 1 249 603 96.4 96.2 683 000 34.6 1 576 000 35.6 35.3 23.0 37.1 31.1
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged%%Industry Services Total
Micro 44 341 76.8 207 111 90.2 87.5 131 948 14.2 490 288 31.6 25.1 9. 6 26.8 18.8
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged%%Industry Services Total
Micro 93 693 88.7 298 290 93.6 92.4 194 309 21.4 555 404 34.1 29.5 12.2 24.9 19.5
goods or services 0 5 10 15 20 25 %0 0. 5 1. 0 1. 5
range of NRC-IRAP services †including technical and business-oriented advisory services, competitive intelligence, non-repayable financial support,
demand for the programme†s services and financial support has exceeded supply. NRC-IRAP has seen also an increase in demand for more complex multi-year projects
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged %%Micro 136 788 72.1 387 046 73.4 73.1 199 285 7. 1 298 391 6. 6 6. 8
22.4%),environment for business and innovations (35.4%)and business development services (6. 9%).Measures for these priorities include start-up support,
innovation systems, strategic services and R&d function development support, support to projects improving energy efficiency, support to the establishment of training centres, marketing efforts, property development
and consulting and assistance services. In addition, a large component of the programme supports the development of a collaborative environment in which companies can enhance their international
Technology centres and centres of strategic business support services One of the major challenges of the business sector in the Czech economy is to move up the value
This has been pursued mainly through the promotion of business support services especially in sectors of strategic relevance to the Czech economy such as automotive, machinery engineering
services have been targeted at export-oriented companies through subsidies for operation costs and training and retraining schemes
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged%%Industry Services Total
Micro 286 335 93.2 552 982 96.2 95.2 367 788 19.5 675 890 39.0 29.2 10.4 29.8 19.1
the new framework of business services. Their role is to support the creation and expansion of high
advisory services The centres, which have a generalist profile, cooperate with the Trade Council to promote
services, the latter part is devoted to the development of new products and services Programme for user-driven innovation
development of new products, services and concepts, as well as in an increase of the qualifications of the
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged%%Industry Services Total
Micro 48 191 83.3 136 365 88.4 87.0 103 805 16.1 254 254 212 21.7 19.7 14.5 27.6 22.7
goods or services Denmark SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010 59 2. FINLAND Finland
materials and equipment, external services. At each stage, the funding decision involves external panel evaluation, and only 10-20 businesses per year are expected to reach the third phase of financing
target innovative start-ups in the clean tech, energy, services and welfare areas SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 201060
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged%%Industry Services Total
Micro 61 546 89.9 136 752 94.1 92.8 96 059 16.7 204 320 27.9 23.0 11.4 28.5 19.4
goods or services Difficulty in finding co-operation partners for innovation 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged%%Industry Services Total
Micro 628 371 89.8 1 757 870 94.2 93.0 1 200 393 21.6 2 473 272 25.9 24.3 15.1 26.4 22.0
and to advance their ideas for products and services. The entrepreneurs receive a subsistence grant from EUR 800 to EUR 2 500 per month for a maximum period of
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged%%Industry Services Total
Micro 311 230 72.7 1 199 186 86.2 83.0 1 064 132 11.7 3 179 320 24.3 19.1 6. 0
manufacturing sector and software industry, in buying innovative consulting services and know-how from so-called â€oeinnovation agentsâ€,
and exchanged for consulting services from the innovation agents The applications are selected on the basis of their date of registration and availability of funds in the
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged%%Industry Services Total
Micro 91 979 96.4 6 049 12 96.8 96.8 189 207 44.0 1 137 990 60.3 57.2 27.3 38.2 35.1
goods or services SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010 67 2. HUNGARY Hungary In Hungary, the total expenditure on research and development was HUF 245.7 billion in 2007;
this programme, SMES receive information and orientation services on industrial property protection and HPO has been able to bolster its existing regional partner network,
services. The grant scheme was announced in mid-2008 by the National Office for Research and
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged%%Industry Services Total
Micro 117 391 89.8 399 447 95.7 94.3 229 320 21.5 679 206 44.7 35.2 7. 2 27.8 15.1
goods or services SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION  OECD 2010 69 2. ICELAND Iceland Icetec †Icelandic Technological Institute
Industry Services Total No. firms%No. firms %%Micro 5 620 89.6 9 226 90.5 90.1
goods or services SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010 71 2. IRELAND Ireland Creating a leading innovative economy has been identified as a key priority of The irish government
most of the projects focus on software engineering, services and food iv) Innovation Vouchers †The voucher initiative offers businesses with limited experience of R&d the chance
and ultimately the development of new products and services. A total of EUR 10 million is available for the scheme.
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged%%Industry Services Total
Micro1 2 556 46.8 74 758 84.0 81.8 13 020 5. 7 210 474 25.1 20.9 2. 1 21.4 12.8
goods or services SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010 73 2. ITALY Italy Promoting the design of large innovative industrial projects is one of the most important recent
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged%%Industry Services Total
Micro 1 009 128 89.1 2 679 560 96.6 94.4 2 428 034 36.1 4 840 805 54.6 46.6 21.3
goods or services Firms with new to -market product innovations SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010 75
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total Industry %%%No. engaged %%%Micro1 117 231 45.4 725 025 8. 4 4. 0
aims through the provision of services such as a technology guarantee scheme, technology appraisal technologically innovative business certification, and business support
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %%%No. engaged%%%Industry Services Total Micro1 59 223 49.4 377 100 12.9 5. 4
Small 51 674 43.1 1 020 169 34.9 19.9 Medium 7 621 6. 4 6 800 83 23.2 20.2
It can offer its entire range of services to all sectors (including SMES) of the Luxembourg economy.
These services include information and assistance on all forms of innovation and business start-ups. It also manages a number of pilot projects such as
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged%%Industry Services Total
Micro 699 66.8 18 326 90.0 88.9 1 859 5. 0 24 812 24.7 19.4 2. 8 44.1 31.6
goods or services Markets dominated by established enterprises SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010 81
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged %%Micro 315 727 91.2 2 158 750 96.9 96.1 827 308 16.7 4 590 833 56.3 41.3
procedure, SMES (in the manufacturing and services sectors) can apply for a voucher at the Innovation
and can be used by SMES to buy services from public technology and innovation centres, for example for a feasibility study or for answering a specific technological problem
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged%%Industry Services Total
Micro 114 175 85.6 367 860 90.4 89.2 308 026 23.9 1 233 220 31.2 29.4 13.4 24.1 20.6
research and development in projects that result in new products, processes and services. It is administered by the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology (FRST.
and offers a range of programmes, services and events Better By design operates out of New zealand Trade and Enterprise, New Zealand†s national economic
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %%%Micro 67 447 91.0 229 204 94.1 93.3 799 84 19.6 180 850 21.8 21.1
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged%%Industry Services Total
Micro 53 852 88.5 172 554 92.6 91.6 92 572 19.8 259 157 30.1 26.5 27.0 33.5 29.8
the main services charged with enforcing IPR, and to increase international co-operation in such
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged%%Industry Services Total
Micro 376 230 92.5 1 048 190 97.3 96.0 905 309 23.3 2 220 284 50.9 37.9 10.7 32.8 21.3
goods or services Markets dominated by established enterprises SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010 91
production of new products and services and at the organisational, strategic or market innovation level
provide technical or technological services can receive financing of up to EUR 25 000 (nonrefundable incentive
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged%%Industry Services Total
Micro 194 120 88.5 625 593 96.6 94.5 395 591 29.7 993 417 49.9 41.8 16.2 29.6 24.2
The services provided by the Seed Capital Company include the provision of share capital, follow-up financing, guaranteed and non-guaranteed
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged%%Industry Services Total
Micro 7 584 54.5 34 697 79.0 73.1 34 050 6. 3 111 907 24.6 14.6 4. 4 27.0 14.2
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged%%Industry Services Total
Micro 587 972 85.8 1 923 591 94.9 92.6 1 636 784 29.5 3 819 307 43.8 38.3 18.9 34.6 27.5
goods or services SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010 97 2. SWEDEN Sweden National policy addressing innovative entrepreneurship
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged%%Industry Services Total
Micro 123 984 90.8 403 634 95.1 94.1 202 034 17.6 500 492 29.0 24.4 10.9 27.9 20.3
Services for students include semester courses to orient the students for entrepreneurship and workshops where important tools for prospective entrepreneurs are
For existing start-ups, Venturelab gives five-day intensive courses and advisory services. Finally Venturelab offers entrepreneurs the possibility to participate in a networking workshop in Boston
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged %%Micro 57 569 95.1 160 019 98.6 97.7 201 510 19.4 547 436 36.3 29.4
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged%%Industry Services Total
Micro 383 577 93.8 1 889 647 99.1 98.1 1 113 081 32.5 3 512 942 75.9 57.4 12.2 44.4 28.2
goods or services Firms with new to -market product innovations Lack of funds within enterprise or enterprise group
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged%%Industry Services Total
Micro 332 909 85.0 1 135 703 88.8 87.9 884 252 18.8 3 014 077 22.5 21.5 13.1 21.3 18.4
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total No. firms%No. firms %%%Micro 852 946 74.7 2 489 243 78.3 77.4 1 392 813 20.6 1 137 356 7. 1 11.1
technical innovation in their products, services or processes. It consists of offering loans, ranging from
consultancy services to micro and small enterprises, supports the attendance of small entrepreneurs at meetings and internships,
of new innovative products or services. It was launched by the Estonian Ministry of Economic Affairs and
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged%%Industry Services Total
Micro 9 059 71.5 31 433 88.7 84.2 31 415 15.8 77 504 32.4 24.8 10.3 28.7 20.5
Biotechnology put together ethical policies on the human genome, genetic research, and services overseeing basic research activities,
genetically modified products and services Technopreneur Promotion Programme Another major public policy initiative for funding innovation is the Technopreneur Promotion Programme
provide integrated services in the areas of technology, human resource capacity building, business network development,
products, processes and services. In the context of international co-operation incentives ME measures aim
Industry Services Total Industry Services Total %No. firms%No. firms%%No. engaged%No. engaged%%Industry Services Total
Micro 31 384 89.6 61 114 94.4 92.7 63 600 19.8 111 149 38.6 28.7 14.1 31.4 22.6
Sections C to I and K and is subdivided into Industry (Sections C, D, E and F) and Services
Sections G h i and K). Totals refer to Industry and Services, although it is not always
and F. Services includes ISIC Rev. 3 categories G h i and K 2. SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION:
and F and Services includes categories G h i and K. For Total employment and Value added
and F. Services includes categories G h i and K Belgium: In Table A, for Number of enterprises, Total employment and Value added
and F. Services includes NACE categories G h i and K Canada: In Table A, for Number of business establishments, Industry includes NAICS
2002 categories 21,22, 23 and 31-33 while Services includes NAICS 2002 categories 42 44-45,48-49,53, 54,56 and 72.
categories 21,22, 23 and 31-33 while Services includes NAICS 2002 categories 42,44-45 48-49,53, 56 and 72
E and F and Services includes categories G H, I and K Denmark: In Table A, for Number of enterprises, Industry includes NACE categories C, D
E and F and Services includes categories G h i and K. For Total employment Industry and
and F. Services includes categories G h i and K Estonia: In Table A, for Number of enterprises, Industry includes NACE categories C, D
E and F and Services includes categories G h i and K. For Total employment and Value
E and F while Services includes G h i and K Finland: In Table A, for Number of enterprises, Industry includes NACE categories C, D, E
and F and Services includes categories G h i and K. For Total employment and Value added
and F. Services includes categories G h i and K France: In Table A, for Number of enterprises, Industry includes NACE categories D, E and
F and Services includes categories G h i and K. For Total employment and Value added Industry includes NACE categories C, D, E,
and F. Services includes categories G h i and K Germany: In Table A, for Number of enterprises, Total employment, Industry includes
and F. Services includes NACE categories G h i and K. For Value added Industry includes NACE categories C,
D and F. Services includes categories G h i and K Greece: In Table A, for Number of enterprises, Total employment and Value added
and E. Services includes NACE categories G h i and K Hungary: In Table A, for Number of enterprises and Total employment, Industry
E and F. Services includes NACE categories G h i and K. For Value added, Industry includes NACE categories D,
E and F. Services includes categories H I and K Iceland: In Table A, for Number of enterprises, Industry includes NACE categories C, D
E and F. Services includes NACE categories G h i and K Ireland: In Table A, for Number of enterprises, Total employment and Value added
and D. Services includes NACE categories G h i and K Italy: In Table A, for Number of enterprises, Total employment and Value added, Industry
and F. Services includes NACE categories G h i and K Japan: In Table A, for all variables, Industry includes ISIC Rev. 3 category D. Services is
not available Korea: In Table A, for Number of establishments, Total employment and Value added
and D. Services is not available SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010 129 2. SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION:
C, D and E and Services includes categories G h i and K. For Total employment and for
and Services includes categories G and K Mexico: In Table A, for Number of establishments and Total employment, Industry
and F. Services includes NACE categories G, H and K Netherlands: In Table A, for Number of enterprises, Industry includes NACE categories
and F. Services includes NACE categories G h i and K New zealand: In Table A, for Number of enterprises and Number of employees
and F. Services includes ISIC Rev. 3 categories G h i and K Norway: In Table A, for Number of enterprises, Total employment and Value added
and F. Services includes ISIC Rev. 3 categories G h i and K Poland: In Table A, for Number of enterprises, Total employment and Value added
and F. Services includes NACE categories G h i and K Portugal: In Table A, for Number of enterprises, Industry includes NACE categories C
Services includes NACE categories G h i and K Slovak Republic: In Table A, for Number of enterprises, Total employment and Value
and F. Services includes NACE categories G, I and K Slovenia: In Table A, for Number of enterprises, Industry includes NACE categories C
D, E and F and Services includes categories G h i and K. For Total Employment and Value
and F while Services includes G h i and K Spain: In Table A, for Number of enterprises, Total employment and Value added, Industry
and F. Services includes NACE categories G h i and K Sweden: In Table A, for Number of enterprises, Total employment and Value added
and F. Services includes NACE categories G h i and K Switzerland: In Table A, for Number of enterprises and Total employment, Industry
and F. Services includes ISIC Rev. 3 categories G h i and K Turkey: In Table A, for Number of enterprises and Value added, Industry includes NACE
and F and Services includes NACE categories G h i and K. For Total employment NACE categories C, D and F and Services includes NACE categories G, H and I
United kingdom: In Table A, for Number of enterprises, Total employment and Value added, Industry includes NACE categories C, D, E,
and F. Services includes NACE categories G h i and K United states: In Table A, for Number of enterprises, Industry includes ISIC Rev. 3
and F. Services includes ISIC Rev. 3 categories G h i and K. For number of employees, Industry includes ISIC Rev. 3 categories C, E,
and F. Services includes ISIC Rev. 3 categories H and K SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010130
in both manufacturing and services. The following sections make the argument that knowledge flows underpin the industrial agglomeration process and the vitality of an
7. Incubation activities that provide facilities, business services and administrative support to new innovative efforts
9. Provision of technology-oriented consultancy services (e g. technology transfer university-based technology centres assessing commercialisation opportunities, etc
empirical evidence on the uneven distribution of US firms in knowledge-intensive services KISA firms tend to concentrate in a limited number of US States,
-intensive services firms (dark grey areas) are found in a large area of California including San francisco, Los angeles and San diego,
services jointly developed with PRO; employment of high-skilled workforce; co-funding of research activities Government Express strategic research
services and organisational methods Cross-border alliances The importance of local networking is recognised well within innovation systems and
exploit new products and services, and higher education institutions can play an important supporting function through the transfer of knowledge.
The two together provide a number of services for SMES including no-cost business reviews for the identification of market opportunities and
international networking by setting up legal services or guarantee schemes, or by organising study visits and business forums for local entrepreneurs.
high-tech manufacturing and knowledge-intensive services introduced in the section on the spatial concentration of innovative industries
grow and there will be a marked shift towards business services jobs in advanced SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010164
engineering services can be crucial for radical innovation in manufacturing and services sectors (Martinez-Fernandez and Miles, 2006
different ethnic groups (e g. communications by a customer representative selling products/services in different countries, capacity to incorporate cultural differences in negotiations
Green Specific skills to modify products, services or operations due to climate change adjustments requirements or regulations (e g. water purification and site remediation planning/engineering in
More than two-thirds have established dedicated start-up support services, in the form of entrepreneurship centres and technology transfer units,
Business counselling activities are found in professional services such as financial, marketing, legal, personnel development, training, recruitment and
business management services. Examples from this group include the provision of management skills for integrating e-commerce into the core business.
innovation in products or services or the protection and commercialisation of new intellectual property. Another example could be the training of key personnel in knowledge
management for commercialisation of new products and services through public support such was the case with the COMET programme in Australia (see Chapter 2, p. 48
and on the way the services are offered (Hall and Lansbury, 2006 The concept of skill ecosystems directs attention to the interdependency of multiple
services Formaper activities are aimed at providing technical assistance to private and public sector development through active involvement in international co-operation projects
Typical assignments include delivering tailored training and support services for the following fields of expertise
Technology Services in Australia, University of Western Sydney, Sydney Martinez-Fernandez, C. and L. Martinez-Solano,(eds.
KISA) in Software Innovationâ€, International Journal of Services Technology and Management, IJSTM Special Issue, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 109-173
Muller, E. and A. Zenker (2001), â€oebusiness Services as Actors of Knowledge Transformation: The Role of
providing goods and services, obviously also has a social impact †and a social entrepreneur is that social entrepreneurs create their business in order to produce a
nonprofits that won a regional auction for provision of healthcare services to old and disadvantaged people;
mission is to provide health services, but in conjunction with preventing illness through a wider approach to the different factors influencing illness (poor housing and diet
focuses not only on providing healthcare services, but also on addressing wider health issues, such as poor housing and diet.
but where services are needed most by a local population that is not always in a position to pay for the services that traditional for-profit
business would provide at a higher price. In fact, as social enterprises can mix their financial resources combining public subsidies, grants and donations, market revenues
and (limited) voluntary work, they can provide services at a lower, more affordable, price SIEL Beu (Box 5. 6) is a French social enterprise promoted by Ashoka, an organisation
physical activities in the workplace demonstrates the importance of the services it delivers. Focusing on preventative health has the result of reducing public spending on
and guidance services free of charge to all (students and non-students alike A wide range of courses in practical, specialised fields in fashion and art design (garment
have access to the services regardless of their financial situation A new development for Silai for Skills is an â€oeenterprise unit†in which current and past
and because of the quality of the services offered by SIEL Bleu, The french government has lent its support to the services offered by the association
Social innovation â€oethe financial and economic crisis makes creativity and innovation in general and social innovation in particular even more important to foster sustainable growth
annual budget by selling its services to institutional care providers; and develop a well -trained staff.
insurance companies that help to pay for SIEL Bleu†s services. Moreover, SIEL Bleu makes sure to keep its costs low
is need in of its services but is unable to pay for them, the association works with the
new services that improve the quality of life of individuals and communities identifying and implementing new labour market integration processes, new
sustainable employment, provision of services of general interest and so on. The local authorities play a direct role here in the local development dynamics by supporting
will increasingly require fundamental improvements in public services, and social innovation is critical to this process (NESTA, 2008a.
housing-related programmes and services promoting home ownership, educating renters and landlords, improving existing housing stock,
Currently, they provide direct services to more than 10 000 low-income households annually Asset building for low-income people programmes have also been developed in
significant local difficulties, including a lack of basic services such as water, electricity, transport a health services, the Association of Residents of Conjunto Palmeiras proposed a community bank as way
helping themselves Palmas Bank has three main characteristics: management responsibilities are borne by the commun there is an integrated system of local development that promotes credit, production, commercialisat
community, e g. commerce, industry and services, to exchange currency each time it is necessary replenish stocks of products that are produced not in the neighbourhood
community benefits of consuming local goods and services, and the wider benefits of the solidar
services through social innovation. The work of The Lab is divided into three distinct parts Challenge Lab looks at the contribution innovation can make to services, with an initial
SMES, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Â OECD 2010204 5. SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SOCIAL INNOVATION focus on ageing, health and climate change;
benefit of the community through the provision of goods and services, in the USA they are seen as
and services that cater directly to basic human needs that remain unsatisfied by current economic or social institutions. â€
social entrepreneurship involves the offering of services and products but can also refer to the creation of new organisations. †(p. 37
â identifying and delivering new services that improve the quality of life of individuals and communities â identifying and implementing new labour market integration processes, new competencies, new
and from new lifestyles to new products and services. We have also suggested a somewhat narrower definition
Innovative activities and services that are motivated by the goal of meeting a social need and that
â â€oenew ideas (products, services and models) developed to fulfil unmet social needs â many of those supported by the public sector, others by community groups and voluntary
and delivery of services â social innovation can either spread throughout a profession or sector †like education or healthcare
served or unresolved by services organised by the state. Social innovation can take place inside or
programmes, services for knowledge transfer and joint technology foresight activities and responses â Stimulate local knowledge flows by involving SMES in interactive learning networks,
services and technologies with growth potential 5. SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SOCIAL INNOVATION ing ges ng
providing knowledge-intensive services activities, such as through innovation voucher programmes SMES â Strengthen the contribution of local skills ecosystems to entrepreneurship and SME development throu
in provision of social goods and services â Establish social innovation funds in specific fields where social innovation is needed or to supp
maximise profits on existing products and services Innovation system The actors, institutions and relationships which interact in the production, diffusion
development, legal services, computing and information technology and marketing. The engagement of SMES with providers of KISAS supports their learning and innovation
through the production of goods and services. They come in a variety of legal forms. They
often provide personal and welfare services and training and integration into employment of persons excluded from the labour market
services that improve the quality of life and welfare of individuals and communities, both as consumers and producers.
Technology centres and centres of strategic business support services Denmark Regional Centres of Growth (Vaeksthuse
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