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3 http://www. digiworldsummit. com. 10 The Innovation Biosphere Google has evolved from search engine to many other services related to data collected from users
As a result, we often have to change our devices because the hardware, operating system, applications, interfaces,
Search engines lack relevancy and flexibility. Ecosia is supposed to be an eco-engine, but it also adopted the advertisement-based business model.
The search engine facilitates consulting in three ways: by person, by organizational entity (directorate or department) and by hierarchical order.
and evolving IC management systems empowered by analogy-based search engines and natural language processing. Such an effective job finder is also a new profession.
DVI 08 DVIR R.,Openfutures an operating system for future centers, Innovation Ecology, available at http://innovationecology. com/Publications/open-futures. html, 2008.
The evolution of technology, communication and cognition towards the future of human computer interaction, Ambient Intelligence, Emerging Communication, IOS Press, vol. 6, available at http://www. neurovr. org/emerging
From Understanding Principles to Solving Problems, IOS Pr Inc, 2010, TOK 15 TOKORO M.,The Second International Symposium on Open Energy Systems, DCOES:
This specific process describes the creation and publishing of process documentations in a role-based, process-oriented software system.
This distinguishes these activities from, for example,‘open source'software (Android, Linux, for example), and‘platforms'on which others provide products or services (itunes, for example).
Google's strategy is for its Android operating system to be part of an‘open'element of its value chain (something
and memory to hold operating systems becomes faster and cheaper. The concept of wireless is no longer a feature
We os. This cil. result the his eing 7, . 6 in this 2015 ACTION PLAN FOR JOBS 85 7. Entrepreneurship Central bank research shows that startup companies in the first five years of existence account for two thirds of all new jobs
The Proper Balance Of Competition And Patent Law And Policy, 2003 available at http://www. ftc. gov/os/2003/10/innovationrpt. pdf. Presentations by Bruno van Pottelsberghe
when considering the amount of funding that Europe is pouring into the R&d efforts of research and technology organisations (RTOS) and universities through framework programmes and other funds.
Since 2004, Google Scholar has provided a freely-accessible Web search engine that indexes the full text of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines.
'‘Access to the Web information is done mainly through search engines. These intermediaries are free, universal, and very powerful even when considering their shortcomings (coverage limitations and biases, lack of transparency, commercial secrets and strategies, irregular behaviour).
Search engines are important for measuring visibility and impact of university's websites. There are a limited number of sources that can be useful for Webometric purposes:
7 general search engines (Google*,Yahoo Search*,Live (MSN) Search*,Exalead*,Ask (Teoma), Gigablast and Alexa) and 2 specialised scientific databases (Google Scholar*and Live Academic.
the four indicators were obtained from the quantitative results provided by the main search engines as follows: Size (S). Number of pages recovered from four engines:
'‘The only source for the data of the Webometrics Ranking is a small set of globally available, free access search engines.
Lifespring, India-Lifespring chose Red hat Enterprise Linux, JBOSS Enterprise Middleware, and a number of Red hat certified, enterprise-class, open source software solutions to build its entire IT infrastructure.
an open-source tool for mobile data collection and loaded it onto an Android Smartphone that the Community Health Workers (CHWS) carry when visiting patients.
It is available under the MIT license in 32-bit and 64-bit versions for Windows, GNU/Linux-based OSES,
and MAC OS X. 4. Book Sprint http://booksprints-for-ict-research. eu Book Sprint is a collaborative process that brings together a small group of people to develop
A good Internet search engine informs us better. Life itself is the great instructor and each individual has his or her own favourite pastime for entertainment (for some people, of course,
and overall with SMES usually tagging along as minor partners in the wake of dominant RTOS,
Poland improved port procedures by launching a new terminal operating system at the port of Gdansk.
Poland Poland launched a new terminal operating system at the port of Gdansk. Introduced or improved risk-based inspections Uruguay Uruguay implemented a risk-based inspection system that reduced customs clearance time.
In doinso, Doinbusinss os bond thtrditionl dfinition of tx. As dfind for thpurposs of ovrnmnt ntionl ccounts, txs includonlcompulsor, unrquitd pmnts to nrl ov-rnmnt.
Trading across borders Poland made trading across borders easier by implementing a new terminal operating system at the port of Gdansk. 162 DOING BUSINESS 2015 Portugal Paying taxes Portugal made paying taxes less costly for companies by reducing the corporate income tax rate
In the area of implementation, standards can act as the middle ground where coordination between different software systems is needed.
often by a single vendor with a large market share (for example, the Windows Operating system). Open standards, on the other hand,
and ensure that there can be mutual understanding between software systems. 3. 2. 1 Messaging Standards One of the limitations of certain messaging standards is that they conflate process (services) and content (documents),
The number of apps for Android has risen at roughly the same pace. Games are considered still to be the most lucrative apps.
understanding operating system, programmes, and data; managing files. Intermediate computer skills (sample: performing basic functions of common productivity programmes (word processing, spreadsheet, presentation;
privacy controls) Search engine basics (e g. keyword search, filtering) CSS basics (e g. fonts, positioning) Collaboration (e g. co-creation, wikis) Security basics (e g.
blogging, social media management basic understanding of search engine optimization (SEO) 135 Technology management: picking the right management information system (MIS) ability to assess rapidly changing technology tools integrating technology tools into business operations software updates data security
mentorship is perceived as the fundamental component needed to close the developer-entrepreneur gap. 135 Search engine Optimization (SEO) involves the implementation of techniques
and tactics used to increase the amount of visitors to a website by obtaining a high-ranking placement in the search results pages of internet search engines such as Google,
Firefox, Yahoo and other search engines. SEO helps to ensure that a site is accessible to a search engine
and improves the chances that the site will be found by the search engine. 136 Jonathan Kalan, Why Jordan Looks More Like Kenya than Silicon valley,(wamda. com, November 21, 2012), www. wamda. com/2012/11/why-jordan
-looks-more-like-kenya-than-silicon-valley. Digital opportunities: Innovative ICT solutions for youth employment 39 Micromentor is an initiative of the nonprofit humanitarian agency Mercy Corps that offers free online guidance to entrepreneurs
It is available under the MIT license in 32-bit and 64-bit versions for Windows, GNU/Linux-based OSES,
and MAC OS X. 4. Book Sprint http://booksprints-for-ict-research. eu Book Sprint is a collaborative process that brings together a small group of people to develop
On the level of platforms for client operating systems such as Windows and Android, open standards have fostered innovation by allowing technologies like web browsers to be implemented over different underlying platforms,
Google has developed the open source Android operating system and spawned innovation in applications worldwide; Facebook has enabled the building of thousands of apps
TOP-DOWN GRASSROOTS, DISTRIBUTED COLLABORATION, SOCIAL VALUES Commercial social networks/markets (FB, Apple, Android...Federated Social networks (Diaspora...
when typing‘social innovation'into search engines. It hosts a community of practitioners with about 5000 registered members
They use participatory leadership practices as their operating system and have succeeded in formulating solid recommendations for the improvement of one of the institution's core processes,
and open-source software such as the Linux operating system, the Mozilla Firefox browser, and the Apache web server.
200 Liftshare 198 Limited liability Partnerships (LLPS) 65 Linux 139 Live Work 31 London Climate Change Agency 158 Mapping 17-19
Often, this authority is a natural consequence of the leader being the founder of the project, such as Linus Torvalds for Linux or Jimmy wales for Wikipedia.
like Linux, invest one developer (or a subgroup of developers) with the authority to accept
with 80%of paid Android apps being downloaded fewer than 100 times. In addition, they noted that even successful apps, such as Mycityway81
or Android) as a kind of regulated monopoly able to ensure some basic services at European level,
It asks questions about Open source and the Linux phenomenon in the same breath as Schumpeter's (942) oversubscribed creative destruction from IBM to Microsoft to Google.
or, Linux and The Nature of the Firm, Yale Law Journal, Vol 2, pp 369-446.30) REDEN:
An unlocked Android phone with touch screen, Wifi and GPS that sold for $300 four years ago now costs $30,
and in fact, private institutions have near-monopolies over social networks and search engine data, giving them nearly exclusive access to the data
such as Linux (Openwrt) or Freebsd. A Community-Lab node consists of two or three devices:
and Android app that helps people to understand the soundscape around and to help live a healthier life.
the creator of Linux. Over time, Github's mission evolved from offering a paradigm 116 shift in the way programmers had coded largely in isolation to something more.
Homebrew a platform used by developers to make code run more smoothly with the MAC OS was the most heavily trafficked project on Github in 2012.
Github uses Git, a multi-platform version control application created for use by developers of the Linux kernel,
It would not be possible without a huge number of open source programmes, tools and resources, such as Twitter Bootstrap and Linux.
Opencorporates is built on the Rubyonrails framework, uses the Mysql and Neo4j databases, on servers running Linux.
From the circuit schematics to the applications and the operating system, anyone can examine and contribute online.
The Foundation provides a version of Debian Linux that presents users with a basic text login rather than a slick GUI 188 by default
with the entire operating system and user files stored on a swappable SD card. How has technology enable that was not possible before?
with a separate version available for Android smartphones. Type of organisation The Tor Project is a US 501 (c)( 3) nonprofit dedicated to research, development,
An unlocked Android phone with touch screen, Wifi and GPS that sold for $300 four years ago now costs $30,
and in fact, private institutions have near-monopolies over social networks and search engine data, giving them nearly exclusive access to the data
such as Linux (Openwrt) or Freebsd. A Community-Lab node consists of two or three devices:
and Android app that helps people to understand the soundscape around and to help live a healthier life.
the creator of Linux. Over time, Github's mission evolved from offering a paradigm 116 shift in the way programmers had coded largely in isolation to something more.
Homebrew a platform used by developers to make code run more smoothly with the MAC OS was the most heavily trafficked project on Github in 2012.
Github uses Git, a multi-platform version control application created for use by developers of the Linux kernel,
It would not be possible without a huge number of open source programmes, tools and resources, such as Twitter Bootstrap and Linux.
Opencorporates is built on the Rubyonrails framework, uses the Mysql and Neo4j databases, on servers running Linux.
From the circuit schematics to the applications and the operating system, anyone can examine and contribute online.
The Foundation provides a version of Debian Linux that presents users with a basic text login rather than a slick GUI 188 by default
with the entire operating system and user files stored on a swappable SD card. How has technology enable that was not possible before?
with a separate version available for Android smartphones. Type of organisation The Tor Project is a US 501 (c)( 3) nonprofit dedicated to research, development,
The new social operating system. The MIT Press. Ratto, R, and Robert Ree,"Materializing information: 3d printing and social change,"First Monday, Vol. 17, No. 7-2, 2012.
and accounting management software systems that enhance organisational and management capabilities, while at the same time reduce the high costs associated with managing SMES.
An oft-given example is the Linux Foundation. Open source involves collaboration between firms, suppliers, customers,
The research centres in Telecommunications Software systems Group and Separation Science would be regarded particularly well. While much of WIT's enterprise interactions involve companies from outside the South East region it does have a number of engagements with firms in the region,
The Telecommunications Software systems Group (TSSG) in WIT has been identified as a world class research facility, with the capability to significantly underpin the Priority Area of Future Networks and Communication.
Telecommunications Software systems Group (TSSG) Based at the WIT, the centre for Telecommunications Software and Systems Group (TSSG) is a major source of research strength for the region and nationally.
On the level of platforms for client operating systems such as Windows and Android, open standards have fostered innovation by allowing technologies like web browsers to be implemented over different underlying platforms,
Google has developed the open source Android operating system and spawned innovation in applications worldwide; Facebook has enabled the building of thousands of apps
TOP-DOWN GRASSROOTS, DISTRIBUTED COLLABORATION, SOCIAL VALUES Commercial social networks/markets (FB, Apple, Android...Federated Social networks (Diaspora...
A Tudomány-Innováció Program 2015-re köztes célként 1, 5%-os K+F-intenzitást tuzött ki (az átfogóbb, 2011-es Új
0, 69%-os szintre emelkedett. Magyarországon 2003 és 2007 között a vállalati szektor teljes K+F-ráfordítását (BERD) tekintve csökkent a külföldrol befelé irányuló üzleti kutatás-fejlesztési
Magyarországnak a hetedik keretprogram keretében a 21,5%-os uniós átlaghoz közeli, 20,4%-os sikerhányada volt a pályázók száma alapján, és 2011 közepéig 681
A tudományos publikációk legtöbbet hivatkozott 10%-ába a magyar tudományos publikációknak mindössze 5%-a tartozik bele, szemben a 11,6%-os uniós átlaggal.
60 3. 4. 1 Use of software systems for internal process integration...60 3. 4. 2 Use of ICT for cooperative and collaborative business processes...
thus optimising the flow of information and documents in and between companies, taking advantages of the increased diffusion of advanced e-business software systems.
(EU-7) weighted by employment Use of specific software systems for transport & logistics management Specific software solutions for the TLS sector, such as Cargo Handling Technology,
and ITMS (see Section 3. 4).%of companies*using specific transport & logistics software systems 16 3 12 20 31 29 8 22 35 43 12
On the other hand, in some other areas, European companies appear to be more active using specific software systems like Warehouse Management Maintenance Management Systems (MMS.
LINUX, for example, will be preferred the operating system and Postgresql the preferred database. The complete user interface is based browser,
This allows for the use of existing network structures and inexpensive personal computers with almost any operating system as workplace computer.
Web server and server operating systems are the top two areas, with two-thirds of firms using alternatives like Apache,
Tomcat, or Linux. 85 The E-business Watch 2007 sectoral study confirmed that operating systems (including Linux) based on OSS are used widely by large companies (nearly 50%).86 Exhibit 3. 3-3
Special emphasis should be put on the deployment of OS Software in micro and small enterprises
30 35 40 45 50 TL (EU-7) 10-49 50-249 250+Open source operating system Open source databases Open source browsers Base (100%:
scalable and reliable solution suitable for running a company's most critical core business processes. 3. 4. 1 Use of software systems for internal process integration Specific software applications
Exhibit 3. 4-1 Use of e-business software systems Companies having Transport & logistics sector (TLS) an ERP system an SCM system a CRM system a software application to manage the placing
while in some other areas, US companies appear to be more active using specific software systems, like cargo handling technology and intermodal transportation management systems.
Thus, the existing ICT infrastructure and e-business software systems analysed in the preceding sections led the TLS sector to a situation in
and improve the transport document management for CEMAT and its customers. 3. 4 Internal Process Integration 3. 4. 1 Use of software systems for internal process integration E-business in the transport & logistics
SCM, WMS and ICT links with suppliers 3. 4. 1 Use of software systems for internal process integration Case study 11:
a commitment towards innovative retailing and ticket solutions 3. 4. 1 Use of software systems for internal process integration Case study 12:
The operating system is Microsoft windows NT for PC's & PC Net Servers and HP-UX for RISC machines.
ICT Infrastructure and E-business software systems B: Automated data exchange (Project 1)/ E-business with customers and suppliers (Project 2) C:
-Bearingpoint eircom Helix Health Hewlett packard Financial services IBEC IMEC Technologies Irish Software Assocation isoft Lincor Solutions MANITEX Silicon & Software systems (S3) Sláinte
i e. in the databases of the health care provider or regional databases and will be accessed through the central search engine
There are also search engines that help to find courses, for example the Course Locator (there is a charge) http://www. thecourselocator. co. uk/.Innovation Support Agencies and Programmes Department for Trade and Industry:
either away"by the search engines or too variable to be useful (e g. planet or planets);
*The wildcard tells the search engine to match all characters after it, preserving keyword slots and increasing coverage by 50%or more;
Simple way to ensure the search engines evaluate your query in the way you want, from left to right e g.("
"issue query to full Boolean search engine or metasearcher-full-Boolean engines give you this control;
and standard search engines never find it. Traditional search engines create their indices by spidering or crawling surface Web pages.
To be discovered, the page must be linked static and to other pages. Traditional search engines can not"see
"or retrieve content in the deep Web-those pages do not exist until they are created dynamically as the result of a specific search.
Because traditional search engine crawlers can not probe beneath the surface, the deep Web has heretofore been hidden.
To put these findings in perspective one has to consider that the search engines with the largest number of Web pages indexed (such as Google) index no more than sixteen per cent of the surface Web.
when they use such search engines, Internet searchers are therefore searching only 0. 03%--or one in 3,
Implementing an Enterprise resource planning Software system Better stock management Better warehouse management Larger product rotation (First in, First Out) Accounting Warehousing Sales Financial Logistics Commercial"Innosupport:
otherwise the search engine may not be able to perceive the real key word. Example-Links The most widely used and well known search engines:"
"Innosupport: Supporting Innovation in SMES"-12.1. Literature searches page 249 of 271 http://www. google. com http://www. alltheweb. com http://www. msn. com http://www. yahoo
but in order to find the required information it is advisable as the first step to use the Internet search engine,
or phrase of the sought information (in case of a search engine) select from the offered/obtained information
LZA EI, 2003.206 lpp Web links The most widely used and well known search engines: http://www. google. com http://www. alltheweb. com http://www. msn. com http://www. yahoo. com Databases http://www. census
and accounting management software systems that enhance organisational and management capabilities, while at the same time reduce the high costs associated with managing SMES.
analysis uj L Ultimate average life span aj L Accumulated average life span s n Number of segments in the SIC os n Segment
Based on open ICT software systems, prototypes and applications have been developed for activities such as truck access control, dynamic tunnel access control,
One example is the open architecture of computer operating systems in the software industry. Businesses within the pharmaceutical industry are looking to different models for addressing human needs in developed as well as developing countries.
which requires search engines to delete certain links based on individual requests, is likely to raise compliance costs significantly.
Another example is the right to be forgotten rule implemented by the European union. 186 The rule allows citizens to request that any information about them held by search engines be removed. 187 Such a rule might sound good in theory,
Thus the web service, at its inception, was coupled to the software (Apple's ios) and its hardware, the ipod originally,
Apple was the first to do it followers are Google with Android and the various Android-based apps stores (with a Google smart phone or tablet possibly soon),
Japanese future robotics research is fixated on android services robots for a potential future in care and domestic service, for its aging population,
and is still based on open source software for the World wide web, the internet communications and management protocols and the majority of web server operating systems (Forge, 2004).
This may be permitted explicitly, for instance with open source software licences of the UNIX BSD type. A major example is Apple's ios and Macos
which are based on developments from an open source operating system from Carnegie mellon University, Mach 3. 0. Note that where there are grey areas in the uses of IPR for web services
and their related devices (as in the web service provider verticalization model-see Appendix on business models) then major disputes are increasingly common between the dominant players,
This is the case in the Oracle plea against Google in April/May 2012 over the use of the Java language to write APIS for the Android operating system. 21 Patent pools may be used where a standard complex technology is being assembled
and limits vary with the licence the BSD24 Unix type of licence is the most open permitting any use of any part of the code for commercial purposes,
Perhaps it is for this reason that three of the most important operating systems in the world are, in their fundamentals, based on open source injections of IPR from various versions of the Unix operating system.
These are Apple's ios (whose origins lie in Steve jobs'Next Nextstep operating system, based on the MACH kernel from Carnegie mellon University, with Freebsd source code extensions), Linux,
and Google's Android. We may expect this importance will be amplified over the coming decades as all three figure in tomorrow's ICT world of mobile devices,
while their only rival, Microsoft's proprietary Windows, has a comparatively minor market share today in mobile
such as operating systems, web servers, databases and office systems. Note that the role of the European commission in stimulating research development and innovation, RDI,
Waters, R. 2012), Court fails to settle battle over Android, Financial times, 8 may. Wei, W. and Wei, F. 2011), The impact of product complexity and heterogeneity on online open innovation practices
Following R&d injections from Xerox PARC, over the next 20 years it then developed a series of highly successful small computers with quite conventional operating systems
Initial innovation and start-up While conventional search engines ranked results by counting how many times the search terms appeared on the page,
Page and Brin's new search engine was called initially Backrub, because the system checked backlinks to estimate the importance of a site,
While Page and Brin knew they had a unique search engine, initially they had no business plan that would monetize their innovation.
because they were interested predominantly in building a better search engine unsullied by commercial consideration. Page and Brin eschewed the straightforward commercial approach of other search engines that traded higher ranking for payment;
this was 35 http://www. google. com/about/corporate/company/36 http://investor. google. com/corporate/code-of-conduct. html 37 CEO, Interactivecorp.
who wanted their search engine to produce the most relevant search results to a query. What they understood early on was mattered
Google leads the development of the Android mobile operating system, as well as the new Google chrome OS. In August 2011, it acquired Motorola mobility for $11. 5 billion.
Despite this activity, some analysts believe that as the company has got bigger so quickly it is finding it difficult to maintain its success. 39 Google has insisted famously that its employees be allowed to spend 20%of their time working on projects other than their core work (Innovation Time out ITO.
AWARE 2 is a framework for creating complex robot software systems, making its robots easier to use,
irobot, and many other developers running the Robot Operating system (ROS. The company was already supporting the world robotics community:
while there may be very differing value among the components such as the display panel with its touch screen, the processor and the software such as a standard operating system.
what business model is likely to be most successful for instance the trend to verticalization in the web services sector from device to operating system to service as a lock in mechanism in a web market. 106 1 The Web Services value chain:
Development Business Concept & plan Operating systems (eg Android) Smartphones (eg iphone) Tablets (eg ipad, Amazon Fire) E-readers (eg Amazon Kindle) MP3 music players (eg ipod) 3rd party apps developers Set up
register of Hungarian research infrastructure facilities u map-based search engine of RDI organisations and businesses u finding project partners
infrastructure facilities map-based search engine of RDI organisations and businesses inding project partners and mapping project opportunities Kaleidoszkóp (the name refers to the multifaceted nature of RDI) is the name of the information system used by the National Innovation Oice.
and software system using touch screen clinical workstations which collected individual patient information, analysed the data and presented information on national protocols.
and supported by private enterprise and also in the form of free open source software systems which are supported by non-profitmaking organizations and private enterprises.
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